RBC: ukuhlaziya igazi, emagama, isilinganiso kanye nenani. Izinga evamile kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu (RBC) egazini

Ukuthola izifo ezifihliwe in iziguli, odokotela linqume ukuhlolwa kwegazi, imiphumela zazo bahlulelwe khona kwezinso emsebenzini imizimba ehlukahlukene. Nale cwaningo Dynamics ukwelashwa control. Uhlaziyo wahlola egazi, ezinye zazo namangqamuzana abomvu egazi. RBC-rate ukuze kunqunywe isimo umzimba. ukwanda kwalo noma ukwehla njengoba isignali izifo kunokwenzeka.

Sencazelo "erythrocyte"

Ingqamuzana elibomvu legazi (RBC), noma erythrocyte, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kuba biconcave kwediski efana ijamo futhi phakathi kweqembu eziningi kakhulu kwamangqamuzana egazi. I ububanzi yeseli ovuthiwe abomvu has a Usayizi kusukela microns 7.0 kuya 8.0, Ubukhulu esingaphansi 5,89 microns, 9.13 microns enkudlwana ezibhekwa anisocytosis bokuphila. Lesi sakhiwo maximizes amangqamuzana abomvu egazi bazogcwalisa molecule umoya-mpilo ne-carbon dioxide esegazini.

Eqakathekileko kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu Lisebenzisa i-hemoglobin lesi sakhi, lapho ukukhanya nomoya-mpilo ngibopha futhi ukukhululwa kwalesi sakhi ezicutshini eziyishumi nemitshingo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho RBCs ahambisa umoya-mpilo exchange wenziwa lipid molecule ukusebenza ngoketshezi olungenambala olusegazini, ukudluliswa amino acid izinsalela futhi kwezinto eziphilayo, kulawulwa acid-base futhi ion yakhoibrium egazini, unikeze exchange umzimba amanzi-usawoti. Zenza ukusabela mzimba ngu ukumuncwa nokubhujiswa ezinobuthi, elawulwa coagulation uhlelo ngenxa ukwakheka thromboplastin molecule.

umnkantsha Red esikhundleni kumiswa kwamangqamuzana abomvu engeziwe, lapho kukhona sokuvuselela okuqhubekayo kula maseli Kodwa inani labo njengoba RBC izinga alushintshi. Isikhathi sempilo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu esingaphansi kwezinyanga 4.

Kuyini RBC-ukuhlaziywa?

Ukuze sithole okuqukethwe kwe-erythrocyte, ingqondo ulinganiswa 1 ngemililitha cubic, noma 1 ilitha. RBC-labetibambile ukuhlaziywa igazi. Sokuqonda lokhu inkomba inikeza ulwazi ngesimo sezempilo futhi ikuvumela ukuhlonza izifo ezithize ngqo kubantu. Izinga a egazi enempilo womuntu obomvu kuyahlukahluka kwibanga emincane futhi kuncike yobudala kanye ocansini.

Iyunithi yokukala RBC nokuhlaziywa igazi kusetshenziswa 10 ¹² / ilitha.

Indlela ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesikhathi RBC

Ukuze uthole imiphumela ezinokwethenjelwa, kubalulekile ukwazi imithetho ukulethwa segazi. Ngokuvamile emitholampilo blood donation wenziwa ekuseni, esiswini esingenalutho. It is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba zidle ukudla noma uketshezi, ngaphandle kwamanzi evamile ahlanzekile. Kufanele uyeke ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala.

Ukuze ukulethwa yokuhlaziya ayeyilungiselele indandatho umunwe sesandla sakhe sokunene, ichopho okuyinto iphathwa ngotshwala nokotini. Nge umunwe punctured ezikuhlabayo kudivayisi ke igazi eqoqwe ngamapayipi ukuhlolwa. Umunwe akabathwesi uvolo utshwala ukotini ukuze cauterize isilonda.

Njengoba igazi RBC-ukuhlaziywa kufakwe indlela jikelele ukuhlolwa kwegazi, wayeqhuba izifundo laboratory lungakapheli usuku olulodwa zokusebenza. Ukusebenzisa ekamelweni etintfo letibalekako analyzers, onguchwepheshe uqhuba Ubala erythrocyte.

Igazi RBC-ukuhlaziywa: okulotshiweyo

Ngemva Ubala erythrocyte njengoba imiphumela ukuhlaziywa laboratory adluliswa udokotela. Ukuze ukuhlola isimo umzimba, ukuthi uhumusha ulwazi wanikeza igazi RBC-ukuhlaziywa. Kulungiswa imingcele yayo akudingeki ukucacisa inombolo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, kanye nencazelo izinkomba HT (hematocrit) kanye Hb (i-hemoglobin lokuhlushwa). Lobu buhlobo sisebenza kuphela kumaseli enempilo igazi nge isakhiwo efanele futhi ifomu. Ukwazi RBC ingxenye, kungenziwa kunqunywa ifomula Hb = 3 x RBC-hemoglobin okuhlushwa, futhi ke hematocrit (HT = 3 x Hb). Hematocrit kubonisa ivolumu isilinganiso erythrocyte amaseli ukuze Imininingwane igazi ivolumu, Inkomba ongaphakeme kubonisa anaemia yayo, futhi high blood amanzi emzimbeni kusho.

ukuhlaziywa RBC-igazi ingalahlekisa lapho ebambe khona phakathi kokuya esikhathini noma epistaxis, ekwelapheni izidakamizwa isisu. Lezi zici kumele kubhekwe lapho siqhuba ucwaningo.

Jwayelekile abomvu iseli okuqukethwe

Siphawula futhi ukuthi esiteji, kubaluleke ukwedlula igazi RBC-ukuhlaziywa - emagama. Norma okuqukethwe kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu incike ngobulili nobudala. In amadoda, inani lamaseli erythrocytic 1 ilitha kancane ngaphezulu (4.5 kuya 5.5 × 10 ¹²⁾ kuka azalela (4.0 kuya 5.0 × 10 ^12). Lena evamile RBC indices. Lo mehluko wenza ingaphezu ukuthuthukiswa olunzulu yemisipha ezingabantu.

Ngo ezisanda kuzalwa, RBC Inkomba kuphezulu (4.2 7.5 × 10 ^12), okubonisa ukuthi okuqukethwe eliphezulu namangqamuzana abomvu egazi, okuyinto ukuqinisekisa ukunikezela evamile yomzimba amaseli izinhlayiya zomoya-mpilo. Ingakapheli inyanga inombolo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kuyehla (kusuka 3.7 kuya 5.7 × 10 ¹²⁾ ngenxa nokucekelwa zabo, kukhona esikhundleni kancane kancane by amaseli amasha erythrocytic.

Ngo izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka izinyanga ezingu-6 RBC Inkomba ku ezahlukene 3.6 kuya 4.9 × 10 ¹² nezinyanga ezingu-12 ubudala RBC edamu - kusuka 3.7 kuya 4.9 × 10 ¹² ilitha ngayinye. Nge iminyaka unyaka ongu-1 kuya ku-12 ubudala-erythrocyte - 3,6-4,6 x 10 ¹² ilitha ngayinye.

Abakhulelwe ngempela ukuqoka igazi RBC-ukuhlaziywa, emagama yayo yenziwa ngekucikelela imithetho akhawunti okuyinto zihlukile for besifazane ababengewona ama-ukhulelwe - futhi kusukela 3.0 kuya 3.5 x ¹⁰ Disemba. okuqukethwe phansi amaseli erythrocytic ngenxa yokuba khona uketshezi ngokweqile in the kwezicubu, okuyinto dilutes igazi, okwenza kube uketshezi xaxa. Esinye isizathu okuqukethwe eliphansi elithwala umoya-mpilo, okuyinto esivela cishe bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe.

enanini eliphakeme RBC

amazinga ephakeme kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu egazini okuthiwa erythrocytosis. Hlukanisa polycythemia ngokuphelele futhi isihlobo. Esimweni sokuqala, ukwanda inani lamaseli erythrocytic kuyinto kufezeke ngezithukuthuku ukukhiqizwa yabo ithambo, isimo yesibili ivela lapho uqweqwe igazi bese wehlise umthamo yayo.

Amazinga aphakeme amangqamuzana abomvu egazi abangela izizathu bokuphila sokugembula.

izimbangela bokuphila ukwandisa amazinga RBC

Kunemibandela ukuthi kungase kwandise inani lamaseli zemvelo elibomvu legazi ngesikhathi 0.5 x 10 ⁹ ngosuku, okuyinto akusona isifo.

Ngokuvamile, RBC e ukuhlolwa igazi zingandiswa:

• ngaphansi kwethonya ukucindezeleka, overstrain sengqondo;
• ngesikhathi ukuhlala enwetshiwe ezintabeni lapho emoyeni akuyona i-oksijini eyanele;
• ne ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba owandiswayo;
• ngesikhathi ukushoda uketshezi emzimbeni.

Ukuqedwa lezi izimbangela kuholela ekululameni kancane kancane lokuhlushwa amaseli egazi, obomvu akuyona uphawu ukungalingani emzimbeni. Izakhamuzi ezinkangala nge ebuntwaneni likhiqize izinhlobo ezingaphezu amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ukuze uvale isikhala ukuntula-mpilo umzimba. Zonke lezi zici kufanele kunakwe lapho udokotela kuhunyushwa ihlaziya.

Pathologies lapho anda amazinga RBC

Ngaphezu azifele, kukhona eziningi izimo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo lapho overstated ezingeni RBC. amazinga ephakeme kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu waphawula ngesikhathi ethola isisu noma glucocorticosteroids, ngoba ukulahlekelwa amanzi enkulu ehlotshaniswa ne ukusha ebanzi, njalo futhi uchichima ketshezi izigqiki nesineke. Zonke lezi zimo wenze igazi obukhulu.

Okukhulu izinombolo zama-erythrocyte noma erythrocytosis, kuyinkomba izifo ezifana:

• isifo sezinso, lapho i-erythropoietin i-hormone ekhiqizwa imali ngokweqile;
• polycythemia nge ebulalayo isimila inqubo egazini, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ngokweqile cell ayanda umnkantsha;
• ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwama-hormone we- cortex adrenal e Cushing Syndrome;
• ezingamahlalakhona wegazi Vakeza;
• Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo e izifo ze- bronchi namaphaphu (ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula obstructive, emphysema, isifuba somoya bronchial);
• ukukhubazeka azalwa naso futhi wathola of imisipha yenhliziyo ngegazi supply iziyaluyalu umzimba;
• nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu kuyehluleka kwelungelo esiswini;
• zihlanganisa ukukhuluphala esingamahlalakhona yamaphaphu, futhi yamazinga aphezulu okungabi ingcindezi semithambo;
• Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi ka Umthambo kwezinso;
• polycystic izicubu kwezinso.

erythrocyte encishisiwe

Erythropenia kungenziwa obonwa odlulayo igazi RBC-ukuhlaziywa. Sokuqonda imiphumela kuyoba eyabonisa amazinga aphansi egazi abomvu e amaseli weengazi. Lesi simo kuthiwa i ebonwe izinhlobo ezahlukene igazi. degree yayo ihlukile kuye ifomu:

Iron ukuntula anaemia kungenzeka ngezinye njalo nokopha encane, Nokho RBC inkomba kungenzeka evamile noma kancane eliphansi kakhulu (3.0 kuya 3.6 × 10 ¹² ilitha).

Isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi kubangelwa ukuntula uvithamini B _12, aplastic, ifomu hemolytic, acute ukopha - konke lokhu uthi nazo elinesimo okuqukethwe ongaphakeme amangqamuzana abomvu egazini. RBC amanani asuka 1.0 kuya 1.6 × 10 ¹² per 1 ilitha ezibhekwa ezibucayi futhi edinga kokulashwa okusheshayo.

Nciphisa kunombolo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu ebonwe izilonda emathunjini we ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ku duodenum nasesiswini, ezinso kanye wesinye, glomerular nephritis izinso, lokuhlushwa anda amaprotheni-molecule e-igazi, plasmacytoma generalized, uketshezi olunqwabelene emisipheni eziyishumi nemitshingo.

Ngesikhathi kwenziwa ingane yomzimba wowesifazane kwandisa umthamo wegazi ukuthi ukhiphela ngokusebenzisa izitsha futhi kunciphisa izinga RBC.