Retardation kwengqondo - yisona ukubambezeleka, ukubambezeleka zentuthuko. Ukushesha kanye retardation

Retardation kwengqondo - yigama sandile eminyakeni yamuva njengoba okuphambene inkulumo ethi "ukusheshisa." On ukubaluleka ke ligamanxa infantilism. Retardation (ukubambezeleka, ukubambezeleka) iphakamise ukuthi ukusalela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ungenza up, kuyilapho ezimweni eziningi, ezinye infantilism lezi zimpawu abaphikelela abadala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona retardation ka kwengqondo, futhi infantilism ubuhlakani ayiphazamiseki.

Igama elithi "retardation"

Ngaphansi eziphikelelayo ukubambezeleka retardation ukuqonda kwengqondo jikelele ngenxa yokwephula ahlukahlukene intelligence abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-neminyaka emibili kuya kwemihlanu, ie ngesikhathi lapho ingane nje kokuba wawubumba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba umthetho, kungukuthi waphawula Ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo imisebenzi yobuchopho. Uma okuthile engqondweni zenzeka ngokumelene ngemuva kwenkulumo zakhekile futhi lesichubekako nemvelo, ukuthi izifo ezinjalo zentuthuko eyaziwa ngokuthi komqondo (komqondo).

ukusheshisa

Retardation njengoba ukusheshisa reverse umqondo kuhilela ukubambezeleka noma kwasalela ekuthuthukisweni. Ngenxa yalokho, le ukusheshisa - usheshisa ijubane ukukhula nokuthuthuka esemncane. Futhi lapha akunakubangelwa ukwanda okusheshayo ngobukhulu indikimba yamadoda omdala. Kuze kube manje, Zimbili izinhlobo ukusheshisa: naphakathi kanye eyingqopha. Eyokuqala - usheshisa ijubane ukuthuthukiswa ezinye izingane futhi intsha ethile amaqembu eminyaka. ukusheshisa Oyingqopha-mlando ibizwa ngokuthi ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha ngokomzimba izingane namuhla kuqhathaniswa dlule zukulwane.

Izimbangela ukusheshisa

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi retardation, kubalulekile ukuthola izimbangela buyinto okuphambene, okungukuthi, ukusungula izinqubo begazi ukushesha. Evamile, izimbangela zezinkumbulo ukukhula esasizosheshisa nokuthuthukiswa zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. hypothesis bemvelo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imfundiso yokuziphendukela Koch, owayekholelwa ukuthi izingane zanamuhla nokuncika wadalula imisebe ultraviolet, okuyizinto injini sokukhula. Kodwa namanje kwande, kuqinisekiswa abacwaningi abaningi, kuyinto umbono mayelana nomthelela kwemfucumfucu yezimboni ku ukukhula kwezingane.

2. hypothesis yethonya kwi ukukhula nokuthuthuka imvelo wengane abantu, ikakhulukazi, ngcono umsoco, ezempilo kanye nemibandela zokuphila ezisemadolobheni. Ngokwe-abacwaningi, zonke lezi zici futhi kungase inkanuko nomthelela ekukhuleni ngokomzimba.

3. hypothesis, owawuthi ukusheshisa - kuwumphumela izinguquko cyclical e imihlola yemvelo kanye nezinye izindlela heterosis. heterosis umphumela zingachazwa ngezinqubo ukuthuthelwa jikelele labantu yesimanje kanye nenani elikhulayo imishado exubile. Nzalo ngenkathi nge esizukulwaneni ngasinye kuba athuthukile ngokwenyama.

Kungaba okulungile ukuvumelana nazo zonke imibono eyayisinesikhathi amathathu, njengoba abalobi abaningi abacabanga imbangela ukusheshisa umthelela ezicini eziningana, kulesi simo ngezikhathi ezihlukene futhi ezindaweni ezahlukene izimo ezahlukene ayisisekelo.

Retardation: izimbangela kanye izici. Amazwibela

Retardation kwengqondo - imisiwe ukuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba kanye kumiswa izinhlelo obusebenzayo phakathi esakhula. Kulesi sigaba ekuhloleni lesi simanga, ososayensi baye bathola yizimbangela ezimbili ezihamba phambili retardation: ufuzo neziyaluyalu organic, azalwa naso noma labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe ontogenesis nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana, kanye izici ezehlukene emphakathini.

retardants zenani elikhulu eziyifa kanye isici nomphakathi

Empeleni, ngesikhathi izinqubo zokukhula retardants Awukude ngemuva kule inkomba kontanga, nje kumanani esilinganiso befinyelela eminyakeni elilodwa noma amabili kamuva. Uma sithatha ku-akhawunti ukuthi retardation kwengqondo - a Ukwehla e ukukhula kanye nokuthuthuka, ukubhekana ngokugcwele inkinga kufanele kube ukunquma Lo msindo ubangelwa. Uma ukusalela kuwumphumela yokuba izici zofuzo eziyingozi noma ngemva isifo, khona-ke ngokuvamile kuba khona ukubambezeleka nesikhathi ukukhula emumva lokugcina ukukhula ngesivinini, okungukuthi, uhlelo zofuzo isetjenziswa phezu isikhathi esifitjhani.

nomthelela ongemuhle ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukeni ingane ungaba isici nomphakathi. Futhi akusiwona kangaka imali eliphansi ngiyenze ibe sezulu ezimbi ngokomzwelo emkhayeni noma izikhungo. Yaqala yokuthi izingane wakhulela izikole boarding, amakhaya zezingane noma nemibandela nokuntuleka nokunaka kwabazali babo, kuthiwa emuva ekuthuthukisweni isikhathi esingangonyaka noma emibili kontanga.

Ukuphinda eyindilinga

Retardation kwengqondo - is insufficiently wafunda mkhuba, kodwa ukhona kakhulu uqinisekisa imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukusheshisa cyclical soshintsho kwezinkathi. Ngokusho ososayensi, kule minyaka emihlanu edlule bekulokhu ukushesha kanye deceleration retardation yentuthuko. Ngesizathu esithile, uhlelo cyclical, akwaziwa, kodwa ososayensi bathi lokhu kubangwa lezi zinto ezilandelayo: ushintsho izimo zezulu emhlabeni, bandisa inkonzo solar, izinga ukudla kanye nokunye. Zonke izimbangela kungenziwa ihlukaniswe exogenous (umthelela ongemuhle imvelo) kanye endogenous (azalwa naso noma bathenga).

Retardation kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ekutheni ingane isilungele esikoleni, ngenxa nokuvuthwa kwawo psycho-bokuphila kuncike ngqo inqubekela phambili kanye indlela ubudlelwane ukuthuthukisa kanye nobudala obufanayo. Isikhathi esining impela, izingane ukulibaziseka kwamabanga bafundiswa ngamunye. Futhi uzinake ukuthi retardation ukusheshisa kungaba ivumelane ne inharmonious. Okungukuthi, umntwana ngamunye inezinga ngabanye wokukhula nokuthuthuka.