Richard Dadd: umculi brilliant olahlekelwe ingqondo yakhe

Ngokungangabazeki, Richard Dadd - omunye abanegama emhlabeni art. Umlando wakhe namanje okubangela eziningi ukuphikisana Ziphikisana phakathi a baxgeki futhi abathandi art bemidwebo yobuciko amakhosi esikhathini esidlule.

Umlando crazy umculi

Bonke bajwayelene okungenani ingxenye encane imisebenzi lokhu okuyinhloko, siyazi futhi kwaba kanjani uhambo wokuphila Richard Dadd. Biography of lo muntu ongena beshaqekile futhi injabulo ngesikhathi esifanayo, kodwa, nokho, kuyaphawuleka. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi sphere yobuciko, okuzoxoxwa okwengeziwe, wahlala etholakalayo ababukeli isikhathi eside. Kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, umlando umculi omkhulu wayazi umhlaba wonke ezasiza amehlo umphakathi lenkinga ukugcwaliseka ezingaba okudala abantu, impilo zabo engqondo zaba zimbi kakhulu njengoba kwenzeka nge Richard Dadd ngendlela efanayo.

Namuhla, ne ehola izikhungo ezikhethekile yezokwelapha ubuchwepheshe efanele kukhona workshop evulekile lapho iziguli khulula ukupenda, sculpt, dweba izinkuni. Okwangempela ngisho wabuza, ngokuhamba lapho Ongoti yobuciko ukuthengisa yobuciko eziyingqayizivele imidwebo, ebhalwe ngesandla sabantu uphazamisekile emqondweni.

Isithombe umuntu ophazamisekile ekhanda

impumelelo Commercial, ngasendleleni, elinde isithombe, okwakwenza Richard Dadd. "Genius Mad" - ngakho wakhuluma ngaye ababephila ngesikhathi. Vele ukukhuluma ngayo kuze kube namuhla. Ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe wachitha in the master esibhedlela sengqondo. Phakathi nokuphila ithalente lakhe ayikwazanga baziswa, isithiyo esikhulu sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi yokugula kwakhe. Kodwa ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka embalwa indlela yokudala Richard Dadd ngithole abalandeli babo. Imidwebo walo mculi mkhulu into isifiso for abaqoqi kanye Ongoti imidwebo, ngakho manje ngamunye imisebenzi yakhe kufanele imali enhle ngempela.

Mayelana "Bedlam" izwi abaningi abaye bezwa, kodwa akekho owacabanga ukuthi indaba ixhunyiwe naleli gama. Eqinisweni Bedlam okuthiwa iBhetlehema Isibhedlela abantu Egula ngengqondo futhi abasangulukile engqondweni. Le ndawo itholakala maqondana Tower edume of London. Kusukela ngekhulu XVIII zalethwa kule ndawo zonke izakhamuzi zabagula ngengqondo, futhi ekuqaleni Ngekhulu leminyaka elilandelayo, ngo-1815, kwase isibhedlela agcwele yezokwelapha abantu abadinga ekhethekile microclimate ezingokwengqondo uhlobo ukwelashwa.

Bedlam emphilweni Richard Dadd

Ngolunye usuku ngo-1844, le nhlangano ebizwa ngokuthi iziguli uyahlanya bajoyine edume Richard Dadd. "I Fairy Feller sika Master-Stroke" (egijima kancane ngaphambi) - omunye edume kakhulu futhi ethandwa yakhe ngaphambi kwemisebenzi yamandulo kufanele balinganisela ochwepheshe emkhakheni izifundo zamasiko, imidwebo kanye ubuciko, waba osuphinde wazalwa ku-canvas lapha emtholampilo. Ngo 1844 umculi wayiswa esiteshini samaphoyisa, lapho babephathwa abenza amacala obugebengu.

Richard Dadd elapha ngemuva kokuboshwa kwakhe. Komthetho ambopha eduze enhlokodolobha French okwamanje lapho umculi Bagibela omunye abagibeli stagecoach. Phakathi bephenywa ibangelwa waphendula ukuthi wayezomvusa uvakashela eVienna futhi ukubulala kumbusi Austria. Wabuye ngasivuma lokubulala uyise omzalayo. It kuvela ukuthi ngonyaka ukuthwebula insizwa eneminyaka engu-27 ubudala ngempela Kushone ehlathini kayise. Ukuvuma e ngaso sonke isikhathi lobugebengu, Duddy wanikeza umbono nomuntu okungenampilo. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-isizathu esiyinhloko nokudluliswa esiteshini samaphoyisa emzini womuntu ngenxa uhlanya.

Yiqiniso, Richard Dadd e Bedlam uJesu akabanga nje nobulelesi uhlanya. Nokho, ngekusasa lakhe uhlukile ukuze ngokufunda ke, ungadlala inkolelo ethandwayo ka ukungabi nakwenzeka khona ubuhlakani kanye villain zonke iphuma zibe munye ngokuphepha.

Esakhula umdwebi

Wazalelwa umculi e-UK ngo-1817, edolobheni Chatham. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwaba idolobha elincane, yena waba ngokwanele owaziwa ngaleso sikhathi endaweni yaseBrithani yesimanje. Chatham wawuyingxenye Royal Navy imikhumbi. Abazali Daddah waba ibhizinisi eyenza imithi nesizotha - ababenako ekhemisi abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-dolobha.

Ezemfundo Richard kwaba esikoleni sendawo. unyaka wayo lama-20 Duddy sekushiwo eLondon, ngoba ngesikhathi ubaba ukuwuvula studio yakhe siqu lapho. Ukuxoxisana ngama-ukhuni eqoshwe futhi gilding imihlobiso eqoshiwe, le nsizwa parallel ukuwo izifundo e-Art Academy esigodlweni. Lesi sikhungo namanje kubhekwa esikoleni yodumo of Fine Arts e Albion.

uhambo ebulalayo

Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa Richard Dadd sakhuluma njengomuntu osathuthuka umdali abanamakhono. USir Thomas Phillips, wammemela kanye ivuliwe uhambo lokuya eGibhithe naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Kukholakala ukuthi lolu hambo iye yaba nendima ebulalayo empilweni wale nsizwa.
Uhambo Kwakungelula. Ngemva umgwaqo uyakhathaza eside imizwelo yakhe wawucindezela ukuze Duddy uvumile izinhlamvu kumngani izinguquko sakhe eziphathekayo. Trouble elele, umcabango esisheshayo wabiza Richard okwesabekayo ukuthula kwabo kwengqondo.

Mhlawumbe, umculi wathola umbono ongenakucimeka wokulingwa ngesikhathi ehambele eGibhithe, "umuzi kwabafileyo." Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, waqala ukukholelwa ukuthi u-Osiris enamandla wacala kubusa kwabo. Ngenxa self-hypnosis Richard Dadd waqala ukuba izilo futhi amademoni. Wayelethwa unqobe yisifiso esabekayo: ngokwesibonelo, lapho sebephindela ekhaya, kanye e-Italy, wavuma ukuthi angathanda ukubulala uPapa.

Ukuguliswa yilanga noma ukusangana?

Ngokuzimisela amazwi anjengokuthi akekho wathatha lo abanamakhono nsizwa, ukuthola izimpawu zokuqala ubuhlanya ihlaya oyisiphukuphuku kuhlulekile ngenxa yokukhathala ngokweqile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ngifika kwakhe e-London, futhi kukhulunywa ochwepheshe lutho osolisayo itholwe ukuziphatha lesiguli. Odokotela kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini "ukuguliswa yilanga."

Izihlobo nabangane umdwebi, uyaqiniseka ukuthi umfana phathelana uyazithulela kancane ome njengeqanda, ukukhathazeka kakhulu. Richard Dadd (isithombe mculi akakwazi ngokunembile ukudlulisela izinguquko kubangelwa isimo yakhe ayeyithole ngendlela kwengqondo) agcinwe egumbini lakhe amaqanda ambalwa, futhi njalo egqoka amagilavu eyenziwe imbuzi isikhumba. Umuntu wokuqala ukuba sixoshe inganekwane ekuhlonzweni engokoqobo, waba udokotela wezengqondo Aleksandr Sazerlend. Yena cishe igwebe insizwa umndeni: umculi abanamakhono abasha Richard Dadd ehlatshwa njengoba ukuba sithwale imiphumela yezenzo zakhe, akakwazi. Izincomo ezenziwe Richard baba ngabodwa emphakathini futhi kweso lwezokwelapha njalo.

Ukubulawa uyise nesizungu impilo yonke

Futhi kwaba ingozi ukuthi kwenzeka ngemva nje ngempela ungalungiseki. Robert Duddy wabulawa indodana yakhe siqu. Ngezinye celebration wezempi e-Chatham umfana ogulayo esimweni nevuso ehlaselwa uyise. ummese Sailor sika eshayisa Robert Daddah esifubeni bese usika emphinjeni wakhe. Ngosuku olulandelayo, umzimba umufi satholakala, kodwa izindaba ukuthunjwa umculi crazy evelele zafinyelela eNgilandi kuphela ngemva konyaka.

Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe Richard Dadd wachitha emtholampilo. Bedlam kwaba endaweni yokugcina ngaye. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kukhona lapho ancamuka ezivela ezweni kanye nomphakathi jikelele, umculi akuyona wayesaphaze ithalente lakhe. Lesi sifo akuphazamisi ukusebenza kwengqondo obhekene ikhono lakhe lokusungula. Kuze kube sekupheleni umsebenzi wakhe umculi baqhubeka ukudala yobuciko ngezindawo.

Recognition ithalente umdali abayinqaba

Richard Dadd indlela yokudala yabakhanga ecishe ibe ikhulu ngemva kokufa umbhali abavelele. Isithombe kuqala, uthenge i namamane * ayizinkulungwane 500, "sokuphikisa: Oberon futhi Titania" ngo-1984 wavula nentshisekelo kwezinye imisebenzi umdali. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa zidayiswe kwathengiswa ngomunye futhi umsebenzi wobuciko - "Njengoba ungumculi ehlane" ngoba namamane * ayizinkulungwane 100. Ubufakazi ukuthandwa nombhali Bedlam Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi eziningi imisebenzi yakhe namanje walondoloza e zobuciko esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

"Wag Umgawuli fabulous" Richard Dadd ufanelwe ukuqashelwa okukhethekile. Umdwebi wadala Umdwebo iminyaka 9 esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo. Le Umdwebo edume - omunye yobuciko eziningi ezazenza Richard Dadd. "I Fairy Feller sika Master-Stroke" Wawugujelwani ukudalwa neminye imisebenzi eminingi awusizo hhayi kuphela art enhle. Ngokwesibonelo:

• ngo-1988 i-echaza Oliver Knussenom kwalotshwa fantasy zomculo ngokuthi "bayachuma ne iziqhumane";
• kule noveli "The Wee Mahhala Abantu" Terri Pratchetta kukhona Ukhulumé isithombe;
• Omunye hits the rock Queen inegama elifanayo.

A amazwi ambalwa mayelana "Flick we Fairy Lumberjack"

Incazelo emfushane lokhu ufanelwe ukuqashelwa. Phambili kulesi sithombe kunesonto kuyinto kwezimila. Ukuze izimbali kanye namakhambi umbukeli Kulula ukuthola izwe non-akukho izinhlamvu ezingu-oqanjiwe. Kulo mfanekiso, zonke izinhlamvu inganekwane silindele isikhathi lapho Umgawuli hit hazelnuts. Isithelo maphakathi wonke ukwakheka, "Nkosi jika Fairy Umgawuli." Richard Dadd sengathi ngokukhethekile endowed him omlingo. Kubonakala sengathi ngokushesha nje imbazo uluhlukanise, into ebalulekile izinhlamvu isithombe nakanjani yenzeke.

"Wag Umgawuli fabulous" Richard Dadd waqale wayala umphathi-jikelele we-Hospital Royal. Genri Gayden bayahlonishwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ithalenta abaculi uphazamisekile emqondweni. Kuze kube namuhla useyili omkhulu kweza umsebenzi we Tate Igalari. Imbongi eyiNgisi Sigmund Sassoon ethulwa umsebenzi inkumbulo komngane wakhe (endleleni, umzukulu Richard Dadd) Julian Duddy.

Njengoba Daddah wachitha iminyaka yakhe esibhedlela: odokotela amanothi

Imfihlakalo enkulu ngoba abacwaningi namuhla ukuthi inkosi wakwazi ukwakha ezimweni ezimbi njengale. Futhi uma ucabangela ukuthi Bedlam, uma iqhathaniswa nayo nezikhungo zezokwelapha efanayo elalibhekwa njengelinye ngezindinganiso leso sikhathi, nomusa kakhulu, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi uyahlanya whiled kude izinsuku zabo kwenye indawo. Chamber, eyayibonakala kuphendule okuthiwa nobulelesi uyahlanya (kanye nalabo eyenziwa Daddah), ngokuvumelana ofakazi, amaseli owawufana ngaphezulu ezidla ezinye eyingozi.

Ukutholakala kolwazi mayelana nendlela umculi babechithe iminyaka engaphezu kuka-40 Bedlam - inani Charles Hood. Lo muntu nge 1852 wakhonza njengephayona udokotela abakhulu emtholampilo. Nge kuziwa eziningi ukusebenza ezikhungweni zokwelapha ishintshile kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, lapho ivela khona elihlobene ne ekuqaleni ukwenza umlando. Ukuze esimweni ngasinye yomtholampilo abahlengikazi baqala aphathe kakhulu eduze kakhudlwana. Mayelana Richard Dadd is kancane eyaziwa, kodwa ngokuvumelana Charles Hood, he was fike of iziguli eziyingozi kakhulu futhi ngaba nolaka. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, udokotela waphawula ukuthi interlocutor emnandi futhi ezithakazelisayo kwalezi ezenziwe yilo muntu, akalokothi uhlangane nabo empilweni yakhe. Hhayi ukuthi ukubonile lokhu nengxoxo intelligence yakhe ekhaliphile, zesimanjemanje e ezicashile izinto zakhe ozithandayo babe engenakwenzeka.

Umdwebi wayengazalwa kuphela Roberta Dadda. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ungumfowabo omncane Richard George futhi wazithola Bedlam isikhathi esithile ngemva kokufa kukayise. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi lezi zelamani ezimbili baye bahlupheka ukugula, zitholwa ifa. Angokomzwelo nangokwengqondo nokuphazamiseka kwempilo, Richard noGeorge isikhathi eside akazange abonise ngokwayo, ogeleza ifomu esicashile, kodwa lapho zihlatshwa izici ezithile, izindlela elokugula ngengqondo sele zifakiwe.

Ukuhambisa kuya Broadmoor futhi iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngo-1864, ngemva kweminyaka engu-20 e Bedlam, Daddah uthuthwa Broadmoor. esibhedlela Modern wamakhela khona ngayizolo, ukubona udokotela indawo engcono yokuqhubela ukuba ngisale umculi abanamakhono. Wayefanele eziningi izinzuzo kuqhathaniswa Bedlam. Ukuhambisa lapha kwaba nethonya elihle ku-isimo sengqondo Richard Dadd, nakuba izinguquko eziphawulekayo ungazange iphutha.

Ukudala Richard Dadd, oye wahlala iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-70, washona ngo-1886 isifo sofuba ubizwa abatelekile namuhla. Psychiatrists nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo uzamile ukuthola imidwebo yakhe nanoma imiphi eminye, ubufakazi wesiyaluyalu sakhe sengqondo. By endleleni, "koFuduko lwaseGibithe", "Crazy Jane", "Passion" eqhukethe izingxenye ezahlukene, esangenza ochwepheshe kancane ukwembula izimfihlakalo engqondo ukugula buchopho.

odokotela Modern Akungabazeki ukuthi ukugula umculi kuyoba isinqumo namuhla. ukulungiswa afanelekayo isimo sengqondo sawo isiguli zamnika ithuba lokukhansela atihambi todvwa. Encwadini evamile, ukuphila kokuvinjwa, ukubuyiselwa Cishe babehamba isheshe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga esiqine imithi psychotropic azinamphumela ku komsebenzi wakhe wokudala, akekho ikani. Talent ye-master wahlala sibonga yayinjalo yokwelapha kakhulu ephephile futhi ungasizi ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukwaziswa Medical mayelana Richard Dadd aqukethe ulwazi olubonisa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa yokugcina ukuqonda ngokuba umculi ngo-1869. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waqhubeka ukupenda cishe kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. umsebenzi wakamuva uMdali sangomhla 1883. Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ikakhulukazi kanzima banikwa kumculi-buchopho. Njengoba bonke ukhohliwe futhi muntu, ewuthi lokuvungula ngokwenyama, abaphethwe ukukhwehlela ezinzima ngegazi. Ngo-1886 wafela Richard Dadd Umdwebo lelo ngisho nanamuhla edonsela amehlo futhi kwenza Admire.

Richard Dadd icala njengobufakazi bokusetshenziswa kwesihluku ukusebenza izindlela "umcabango asebenzayo"

Art usezuze okumqoka e ukwelapha uphazamisekile emqondweni. ukuphumelela indlela "umcabango asebenzayo" okuye kungase kutholakale phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, Karlom Yungom. Unjiniyela ngokusekelwe ubufakazi bakhe mayelana nokusebenza kahle amakhono yangaphakathi ukuze sikhuthaze nokudalwa kwemisebenzi izifanekiselo nokuguqulwa. Thola imvume ukungqubuzana ngemilingo ngamunye icala ngabanye kungaba indlela equlekile, ecacisa oyifunayo amazwi, umculo kanye nezithombe.

Ngeshwa, ekhulwini XIX phezu indlela "umcabango asebenzayo" ke ayikaziwa. Okwamanje, le ngxenye ye ukwelashwa kwengqondo ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa ezikhungweni eziningi zokwelapha e-Europe, kuhlanganise Italy, eNgilandi, eFrance, njll Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi indlela Carl Jung, bengayeki Ngamangala futhi namuhla: iziguli, ukulalela umculo noma ngokubhala uyinki, ukuzola e izikhathi ezimbalwa ngokushesha kunokuba ukuthatha amakhemikhali.

Le ndlela zokuzilibazisa kusiza ekudambiseni ukucasulwa ubala futhi ukunganeliseki, uphumule bese uvula indlela kwangaphakathi ezingokomoya. Mhlawumbe lena yiyona ndlela okwakusele Richard Dadd, umculi abakhaliphile, ubhekene necala enamandla okudala okungakwazi kodwa isigqoko.