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Uyini ibutho abakhwele amahhashi? Umlando abagibele amahhashi Russian

Kwakuwusuku izinhlobo zokugcina eyisisekelo amabutho edabula amabutho unyawo ifana nommese ngokusebenzisa ibhotela. Noma yimuphi ibutho abagibele amahhashi sasingamashumi bakwazi ukuhlasela izikhathi eziyishumi amabutho ephakeme isitha ngezinyawo, ngoba inekhono, ukuhamba kanye amandla ukuhlasela okusheshayo futhi enamandla. Kula mabutho akuyona kuphela akwazi ukulwa wodwa wahlukanisiwe lonke amabutho, ke angahamba amabanga amade ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, elivela akha phezu ezinhlangothini lesitha. Cavalry kungenzeka kweso niguquke futhi bawahlanganise kuye ngesimo, ukushintsha uhlobo olulodwa isinyathelo kwenye, okungukuthi, amadoda bakwazi ukulwa nangezinyawo, futhi ngehhashi. Inkinga isixazululekile zonke ezihlukahlukene ukulwa isimo - futhi Tactical, nokusebenza futhi amasu.

ngezigaba abakhwele amahhashi

Njengasekugumbuqelweni elihamba isiRashiya, lapho yayikhona ngamaqembu amathathu. Khanyisa abakhwele amahhashi (hussars futhi lancers, futhi 1867 kwangena Cossacks) ke lwenzelwe kwesimo endaweni futhi inkonzo patrol. Ukuthuthukiswa dragoons yethulwa - ekuqaleni bebizelwa Dragons, lapho elihamba ayekufake nje amahhashi. Ngemva kwalokho, kwaba igama Cavalry, okungase isinyathelo unyawo. Special enkazimulweni dragoons yazuza ngaphansi uPeter Omkhulu. Esesithathu iqembu abakhwele amahhashi - okungajwayelekile (ukuhumusha - okungalungile) kanye ezisindayo - futhi lalinabashumayeli Cossack Kalmucks futhi cuirassiers ayehlome eyizingovolo okwakukhona amakhosi serried ukuhlaselwa.

Kwamanye amazwe, mabutho lahlukaniswa lula ku-lula, aphakathi nendawo kanye ezisindayo, okuyinto kwakuxhomeke kakhulu isisindo ihhashi. Easy - ihhashi Huntsman, lancers, hussars (ihhashi kuhlaziywe amakhilogremu angamakhulu amahlanu), isilinganiso - Dragoons (eziyisithupha) ezinzima - Knights, Reiter, grenadiers, le Carabinieri, le cuirassiers (ihhashi e ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, enesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu angaphezu kuka ayisishiyagalombili). I Cossacks yebutho Russian isikhathi eside kubhekwe ukuba abakhwele amahhashi okungajwayelekile, kodwa kancane kancane angena isakhiwo ibutho Empire Russian, ukuthatha isihlalo eduze dragoons. Lokho Cossack Cavalry Regiment kwaba usongo olukhulu ukuze isitha ezimpini yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. amabutho Horse zahlukaniswa amayunithi ngokuvumelana nezimfuneko ukulawula kanye nezinhloso. Lena amasu, Tactical, phambi nebutho nalawo agibela amahhashi.

Kievan Rus

Kievan Rus wayazi ezimbili izinhlobo amasosha - elihamba nabamahhashi, kodwa ngokusebenzisa yokugcina uwina impi, umsebenzi kwenziwa ubunjiniyela kanye ezokuthutha, ukumboza langemuva, nakuba yindawo ugajwe Yiqiniso, njengesosha elihamba phansi. Amahhashi ayesetshenziswa ukuletha amasosha kule ndawo. Lokhu kwenzeke kwaze kwaba sekhulwini leshumi nanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba elihamba ku alinganayo ukunqoba elikhishiwe nabagibeli, bese mabutho waqala ukubusa. Mhlawumbe kwakunjalo ngalesosikhathi, futhi kwakukhona ibutho lokuqala nalawo agibela amahhashi. ukwehluleka okuphindaphindayo empini nge asemaqeleni abantu abaye bayifundisa izikhulu Kievan, futhi ngokushesha aba nabagibeli Russian neze kunabayeni: isiyalo, ihlelwe, basisiza kakhulu, onesibindi.

Khona-ke waqala ukunqoba eyinhloko yempi Russian. Ngakho, ngo-1242 mabutho nendima enkulu e kokunqotshwa kwe zamaJalimane Knights (Battle of the Ice). Khona-ke kwaba Kulikovo lapho Zasadnyy onga Cavalry Dmitriya Donskogo predetermined umphumela ukulwa izindimbane ibutho. Ngezinye amaMongol kwaba ukushaqeka, abakhwele amahhashi ukukhanya, ihlelwe kahle (Tumen, izinkulungwane, amakhulu noma amashumi), engabanikazi bephephandaba umnsalo ephelele, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhonto, inkemba, imbazo kanye club. Iqhinga wawuyingxenye Persian noma Parthian - kwelanga ukukhanya abakhwele amahhashi e flank futhi bakhulise ke amabhomu eliqondile eside we-Mongolian yesikhathi eside neminsalo, futhi ekugcineni kwasani amandla ukuhlasela, owawusedolobheni i mabutho esindayo. Amaqhinga wazama futhi cishe esinganqobeki. Noma kunjalo, ngo nanhlanu abakhwele amahhashi Russian ekhulwini kakade athuthukile ukuze likwazi ukumelana naso.

Boomstick

Ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha okwaqokonyiswa i abakhwele amahhashi lula, ayehlome ngezibhamu, ngenxa lolu shintsho nezindlela zempi kanye nezindlela uyisebenzisa empini. Ngaphambili ahlukene abakhwele amahhashi ibutho ehlaselwa isitha ngensimbi abandayo, manje Shooting kwahlelwa imigqa ngokuqondile ihhashi. Ukwakheka ibutho lwalujulile ngokwanele, kuze ezinhlwini nanhlanu noma ngaphezulu ifakwa phambili e aphenduke umyalelo service emgqeni wokuqala.

Kwaba ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha, futhi kwakukhona dragoons futhi cuirassiers. Swedish abakhwele amahhashi ekhulwini lesikhombisa Yayinesikhwanyana ngokuphelele kubo. Enkundleni yempi, Korol Gustav Adolphus abakhwele amahhashi iyahambelana emigqeni emibili bezigaba ezine, okwakunginika ibutho elikhulu ka amandla amakhulu, uyakwazi ukushaya esiwujuqu hhayi kuphela ukuhlaselwa, kodwa futhi unenkululeko yokunyakaza. Laphuma ibutho squadrons futhi regiments nalawo agibela amahhashi. Ekhulwini lesikhombisa le abagibele amahhashi sasingamashumi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu angu yebutho emazweni amaningi, futhi ngisempini France wayengomunye nengxenye izikhathi kancane.

esinakho

ERussia kula mabutho ekhulwini isivele selihlukene laba nzima, aphakathi nendawo kanye ukukhanya, kodwa kakhulu ngaphambili, ngo-ngekhulu nanhlanu, sidalwe ukugqugquzela manorial zamadoda amahhashi, kanye nentuthuko yayo ihlukile kakhulu ukuqeqeshwa abakhwele amahhashi Russian naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Lolu hlelo yokufuna ugcwele amasosha Russian esikhulu kakhulu abakhwele amahhashi ahlukile. Kakade ngaphansi Ivan le Kubi, waba umholi ukulethwa amabutho, ababebalelwa abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, futhi iMpi Livonian kwakungelona ibutho Cossack nalawo agibela amahhashi.

Ukwakheka abakhwele amahhashi Russian kancane kancane washintsha. ibutho njalo sidalwe ngaphansi uPetru Pevom lapho abagibele amahhashi sasingamashumi Boel omane amawaka dragoons - regiments amane. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho nabagibeli bathunyelwa ukuba enze inkonzo ethile isibhamu. Northern neMpi wafundisa mabutho ukuzenzela umathanda futhi Battle of Poltava Cavalry Menshikov isinyathelo resourcefully kakhulu, nangezinyawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umphumela juqu kwaliwa mabutho okungajwayelekile, eyayihlanganisa Kalmyks futhi Cossacks.

charter

Petrine isiko lavuselelwa ngo 1755 indlovukazi Elizabeth: isungule futhi yethulwa Cavalry sisekelo, okuningi ukulwa ngcono ukusetshenziswa abakhwele amahhashi empini. Kakade 1756, ibutho Russian ingeyamakhosi Guards abakhwele amahhashi ibutho, eziyisithupha cuirassier Grenadier, eyishumi nesishiyagalombili esigcwele futhi dragoon regiments ezimbili engabalulekile. Kula mabutho okungajwayelekile njengoba Kalmyks futhi Cossacks babesendlini futhi.

abakhwele amahhashi Russian waqeqeshwa kungekhona ukuthi sezizimbi kakhulu futhi ezimweni eziningi ingcono kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi AseYurophu, waqinisekiswa iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Ayisikhombisa '. Ekhulwini nesishiyagalombili ke isibalo sezikhungo abakhwele amahhashi ukukhanya, + njengasosukwini lokungivivinya nesishiyagalolunye, lapho ayethé chithi saka, ahlomele impi, amahhashi, wehlukaniswa iziqephu ibe ezempi futhi amasu. Lesi sakamuva besihloselwe ukulwa, kokubili ngokuzimela kanye kanye kwamanye amagatsha ezempi, kanye Abezempi kwaba yingxenye yalo lonke Leli qembu ukuba ibutho kanye elihamba amayunithi ezidingekayo ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka, ukuxhumana kanye nezobunhloli.

yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye

Napoleon amane amabutho abakhwele amahhashi - amane amawaka abamahashe. Ibutho isiRashiya kwakuwulimi emashumi mathandathu anamihlanu regiments abakhwele amahhashi, phakathi kwawo - onogada abahlanu, eziyisishiyagalombili cuirassier, dragoon ezingamashumi amathathu nesithupha, nanye futhi ezinhlanu Ulan hussar, ie ukwahlukana nanye, izakhiwo emihlanu ehlukene plus amabutho abakhwele amahhashi. Russian abakhwele amahhashi impi elwa luyingxenye egibele amahhashi, futhi baqambe indima ebalulekile kakhulu kokunqotshwa ibutho sikaNapoleon. Engxenyeni kwekhulu lesibili amandla wezikhali ukuqeqeshwa umlilo liye landa izikhathi eziningi, kodwa ngenxa mabutho eyenziwa Silahlekelwe kakhulu. Kwase kusukuma kungafanele futhi esola isidingo ukhona.

Kulwiwa e-United States, Nokho, lukhombise impumelelo lolu hlobo amabutho. Ngokwemvelo, uma ukufana uqeqesho combat nezinduna abanekhono. Ukuhlaselwa nokuseshwa ezingemuva nezokuxhumana babe ezijulile futhi ngiphumelela kakhulu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi nenganono futhi carbines kwakungafanele kokudutshulwa nje, kodwa futhi threaded. Ngocelemba baseMelika kanti cishe akazange asebenzise. I-US namanje emlandweni ibutho ungaphakathi hlonipho okukhulu. Ngakho, 2 Cavalry Regiment (Dragoons, 2nd Cavalry Regiment) yahlonywa 1836 futhi kancane kancane, ngaphandle kokushintsha igama, baba lokuqala elincane, bese elihamba ngomshini. Manje eYurophu, ekubeni yingxenye akuxhomekile amabutho US.

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala

Ngo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, ngisho ekuqaleni, mabutho eyishumi isenti yebutho ngalinye, ngosizo yayo, uyayixazulula inkinga ka Tactical nokusebenza. Nokho, eminye ayegcwele ibutho wezikhali, izibhamu futhi izindiza, ingxenye abagibele amahhashi yayo balahlekelwa kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili enkulukazi, futhi ngenxa yalokho baba cishe ayikwazi ukulwa. Ngokwesibonelo, amakhono consummate yokulwa wabonisa German High Command, ethwele Sventsiany ukuphumelela lapho esetshenziswa ukwahlukana eziyisithupha nalawo agibela amahhashi. Kodwa kunjalo, mhlawumbe, isibonelo nje omuhle plan onjalo.

abakhwele amahhashi Russian Okokuqala Umhlaba mningi - kwehlukana ezingamashumi amathathu nesithupha, nabagibeli ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili oqeqeshwe kahle - kodwa impumelelo, ngisho ekuqaleni empini zisezincane kakhulu, futhi uma it sondela isikhundla isikhathi aqondisa iphelile, ulwela lolu hlobo amabutho ayekile cishe. Zonke troopers wehla wangena imisele. Imibandela washintsha wempi Kulokhu, akukho lutho-Russian umyalo akazange baye bafunda: indiva iziqondiso okubaluleke kunakho konke, wafutha mabutho yonkana obuphelele phambi futhi wabasebenzisa njengezinceku onekhono kakhulu fighters procurers. Izimfundiso enikelwe ukuhlaselwa ukuze usondele the sehhashi, nokuqala ngezinyawo cishe hhayi kokuba zigcwalisekile. Ngemva kwempi, amabutho Western abangu ezinezinjini nabamahhashi ngomshini kancane kancane iqedwe noma kuyehla kube sezingeni eliphansi, njengoba eFrance, e-Italy, iGreat Britain nabanye. Kuphela ePoland wahlala umnyuziki nanye abakhwele amahhashi brigades.

"Thina - mabutho obomvu ..."

Ukwakhiwa ala mabutho anamakhanda lamaSoviet laqala ne ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane iRed Army, owawungumnyaka kwenza ngo-1918. Okokuqala, zonke izindawo ukuthi enikeziwe ibutho Russian futhi Amahhashi nabagibeli kwakuhlezi amaPhoyisa interventionists bezizweni phakathi Abamhlophe. izinduna abanolwazi siswele. Ngemva Okokuqala Umhlaba ezintathu kuphela regiments amahhashi ibutho elidala ngokugcwele baba yeSoviet. Nge izingalo kanye nezinhlamvu kwaba kubi kakhulu futhi. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yalokho, mabutho ibutho lokuqala Emayunithi lamasha uvele hhayi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ekuqaleni kwakukhona nje engamakhulu ihhashi, amasosha, squadrons.

Ngokwesibonelo, B. Dumenko wadala ngo-1918 ngu-iphekula iyunithi elincane entwasahlobo ekwindla kwaba kuqala kakade Don abakhwele amahhashi lamabutho ke - kwi Tsaritsyn Front - isifinyezo Cavalry Division. Ngo-1919, ngokumelene Denikin yasetshenziswa nje omzimba ezimbili zamahhashi. abakhwele amahhashi Olubomvu ungamandla amakhulu kunawo wonke yesiteleka, akulona uthando olungenayo uzibuse ngo Izinjongo ukusebenza, kodwa wabonisa ngokuphelele ukuzihlanganisa ngokwawo ukusebenzisana nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali. Ngo-November 1919 ezidalwe Lokuqala Cavalry Army, ngoJulayi 1920 - yesibili. Ukuhlanganisa nokuxhuma mabutho Red beat bonke: futhi Denikin futhi Kolchak, futhi Wrangel lebutho Polish.

abakhwele amahhashi phakade

Ngemva Yombango abakhwele amahhashi ngempela kwahlala isikhathi eside esikhulu amabutho iRed Army. Ukwahlukana yayiseshidini amasu (amabutho nezigaba) nebutho (iyunithi sakhiwa elihamba amayunithi). Futhi kusukela 20s ku iRed Army futhi kwaba khona abangu-amayunithi kazwelonke - ngokwesiko Cossacks (naphezu ukulinganiselwa, osuchithiwe ngo-1936), abakhweli bamahhashi North eCaucasus. By endleleni, emva kokuba isinqumo we Yabantu Commissar Wezokuvikela ka 1936 abakhwele amahhashi amayunithi babé Cossack kakhulu. Naphezu ulwazi okuphambene ukuthi yokwakha kabusha isikhathi kukhona ikuyo yonke indawo, ukuthi ngaphambi Omkhulu Patriotic amabutho eziningi abakhwele amahhashi baye babengenalo izwe amaSoviet, kubalulekile ukubuyisela iqiniso Injongo: amaphepha bathi akukho "indawo yokulinda Budyonny" yayingekho, futhi amahhashi ngo-1937 it siye sehla ngeminyaka engaphezu kuka-kabili, bese - by 1940-mu anyamalala ngokushesha ngisho.

Nokho, imigwaqo esinayo yonke indawo, futhi alinaso umngcele. Zhukov sephula ngokuphindaphindiwe emavikini lokuqala impi waveza ukuthi abakhwele amahhashi phansi. Futhi kamuva ukulungiswa. Ehlobo kanye ikakhulukazi ebusika 1941 Cavalry ngeMpi Yezwe II baba nje kudingeka cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Eduze Smolensk, ehlobo lika-kuphangwa olwenziwa ukwahlukana ezinhlanu abakhwele amahhashi, ukusiza lonke amasosha ethu siye salungiselela abalulekile hhayi kuphela, kwaba akunakwenzeka ukuba overestimate. Bese Yelnia kakade esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo, ukuthi abakhwele amahhashi imisiwe indlela izinqolobane undlovukayiphikiswa, yingakho impumelelo waqinisekiswa. Ngo-December 1941, ingxenye yesine ka division of eMoscow babe nalawo agibela amahhashi. Ngo-1943, cishe amabili namashumi amahlanu izinkweli zamahhashi eziyinkulungwane alwa ukwahlukana ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha (ngo-1940 kwakunabamemezeli 13 kuphela, futhi zonke ngenombolo ephansi). Don Cossack Corps yakhululwa Vienna. Kuban - ePrague.

11 ahlukene ibutho abakhwele amahhashi

Ngaphandle kwayo, bekungeke kube khona ama-movie esizithandayo. Lokhu uxhumano nje njengawo wonke amanye, babengamalungu Armed Forces yezwe, kodwa elasetshenziselwa ukuqopha ngemishini yebhayisikobho. 11 ahlukene abakhwele amahhashi ibutho - Inombolo 55605 Abezempi kwakheka 1962. Kwakuthinta okuqalwe umqondisi Sergei Bondarchuk. wobuciko Okokuqala, ngaphandle kosizo le ibutho ngeke eyenzeke, edumile futhi emuhle ifilimu amaqhawe "Impi Nokuthula". Kuyinto kule ibutho babe abalingisi Andrey Rostotsky futhi Sergei Zhigunov. Okuqukethwe "cinematic" impi kwaze kwaba '90s ikhokhwe Mosfilm ngalesosikhathi he is ukuqhubeka Yiqiniso, ngehluleka.

Eziyishumi izikhathi nokuncipha kwenani nabagibeli, bashiya kancane angaphezu kwamane futhi umphumela amahhashi esingaphansi ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu. Aqukethe ibutho kule ngxenye imvume Ministry of Culture and eMnyango Wezokuvikela. Noma kunjalo, umbuzo we disbandment ephelele sibucayi kakhulu. Kuphela isikhalo umongameli Nikita Mikhalkov uye zasiza ekulondolozeni 11 Cavalry. Lokhu kwamsiza ukuba enze ifilimu "The Barber yeSiberia". Ngo-2002, kwaba ayisekho uMongameli Cavalry Regiment, futhi wokugada Honorary sakhiwa sikaMongameli Regiment. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi omkhulu wamabhayisikobho ashisa izikhotha sizalwa ke! "Prince Igor", "White Sun oGwadule", "Waterloo", "Mayelana hussar abampofu ...", "Ukugijima", "Impi yase-Moscow", "Okokuqala Cavalry", "Bagration", "The Black Umcibisholo", "UPetru okukhulu. "

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