Semiconductor Lasers: imihlobo idivayisi, isimiso yokusebenza, ukusetshenziswa

Semiconductor lasers kukhona ugesi quantum Semiconductor based naphakathi asebenzayo, lapho okhulisa optical nge ekushayweni kwavusa kudalwa ngesikhathi inguquko phakathi quantum amazinga amandla at lokuhlushwa eliphezulu khulula icala abathwali endaweni.

Semiconductor laser: Umgomo we operation

Ngokuvamile, iningi electron esisogwini ezingeni valency. Phakathi indlela i-albhamu yezithombe amandla kokweqa amandla band igebe, a Semiconductor, ama-electron angene isimo excitation, bahlephula zone esenqatshelwe, ukuthuthela indawo khulula, sokugxila at usiko aphansi. Ngasikhathi sinye, umgodi kwakheka ezingeni Valence, njengoba ephakama umngcele layo elingenhla. Amaelectrons ezonini khulula recombine nge izimbobo, imbuthuma alingana namandla amandla we zone ukudabuka, ngesimo izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya. Recombination bungathuthukiswa izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya nge eyanele amandla ezingeni. incazelo wenombolo sifana Fermi ukusatshalaliswa umsebenzi.

kudivayisi

Idivayisi Semiconductor laser kuyinto diode laser akhishwa ama-electron amandla futhi izimbobo endaweni p-n-ushintsho - iphuzu ukuxhumana conductive Semiconductor p- kanye n-hlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona Semiconductor lasers ngokumisa okubonakalayo energy okokufaka lapho kwakhiwa ugongolo is by ukumuncwa izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya sokukhanya quantum wendlale lasers, okuncike ushintsho ngaphakathi esishintshashintshayo.

isakhiwo

compounds ejwayelekile elisetshenziswa Semiconductor lasers namanye amadivayisi optoelectronic, njengoba kulandela:

• gallium arsenide;
• gallium phosphide;
• gallium nitride;
• phosphide indium;
• indium gallium arsenide;
• gallium aluminium arsenide;
• gallium-indium-gallium nitride;
• phosphide, gallium-indium.

wavelength

Lezi zinto zehlela - oqondile-igebe Semiconductors. Indirect- (Silicon) akusho ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana zokukhanya nge force eyanele kahle. Nombono ka emisebeni ye-laser diode incike zamandla amandla i-albhamu yezithombe osondela igebe iviyo enkompolo ethile. I 3- futhi 4-ingxenye Semiconductor compounds amandla band igebe kungenzeka ngokuqhubekayo ezihlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene. Ngezinye AlGaAs = Al _x Ga _1-x Njengoba, isibonelo, okwandisa aluminium okuqukethwe (ukwanda x) ine umphumela ukwanda esikhaleni amandla band.

Ngenkathi ezivamile Semiconductor lasers usebenze eduze ingxenye infrared bohlu, abanye ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana obomvu (gallium indium phosphide), blue noma onsomi (gallium nitride) imibala. Isilinganiso infrared Semiconductor laser (selenide phambili) no-quantum wendlale lasers.

semiconductors organic

Ngaphandle zezakhi ngenhla wezinto kungasetshenziswa futhi organic. ubuchwepheshe ezifanele namanje ngaphansi ukuthuthukiswa, kodwa hhayi ngendlela uthembisa kakhulu ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza of lasers. Kuze kube manje, ithuthukiswe kuphela lasers organic ngokumisa okubonakalayo energy okokufaka futhi ukusebenza okuphezulu kagesi futha ingakamiswa ufinyelelwe.

zinhlobo

Ngu sebuningini Semiconductor lasers ngezimiso ezahlukene nokubaluleka isicelo.

Small laser diodes ukukhiqiza ugongolo eliphezulu emisebeni mechanical emandleni akhe amabanga abasukela emakhulwini ambalwa nje kuya milliwatts anamakhulu mahlanu. chip laser diode kuyinto ipuleti ezondile elingunxande, esebenza njengesikhali waveguide, kusukela emisebeni kungagcini isikhala esincane. Crystal doped nge zombili ukwakha PN-ukwedlulela endaweni enkulu. Imikhawulo ophucuziwe ukudala i elalinembobo optical we Fabry - interferometer Perot. Photon edabula umgodi ukuze abangele recombination emisebeni iyokwanda futhi uzoqala isizukulwane. Zisetshenziswa seleyiza, CD- futhi DVD-abadlali, kanye fibre optic.

Okuphansi amandla lasers futhi lasers okuqinile nge ingaphakathi zangaphandle odala pulses iDemo angase ukuvumelanisa izenzakalo.

Semiconductor lasers nge ingaphakathi zangaphandle sakhiwe a diode laser, okuyinto kunendima ukubunjwa inzuzo naphakathi ngaphezulu laser-elalinembobo. Okwazi yamaza ekushintsheni futhi ube ewumngcingo ekushayweni band.

Umjovo lasers kukhona Semiconductor esifundeni emisebeni e band ezibanzi, zingakwazi ukukhiqiza ongaphakeme amandla izinga ugongolo of Watts eziningana. Siqukethe ungqimba elincanyana asebenzayo ngokufanele phakathi p- kanye n-ungqimba, ukwakha heterojunction double. Mshini egqunywe zokukhanya isiqondiso lateral kuyinto olahlekile, eliphumela okusezingeni eliphezulu ugongolo ellipticity futhi engamukelekiko embundwini imisinga.

Inamandla diode afanayo, ehlanganisa amalungu afanayo diodes broadband, akwazi kwavela khona inhlansi Okuqukethwe akuzwakali amandla izinga amashumi Watts.

Inamandla afanayo iyimidwebo diodes zingakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla amakhulu ezinkulungwane Watts.

Surface-likhipha lasers (VCSEL) likhipha ukukhanya izinga okukhipha ugongolo milliwatts eziningana perpendicular plate. Uma uyikha phezulu le emisebeni kwesibuko elalinembobo sisetshenziswa ngesimo izingqimba e dynes ¼ wave nge ezahlukene indices yezokubona. Ku-chip olulodwa zingenziwa abangamakhulu amaningana lasers, okuvulela kungenzeka ekukhiqizweni.

C VECSEL lasers optical energy okokufaka kanye elalinembobo zangaphandle uyakwazi odala ugodo kwamandla izinga ezinhle Watts eziningana ngesikhathi ukukhiya imodi.

Umsebenzi Semiconductor laser quantum wendlale uhlobo esekelwe ukuhwebelana ngaphakathi bands (ngokungafani kuya interband). Lezi amadivayisi ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana esifundeni phakathi bohlu infrared, ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene terahertz. esetshenziswa Basuke, isibonelo, njengoba igesi analyzers.

Semiconductor lasers: isicelo namaphuzu ayinhloko ka

High-amandla diode lasers ne kakhulu kagesi akhishwa ngaso voltages ngokulinganisela asetshenziswa njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu lokuveza amandla okuqinile isimo lasers.

Semiconductor lasers ungasebenza uhla enkulu imisindo ohlanganisa ebonakalayo, eduze kwe-infrared kanye maphakathi ingxenye infrared bohlu. amadivaysi wadala futhi ushintshe izducheniya imvamisa.

Laser diodes kusheshe ushintshele futhi modulate amandla optical ukuthi isetshenziswa fibre optic zokuxhumana imigqa yesimanjemanje.

Lezi zimo zokuma wenzé Semiconductor lasers ubuchwepheshe uhlobo ebaluleke kakhulu maser. Zisetshenziswa:

• a izinzwa telemetry, pyrometers, altimeter optical, rangefinders, nokuzwa, holography;
• fibre optical ukudluliswa izinhlelo kanye isitoreji idatha, anokuhambisana zokuxhumana;
• laser printer, isiqophi namaphrojektha, izikhombo, ikhodi bar Enani, isithombe isithwebuli, i-CD-abadlali (DVD, i-CD, Blu-Ray);
• e zokuvikela, indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo quantum, ezishintshayo, izinkomba;
• e Metrology optical futhi spectroscopy;
• ekuhlinzeni, amazinyo, Cosmetology, ukwelashwa;
• umshini ohlanza amanzi, handling ezibonakalayo, ukudonsa okuqinile isimo lasers, ukulawula zamakhemikhali e ekuhlungeni zezimboni, imishini ezimbonini, ukuthungela izinhlelo, futhi izinhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela.

ishayela okukhipha

Iningi Semiconductor laser yakha ugongolo okuqhubekayo. Ngenxa iDemo yokuhlala nesikhathi electron ezingeni conduction zingabantu asihambisani kahle odala pulses Q-esitshalweni, kodwa imodi athi esiqhubekayo msebenzi ungenziwa ukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo quantum power generator. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka Semiconductor lasers esetshenziswa Isizukulwane ultrashort ishayela imodi-PUK noma usuke we inzuzo. amandla Isilinganiso pulses emfushane, ngokuvamile kungagcini milliwatts ezimbalwa ngaphandle lasers VECSEL-optically akhishwa, okuyinto okukhipha wattage kulinganiswa picosecond pulses nge imvamisa emashumini gigahertz.

Ukushintshashintsha futhi njengoba sinjalo

Buhle iDemo yokuhlala electron ku band conduction ka Semiconductor lasers yikhono modulate high imvamisa ezithinta VCSEL-lasers idlula 10 GHz. It iye yasetshenziswa optical ukuthumela idatha, spectroscopy, laser sinjalo.