Uyini umbuthano njengoba sibalo Jomethri: izakhiwo eziyisisekelo futhi izici

Ukuze wenze uhlaka sicabange ukuthi umbuthano onjalo, ukubheka indandatho noma ayindilinga. Ungase futhi uthathe round ingilazi isitsha wafaka sibheke phansi ephepheni kanye ipensela embuthanweni. Lapho ukwanda amaningi emgqeni okuholela kuyoba aminyene futhi akushelelanga, futhi emaphethelweni alo ifiphele. Selilonke njengoba sibalo Jomethri has izici ezifana ukujiya.

Selilonke: definition nencazelo lesisekelo

Selilonke - ijika avaliwe ehlanganisa sebuningini amaphuzu elise indiza eyodwa futhi equidistant kusukela maphakathi mbuthano. Nokho, maphakathi uku indiza efanayo. Njengomthetho, it is okhonjiswe incwadi O.

Ibanga ukusuka kunoma yiliphi iphuzu of selilonke enkabeni libizwa engaba futhi kuboniswa incwadi R.

Uma uxhuma kunoma iyiphi amaphuzu amabili emjikelezweni ke ingxenye okuholela libizwa kuzithinta. Kuzithinta edabula maphakathi mbuthano, - ububanzi omelelwa incwadi D. ubukhulu uhlukanisa selilonke ku lwesikhathi amabili alinganayo kanye nobude kabili engaba isixazululo. Ngakho, D = 2R, noma R = D / 2.

izakhiwo ukulele

1. Uma kukhona amaphuzu amabili selilonke ukubamba kuzithinta, bese perpendicularly kuya yokugcina - engaba noma ububanzi, le ngxenye uyosabalala futhi kuzithinta futhi arc elinqunywe kwawo izingxenye ezimbili alinganayo. Xoxa nakho kuyiqiniso: uma engaba (ububanzi) ka kuzithinta Uyahlukana nengxenye, khona-ke perpendicular ke.
2. Uma ngaphakathi selilonke esifanayo ukubamba ukulele ezimbili ezihambisanayo, bese arc anqunywe kubo, ngafaka phakathi kwawo kulingene.
3. Dweba ukulele ezimbili PR QS, intersecting ngaphakathi esiyingini iphoyinti T. Umkhiqizo elilodwa kuzithinta ubude uyohlale elilingana umkhiqizo nezinye ubude kuzithinta, isb x PT TR = qt x TS.

Selilonke: umqondo jikelele kanye ifomula eyisisekelo

Omunye izici eziyisisekelo lo mumo weJiyomethri kuyinto selilonke. Ifomula isuselwe usebenzisa amagugu ezifana engaba, ububanzi kanye njalo "π", okutshengisa ukuqinisela we ratio selilonke ukuze ubukhulu bayo.

Ngakho, L = πD, noma L = 2πR, lapho L - kuyinto obuphelele circumferential, D - ubukhulu, R - engaba.

Formula obuphelele circumferential kubhekwe njengento umthombo lapho engaba noma ububanzi we selilonke enikeziwe: D = L / π, R = L / 2π.

Uyini mbuthano: postulates eyisisekelo

1. okuqondile futhi selilonke kungenzeka ngokufanele ebhanoyini kanje:

• Awunawo amaphuzu e ezivamile;
• babe munye iphuzu esivumelana ngakho, emgqeni ibizwa ngokuthi i-tangent: uma ubambe engaba ngokusebenzisa isikhungo kanye iphuzu contact, kuyoba perpendicular tangent;
• babe amaphuzu amabili langempela, futhi emgqeni libizwa Imi.

2. Emva amaphuzu amathathu ngokungenasizathu elele indiza eyodwa, alikwazi ezingaphezu kweyodwa selilonke.

3. ababili mibuthano bangase mbeni iphoyinti eyodwa kuphela, okuyinto isendaweni ingxenye umugqa ohlanganisa izikhungo mibuthano.

4. Kunoma rotations mayelana nendawo mbuthano ku uqobo.

5. Uyini umbuthano kusukela umbono wesimethri?

• ugobile efanayo emgqeni nganoma yingasiphi;
• central wesimethri isihlobo ukhombe O;
• isibuko wesimethri mayelana ubukhulu.

6. Uma ukwakha iyiphi engeli amabili olotshiwe, esekelwe arc efanayo embuthanweni, bayoba alinganayo. Angle subtended i arc elilingana uhhafu we selilonke, okusho ukuthi wahlukaniswa kuzithinta-ububanzi, njalo ngo-90 °.

7. Ukuqhathanisa emigqeni avaliwe engonxantathu zobude obulinganako, kuvela ukuthi ingxenye selilonke ibeka indiza endaweni enkulu.

A umbuthano alotshiwe unxantathu bewuhlathulule ngaye

Lo mbono wokuthi umbuthano onjalo ngeke ibe ephelele ngaphandle incazelo izici ubuhlobo ukuma weJiyomethri nge onxantathu.

1. Ngo ukwakhiwa umbuthano alotshiwe unxantathu, isikhungo salo uyohlale uqondane iphuzu empambana we bisectors engele calantsatfu.
2. Umbuthano isikhungo echazwe mayelana unxantathu, elise empambana we perpendiculars lesemkhatsini ukuba uhlangothi unxantathu ngamunye.
3. Uma ichaza indulungu unxantathu kwesokudla, isikhungo salo liyakususwa etholakala phakathi hypotenuse, okungukuthi, lona wamuva kuyoba ububanzi.
4. Izizinda emibuthano elalibhalwe futhi circumscribed kungaba iphuzu elilodwa, uma base kuyinto ukwakha unxantathu equilateral.

Izinsolo eyinhloko circle quadrangles

1. Emhlabeni quadrilateral ayizindunduma kungenzeka ukuchaza umbuthano kuphela uma isamba engeli yayo okuphambene ingaphakathi kulingana 180 °.
2. Ukwakha alotshiwe ayizindunduma umbuthano quadrilateral kungenzeka uma isamba efanayo ubude ezinhlangothini ezihlukene.
3. Chaza umbuthano mayelana parallelogram kungaba uma engeli yayo.
4. Masingasuki umbuthano parallelogram kungaba uma zonke izinhlangothi zalo bayalingana, okungukuthi, kuba rhombus.
5. Yakha umbuthano ngokusebenzisa emakhoneni trapezoid kungaba kuphela uma kuba isosceles. Nokho, maphakathi umbuthano circumscribed itholakala ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo eksisi wesimethri we quadrilateral futhi imidiyeni perpendicular badonsekela ohlangothini.