Siyini isisekelo. Umlando. Temdzabu. ucwaningo lwesayensi

Siyini isisekelo ngekwesimongcondvo zomlando? Ukutadisha umlando ngokwako kusikisela ukuthi sizama ukubheka ku umsuka yimuphi umcimbi. Umbuzo kuyini ngesisekelo kuzo, ngokuvamile singakwazi ngempela isethwe esikhathini ukuhlola sanoma yisiphi inqubo zomlando. Inhloso yale cwaningo kungaba noma yini: idolobha, isifunda, amakhosi bobukhosi, imisebenzi kahulumeni, noma ngisho izakhiwo ngabanye. Konke lenesicalo futhi udale preconditions. Nokho, maqondana izakhiwo abalulekile wadala babe ngumsebenzi wezandla zomuntu, ngokuvamile ukubizwa ngokuthi ekuqaleni isizinda. Lokhu kungenxa ngokuyinhloko yokuthi ukudalwa isakhiwo esinjalo (lapha ngezansi njengesibonelo salokhu umuzi) kancane isenzo kanyekanye. Kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwamukelwa. Futhi nje esisemthethweni sokudalwa, cuphuluza indoda, ngokuthi base.

Siyini isisekelo? Folk yezinganekwane

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phansi okunjalo emadolobheni ungaba izici zabo. Ngokwesibonelo, endabeni amaningi asendulo nemicikilisho emadolobheni medieval bodokotela umlando khona yawo yangempela kulahleka. Futhi base yabo ochazwa yetinsita enhle. Sparta, Athens, iBhabhiloni, eRoma kusho abashisekeli zayo nge igama ukuxhuma ekuqaleni edolobheni. Ngakho, isisekelo waseRoma uchaza legend laba bazalwane ababili, kukaRomulus futhi Remus, okwathi ngemva umkhulu wabo wagudluzwa uvela esihlalweni sobukhosi Alba Longa, kwabekelwa emfuleni Tiber. Ukuthenga abanezingane ezweni eRoma esizayo. Izingane ukusinda wasiza impisi, kamuva elaba uphawu komuzi. Futhi kamuva bathola umalusi Faustulus osekhulise izingane. abadala Romul mina iNsalela wabuyela Alba Longa nobulungisa. Bese saqala bezama ukumisa settlement entsha phezu loMfula Tiber. Nokho, kwavela futhi impikiswano phakathi kwabo kokuthi ngumuphi umuntu amagquma ofanele kakhulu lokhu. Esikhathini eshubile kukaRomulus wabulala Remus, kodwa ngasemuva yaguquka Senzo yakhe, okuthiwa edolobheni behlonipha umfowabo.

izindaba ezifanayo eziningi omuzi wasendulo. Ngokusho yetinsita ukuzalwa Kiev Andrey Pervozvanny wabikezela ukuthi ngemva eshumayela Sinope futhi Trebizond wabuyela eRoma eMfuleni Dnieper, futhi sebefike endaweni ababezolala kuyo ebusuku eduze amabhange inamagquma, kanyekanye babikezela ukuthi kuyovela khona umuzi okusagolide oluyingungu.

Siyini isisekelo? ucwaningo lwesayensi

Nokho, kunezinye izibonelo emadolobheni kabani umlando ngokuba ezithile ezaziwayo. Ngakho, ekusungulweni Petersburg wayekade isikhathi eduze usuku, izindaba ezintsha. Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho kwanqunywa ukudala amadolobha ukugubha iphepha zabo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, ukushicilela izincwadi zikahulumeni elawula isimo nemizana (ukwakhiwa inqaba emngceleni ke noma umuzi ngokwawo) nokunye. Ngenxa ukudalwa okufanayo Petersburg has usuku oluthé ngqo futhi elingenakuphikwa: kuyaziwa ukuthi le nqaba sokuqala itshe ngo-May 16, 1703. Futhi usuku imakwe okunjalo emadolobheni amaningi wadala ngesikhathi usumisiwe imibhalo yesimanje imicimbi nokubhala izindaba. Nakuba kufanele licaciswe ukuthi usuku isisekelo emadolobheni amaningi ngokuvamile itholakala sphere mlando zendawo mpikiswano. Nalapha futhi, ngenxa yokuthi lokhu phansi kwakungekho isenzo besikhashana. Ngakho, ekuqaleni emzini Kharkiv has a izinsuku ezimbalwa: kusukela ekwakhiweni waleyo nqaba stockade ngowokuqala isimemezelo senkosi ku bhunga amalungelo edolobheni. Umlando lamadolobha amadala kakhulu ngenhla kubuye kuncike ucwaningo. It is Nokho, ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe endaweni abavubukuli uyakwazi zobuciko kanye nemvelo nenhlabathi ejulile abakuthola zazo, kunqunywe ukuthi lamalokishi lokuqala leminyaka kuze kube amahlanu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi emashumini.