Okuxoxwa - ithuluzi kokhetho yimpumelelo

umcimbi okuxoxwa okungukuthi, kokuba ikhono umfundi nesithakazelo (umbukeli noma isilaleli) ewubuciko noma lokho elikushoyo. Futhi, lo mqondo ngesikhathi zokuxhumana ngomlomo kungaba ekhulunywe isenzakalo esithile.

Okuxoxwa elakheka ngaphakathi ubuchwepheshe zezombusazwe ukufakwa phakathi imvelo yezenhlalakahle ulwazi ezingase zithinte umbono womphakathi ezindabeni ezithile ezibangelwa.

Ngaphambi "nesi- nyathelo 'isilaleli noma umfundi, umcimbi kungenziwa waqaphela Imininingwane isikhathi, kuyothi, okokuqala, nentshisekelo abezindaba. Yingakho angase isiqephu ezihlobene ezimbili isigaba imodeli yokuxhumana.

Kunezici ezintathu eziyinhloko ezivumela ukwaba sehlo phakathi kokunye:

- kulapho ngezifiso umcimbi, aba maningi amathuba ke phakathi kwezinye analogue kufanele kusetshenziswe njengoncedo izindaba;

- Izikhulu elite noma phezulu inkampani ihlale ekhulunywe ezindabeni;

- inani elikhulu ezingezinhle eziqukethwe umcimbi, futhi kwandisa amathuba okuphathwa ukuguqulwa yayo ku izindaba.

Okuxoxwa wadala ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi ezithize. Esinye isibonelo ukudalwa izenzakalo ezinjalo iyiphi ukhetho. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele umgamu wawo. Lapho kusungulwa abancane eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. abameleli Abezindaba azi kahle ukuthi lesi sikhathi - isikhathi ukwenza imali. Ngaphandle ethile mass abezindaba zingalawulwa by Umphikisi. Zako kungenye indaba uma isikhathi Imininingwane - kuba yinoma yisiphi embukisweni ihlelwe ikhandidethi. Ukungazinaki umcimbi enjalo ayinakwenzeka - kungenzeka ukugxeka noma ayasabela hlangothi, kodwa akuyona into engenakwenzeka ukuthola.

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, imodeli ezimbili isigaba yokuxhumana kunqunywa isikhathi ulwazi. Kulokhu, eThemini ejwayelekile kwatholakala American P. Lazarsfeld, wahlanganyela esifundweni abezindaba ukuchayeka abafundi, abalaleli noma izibukeli ku-yalolucwaningo 40 XX leminyaka.

Ngesisekelo theory ezihlongozwayo inhlolovo Imiphumela babekwa kwezinto, eyabonisa ukuthi ngemva ukuthumela umyalezo othize mayelana nomsebenzi sabantu ke benanela ngemva kwamasonto amabili ukusakaza yayo, kuka ngokushesha emva kokukhishwa kwesaziso. Ngokuhamba kuphenyisiswe kwaba sobala isizathu isimo. Iqiniso lokuthi abantu ngemva kokuthola wabe ukuxoxisana ngayo okuthiwa "abaholi umbono", okusho abantu abanegunya elithile emibuthanweni yabo. Kulokhu, ukwanda usukela hhayi kuphela Ukusabalala, kodwa futhi ngezinga ithonya ezilethwa umyalezo izilaleli.

Ngale ndlela, i-imodeli ezimbili isigaba yokuxhumana futhi aphume isigaba olulodwa ahamba. imodeli Single-esiteji libhekene kuphela yokudlulisa ulwazi, futhi ezimbili isigaba - umphumela yokudlulisa.

Lezi zifundo ezilandelayo okwenziwa eJalimane baye babonisa indima ebalulekile abaholi nombono azosebenzisa abezindaba. Ngokuvamile, zingabantu asebenzayo abaholi bomphakathi. Ukusekelwa okukhulu kwemithombo yezindaba ku laba bantu neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni phambili yokukhulumisana futhi ukuxhumana nomphakathi osuvele ukhona, futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ashibhile kuka ukudala entsha imigudu yokuxhumana.

A indima ebalulekile ikakhulukazi imodeli ezimbili isigaba yokuxhumana lapho umthengi kanye umthengi ungeyena umuntu ofanayo. Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza yokukhangisa kufanele kube wadala inani izenzakalo ezingase zithinte isinqumo ukuthola kunokuba ikhasimende.