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Smolny sezindela - ekudalweni okhazimulayo wizadi brilliant

Nakuba besizukulwane esasiphila wafunda ezikoleni Soviet, Smolny Sezindela, noma nje "Smolny", ke okuzohlobana ne-V I. Leninym. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi emlandweni lokhu Ensemble yezakhiwo ikhasi ezihlobene iminyaka 1917-1918 kuyoba bhá. Futhi ezinsukwini ezilandelayo kwalezi zenzakalo, le ebanga usizi kunazo zonke. Ngaphandle kwawo, lo Smolny Sezindela Rastrelli babeyohlala esisodwa nje imisebenzi eminingi kakhulu wezakhiwo ekhaliphile.

Igama ikheli

kakhulu Umlando umsuka Isigodlo gama ngempela ezithakazelisayo, kanye cishe njalo into Petersburg. kule ndawo kwaba indawo esemngceleni phambi ukuvelela enhlokodolobha enyakatho. Ngo Spasovschina ngomzana, ngokushesha nje lapho abaseSweden eyakhelwe ebhange obuhlukile Nienschanz inqaba kule ndawo lakhiwa a Fort Sabina. Shipyard Admiralty - sezakhiwo lokuqala abasafufusa yedolobha inqaba. Kwakungenxa izidingo zakhe futhi lakha Tar egcekeni. Beka ngoba igama elifanelekayo lajwayeleka. Smolny Sezindela ezivukayo lapha kamuva, kanye nenani elikhulu lezinto igama layo iqukethe ikheli indawo yayo siqu futhi ... nengxenye ethile yomlando.

Uyokwanelisa isifiso sabo iNdlovukazi - umthetho

Umqondo ukuvela Isigodlo kungokwalabo iNdlovukazi Elizabeth, ngubani kusengaphambili ukhathazwa ngobudala bayo. Wayefuna sokuthula nokuzola, futhi konke lokhu kwenzeka ngendlela enokwethenjelwa ukuqinisekisa Isigodlo, wayeya abe indlovukazi abbess. Kodwa ukuzila okunzima indlela wezindela ukuphila wayengamenywanga nomqondo ukuguga bajabule, futhi Isigodlo Smolny enikeziwe okuningi okufana boarding school for yilezozintombi wohlanga. Ngokwemvelo, induduzo Ukuhlala sasiqinisekiswe yimiphi abafundi 120. Ngalinye kokuba efulethini ehlukile nazo zonke izinsiza ezidingekayo - uhlobo ahlukene, efulethini ukhululekile. Ngesikhathi abbess esifanayo kwaba ukuba indlu ehlukene.

nomklami oyinhloko Petersburg

Kukhethwa indawo - intela eminyakeni abasha abasichitha the Smolny Palace (igama wesibili Ntombazane), e uhlobo ejele, ngomyalo wabaholi Anny Ioannovny.

Francesco Rastrelli, indodana ka odumile uCharles Rastrelli, ngaleso sikhathi kulesi sikhundla ka nomklami oyinhloko Petersburg. Wayefundiswe ukwakha Uvuko Novodevichy Sezindela. Ngo 1744, umakhi brilliant aklame inguqulo entsha ngokuphelele into isiko, okuyinto, kanye izakhiwo ezizungezile isibe into entsha bokwakha isonto.

Lasekuqaleni indlela

Into ebaluleke kakhulu lolwehlukanisa kwaba ukungabi oluphelele kocingo itshe. Lokhu kwaba ibhekisela yokuthi lesikhungo ngeke sezindela ivaliwe, lokusho renunciation Imininingwane zokuphila, futhi kuyoba, kunalokho, isikhungo semfundo ephakeme i-ladies highborn. Ngo 1748 itshe lokuqala sase sibekiwe. Lo mkhosi yahanjelwa iNdlovukazi. Rastrelli sika Smolny Sezindela isiba sezakhiwo ebaluleke kakhulu kuleli zwe.

Olden khona

Kodwa izifiso zabesifazane kukhona oluyingozi. Futhi iNdlovukazi esefisela kulapho. Futhi manje, 1849, i-okusalungiswa kokuqala redesigns. Okokuqala, sehliselwe ubukhulu nesizotha wendawo isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi, okuyinto Rastrelli 140 amamitha eliphezulu futhi okweqa uPetru noPawulu belfry. Ngo iphrojekthi entsha, zikhona izici ubudala zezindela Russian. Ikakhulukazi, ubonelela domes: central - esikhulu omkhulu - ezungezwe ezincane ezine.

ukwakhiwa kwekhulu

A Ensemble entsha Smolny Sezindela, semali imali kanye nomsebenzi. Ngo 1754 isihloko kwafika u-Elisabethe. Akubona kwashaqisa kangangokuthi ngokushesha ubanjwe gigantomania futhi yayala ngesizukulwana sabo uphonse insimbi ukuthi ngabe wabangisa le Tsar Bell - Ubukhulu lawo akha 6.5 amamitha ububanzi, ngabe kulinganiswe nokulinganiswa 20,000 amakhilogremu. Kodwa iNdlovukazi bafe ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele yokwahlukaniselwa onesizotha. Smolny Sezindela ukhohlwe.

nakangaka ukhohlwe

Eminyakeni emihlanu akuyona kwenziwe noma yimuphi umsebenzi. Ngaphandle domes nemibhoshongo insimbi, lemva eziyinkimbinkimbi igcwele legends amnyama. Impi yengcebo ezazihlupha, uCatherine II, le Rastrelli kususa nebhizinisi. Sekuphele iminyaka eyishumi, bethabathela kominyaka imashumi 1785 kuya 1795, umsebenzi uqhutshwa ke eba yiqhwa. Futhi uma kwakungenzeka akuvelanga nge obhekwe entsha Empress Sikhungo Society for amantombazane kusuka imikhaya ezihloniphekayo, okwadingeka bephila ndawana-thile, Smolny Sezindela Petersburg babeyohlala engaphiwanga - kwakukhona izindelakazi 20 kuphela.

Njengoba sekunama uPawulu "amantombazane yizicukuthwane" ( "smolyanok" noma, njengoba amaphayona ayebizwa kanjalo) evicted ukuze kuxazululwe phezu singenamuntu indawo abafelokazi. Ngokusobala, kukhona izakhiwo ezinjalo, lapho, naphezu ubuhle babo, umuntu akakwazi ukufudumeza indawo.

kwavela umnikazi

igcwaliswe ngokuphelele ukwakhiwa Nicholas I. baqhubeka isikhathi unprecedentedly eside - engu-87. Ukuhlela ukwakheka V P. Stasov, ngokuwina emncintiswaneni, elibuyiselwe abuyiselwe lombhishobhi iminyaka emithathu, futhi kuphela ngo-1835, lesi sakhiwo lanikezelwa. Yena waziwa ngokuthi Cathedral zonke izikhungo zemfundo. Eshukunyiswe ubuhle ngaphandle, okuyinto Smolny Sezindela (isithombe ufakazi), okuyinhloko-Russian baye bazama ukwenza ingaphakathi njengabawufanelekele Rastrelli okukhulu. Leli hholo lihlotshiswe zemabula ball, crystal balustrade kanye nomsebenzi altarpiece Vasnetsov wenza Smolny Sezindela umcebo esiyingqayizivele isiko Russian. Into kuphela ukuthi ungalokothi kuphelile, umbhoshongo insimbi, okuyinto, isimiso, kube namthelela ukubukeka sesonto. Bekumnandi.

Namuhla, konke lokhu iwela endaweni

Kodwa ukuhlala kule isimo esigodlweni sezindela nanamuhla awukanikezi inguquko, ngemva kwalokho leli gugu lisetshenziswe njengethuluzi ishede. I nabo abampofu yavalwa, lidlule isuka kwesinye isandla iye; ngo-1990 isakhiwo isetshenziswa njengoba ekhonsathini futhi embukisweni ehholo.

Eyokuqala emva izikhathi eziningi kangaka womthandazo senzeka lapha kuphela ngo-2009. Kusukela ngo-2010, i- Smolny Cathedral isetshenziswa inhloso yazo - ivuliwe ngenjongo yokukhulekela. Ngo-2011, eminyakeni cishe eyikhulu kamuva, esikhathini Smolny Cathedral yayiqhutshelwa yokukhulekela Christmas.

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