Synapse kagesi kanye nezici zabo

Synapse ezikhethekile oxhumana ukusebenza, okuyinto ahlelwe phakathi amaseli abangothathekile. Bona adlulisa utjhugulule amasignali ahlukahlukene. Synapse avele ngendlela thickenings enisemikhawulweni yezinzwa. Ngosizo lwabo emsipheni amaza asakaze kumaseli umakhelwane. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-synapse kuyinto ukudluliswa intercellular Izinzwa amaza.

Ukwahlukanisa kanye nencazelo emfushane

Ngokusho uhlobo pulses akhona elixutshwe, zamakhemikhali synapse kagesi. Chemical uqhuba isignali ukudluliswa ohlangothini olulodwa zibe icacisa ke, kanye depolarize hyperpolarizes postsynaptic noma imbulunga. Ngosizo synapse chemical kwandisa plasticity e okuwuphawu, okungukuthi, umuntu inkumbulo nesivinini sokufunda. I ukuhamba kagesi okungaxhunyiwe ku-intanethi izinhlaka zokuxhumana zobuchopho ukubambezeleka, kanye isignali wenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili. ishayela ukudluliswa izimele emiphumeleni ulwelwesi presynaptic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, synapse kagesi amelana okushisa aphansi, kanye nomthelela ekhemisi. okuxubile uhlobo synapse unayo eyodwa sici. Ziyakwazi parallel zamakhemikhali mkhosi kagesi.

Kuyini synapse kagesi?

synapse wegezi - kuyinto ukwakheka intercellular ngokusebenzisa iqinisekisa ukudluliswa ishayela excitation. Le nqubo kwenzeka ngenxa ukubukeka i kagesi phakathi kweminyango emibili okuthiwa presynaptic futhi postsynaptic. Isimiso sezinzwa ezingenamgogodla has inqwaba synapse kagesi, ngesikhathi ezincelisayo cishe lapho. Kanye synapse kagesi ivamile impela phakathi kwezilwane ephakeme. Ngokuvamile, zingabantu inhliziyo, isibindi, imisipha, kanye kule epithelium nezicubu yezindlala. emfantwini izinhlaka zokuxhumana zobuchopho synapse kagesi iyincane kakhulu ukwedlula amakhemikhali. Isici esibalulekile salo lolu hlobo synapse Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi phakathi nolwelwesi pre- kanye postsynaptic khona ebhulohweni amaprotheni molecule.

Okubalulekile synapse kagesi umsebenzi uhlobo

Properties of synapse kagesi zimi kanje:

• isinyathelo ngokushesha (umsebenzi kakhulu baphakame chemical uhlobo synapse);
• eyethile trace imiphumela (summation of pulses ngokulandelana nhlobo);
• ukudluliswa onokwethenjelwa excitation;
• ductility okusezingeni eliphezulu;
• ukudlulisa komunye futhi zombili.

Izici isakhiwo

Isakhiwo imiyalezo edluliselwa ngogesi iqala ulwelwesi postsynaptic. Okulandelayo emfantwini ewumngcingo izinhlaka zokuxhumana zobuchopho, esakhiwa tubules transverse sakhiwa amaprotheni molecule. Ahambisana Naleli umqhewu itholakala ulwelwesi presynaptic. Phakathi kuyinto uqwembe ongaphambili omise izinhlaka zokuxhumana zobuchopho. Oblong isiphetho izinhlaka zokuxhumana zobuchopho - element yokugcina isakhiwo se-synapse kagesi. Ngenxa yokuba khona amaprotheni molecule iziteshi phakathi amaseli ngaphambi futhi postsynaptic, ion wezinto ezingaphili futhi yezinhlayiya ezincane kunazo ayakwazi ukuthuthela kusukela kwesinye isitokisi bazifake kwesinye. synapse okunjalo has a ukumelana aphansi kakhulu kagesi. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, lamanje isetshenziswa amaseli presynaptic postsynaptic futhi cishe ucime.

izakhiwo Specific obusebenzayo

Synapse kagesi, kukhona inombolo yezici obusebenzayo esiyingqayizivele. ukubambezeleka izinhlaka zokuxhumana zobuchopho of cishe akekho. Impulse engena esibulalayo presynaptic, bese le nqubo iqale kabusha ezingaba ngokushesha postsynaptic. Isikhawu phakathi lezi zenzo sishoda. synapse agesi ahlinzeke inqubo yokudlulisela kuphela - of excitation. Kulesi hlobo synapse ubambe zamazwe amabili naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngenxa izici Umqhubi stereometric kwelinye direction kakhulu kahle. Kunezici ezihlukahlukene (kwemithi, ezishisayo, njll) kufanele cishe akukho ukusebenza ngomhla ka-synapse yohlobo kagesi.

Kangakanani injabulo synapse kagesi? Izinyathelo inqubo

Ukuqhuba ensimini (PD) - umsebenzi main ithatha synapse kagesi. Mshini yale nqubo kufana PDP synapse e yezinzwa. Lapho excitation sekuqalile ukuba ukuqhuba isinyathelo ukuthuthukiswa, kushintsha icala liqala ulwelwesi presynaptic. Ngenxa yalokho, i kagesi, esithinta ulwelwesi postsynaptic, abakucasulayo-ke futhi eyenza ukukhiqiza PD. Conduction ka excitation ku synapse kagesi kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi inqubo bokuphila ukuthi kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana. ulwelwesi Presynaptic wenza ekuguquleni ishayela kagesi ukuze le acid, siya ku ipuleti postsynaptic futhi bangena uphawu lukagesi.

Ezinye ukukhubazeka ku synapse kagesi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi synapse kagesi afeze inqubo kahle elula lokudluliselwa excitation, banayo ezinye amaphutha amakhulu. Futhi sisole ngemibono yezenzo zabo. I kungenzeka ukudluliswa ngqo ezikude amaseli injabulo lapho. amaseli Pre futhi postsynaptic axhunyiwe synapse uhlobo kagesi, zihlale ku excitation efanayo. braking ukubukeka engenakwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho labo bonke kwamaphutha ngenhla ebuchosheni kwezinsana kungqubuzana eziningi synapse kagesi, kuyilapho kubantu abadala abasakwazi ambalwa e-retina esweni, isiqu ubuchopho kanye izimpande apharathasi vestibular.

Ofanayo, kodwa ngesimo indlela zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo excitation kuwumphumela izifo okuyizinto ezihlobene ukonakala nemingcele Axon. Ngenxa yalokho, inqubo excitation "kuzuba" komunye Axon, okungase kuholele ekubeni uthunyelelwe ukuzwa zamanga. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubukeka lokujabulela ubuhlungu, naphezu Ukushiywa neuropathy zobuhlungu kungenzeka ngenxa "Uhobhane" excitation.