Trams Modern eMoscow Petersburg

Ngaphambi uqale thina indaba yethu, ungivumele ukuhlehlela emuva kancane kusukela isihloko ubuye ukhumbule izincwadi, okungukuthi umkhiqizo wayeyisazi Mihaila Afanasevicha Bulgakova. Ake uzibone ukulesi alley ku Ponds Umbhishobhi sika , usheshe uhlale phansi eduze amabhentshi lapho ukubeka abantu abathathu uxoxa inkanuko ... Ngo umbuzo ongaziwa alien ukuthi Mikhail Berlioz hlangana nabo ozokwenza lokho kusihlwa, usihlalo Massolit wathi ukuthi bazobamba iqhaza emhlanganweni.

, этого никак быть не может , — твердо возразил иностранец . "- Cha, ngale ndlela akukwazi, - uthe ngokuqinile owezizwe.
Это почему ? - Kwenziwa yini lokho?
Потому , — ответил иностранец ... — что Аннушка уже купила подсолнечное масло , и не только купила , но даже и разлила . - Ngoba, - uthe alien ... - Anna isivele wathenga amafutha sunflower, futhi hhayi kuphela wathenga, kodwa ngisho wathela. что заседание не состоится ». Ngakho ukuthi umhlangano akuthathi indawo. "

Yiqiniso, Berlioz wahlabeka umxhwele, kodwa ukuqonda ukuthi yini u-Ana eziyihlazo, wayengekho ukwazi. Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, kusale Woland nomngane wakhe, imbongi Homeless ebhentshini, Mihail Aleksandrovich wayahlangabeza wakhe, njengoba kamuva kwacaca ukuthi ube predetermined PHETHO! ... Khona-ke kwaqala lonke uchungechunge lwezenzakalo Amazing ezichazwe inoveli i- Bulgakov sika.

Namuhla ku Hlanza Ponds ungahlangana tram emangalisayo oqhubeka igama Annushki enganakiwe waba nendima ebulalayo. trams Modern ukuthi romp ngokusebenzisa komzila Russia nezwe, yebo, yokuwuthola "Annushka" isivinini nenduduzo, kodwa, abe anaka ezokuthutha engavamile, siyodumisa kanye nokunakekelwa ke.

Ezinye izimo design eshaya, okumangalisayo izixazululo ubunjiniyela, isivinini. Izakhamizi ngokuvamile besebenzisa izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi, ukujwayela novelties kanye izivakashi ngezinye izikhathi wenza kwakuhlala isikhathi eside. Yiziphi, trams zanamuhla? Ingabe bamazi abaholi?

Kulabo ungathandi isiminyaminya

Inkinga isiminyaminya iyasebenza namuhla, hhayi nje ngobe amadolobha, kodwa nezalo emadolobheni amancane yesifundazwe. Ngo rush ihora umgwaqo ogcwele kakhulu ukuze okuvela ngenakugwemeka ukuminyana. Emazweni ahlukahlukene le nkinga uzamile njalo ukuxazulula ezihlukahlukene: ukufuna ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ukwakha amathrekhi ezengeziwe, uzama popularize ezokuthutha zomphakathi. Leli phayona ibhasi. Nokho, kwacaca ukuthi ngokushesha ukuthi uthola esiminyaminyeni sezimoto, okungenani "izimoto kukhona." Kodwa-tram ayikwazanga ukuqeda izinkinga ezinjalo, ngoba ngobuningi ipheshana egobhoza endleleni, esikhundleni ngqo kuso. Ngakho, i-tram lalingabulawa kalula lushelele esidlule amakhilomitha amaningi isiminyaminya, kuyilapho amabhasi Sibona bese wabayisa iqhaza yokwenziwa efanayo, kanye nezimoto ezithwala.

Lokhu kuye kwaholela sesimanje kanye nentuthuko. Emazweni amaningi emhlabeni ukwenziwa trams zanamuhla kubhejwa omkhulu. Russia kuyingxenye kwesiyingi amazwe ezama ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa ayo futhi ngokwengxenye ukuthenga izimoto phesheya. Namuhla, trams yesimanje romp emadolobheni amaningi ezinkulu Russian Federation.

Indlela ekupheleleni

Lapho namakalishi encane tram ayebekwa ezinyakazayo ngosizo amahhashi, iningi la. Ngisho ingoma "tram High-speed" wabeka esibonga abagibeli ihhashi trailer. Inqubekela akukhulumile, futhi motor kagesi agxishiwe wenqola. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kufika trams wokuqala kagesi. Kwakumelwe futhi ijubane noma induduzo ezingeni ekhethekile, futhi ekugcineni Limiselelwe zokuthutha kuwusizo kakhudlwana - ibhasi. ESoviet Union kwathiwa evamile ukuthi isihloko tram uye ukhathele uqobo ngokuphelele. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, lokhu ezokuthutha kungabonwa emadolobheni amaningi yesifundazwe kanye nezikhungo ngisho yesifunda, kodwa ngisho ke kwaba khona isikhathi kwemishini. E-West, Okwamanje, sihlangabezane ekuvuselelweni wangempela tram. Ngokwesibonelo, phezu izitaladi zaseNew York ngaleso sikhathi kakade bentanta ukukhanya wesitimela yesimanje, okuyinto ningagudluzwa phezu komzila kanye entambeni welulela, efana funicular.

Russia waphinda yabhekisela ngale ndlela ukunyakaza ekuqaleni kwekhulu entsha. Namuhla, ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha ethuthuka ngokushesha. Ngokwesibonelo, e Volgograd agudle yesimanje ukukhanya wesitimela ezidlula phansi, efana ongaphansi komhlaba. Ngo Magnitogorsk, yawenza phelelisa tram bendabuko. Peter has inethiwekhi esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia izindlela futhi i imikhumbi umxhwele. Futhi emigwaqweni inhlokodolobha luhamba trams bekhululeke kakhudlwana ezingaba ezidla isihloko lamadolobha esimanjemanje kakhulu emhlabeni.

Inkinga floor ongaphakeme

Ngo ukuthuthukiswa yesimanje zokuthutha design sici inkinga eyinhloko wahlala eside isikhathi ukugijima, ngenxa lapho tram phansi kwakuqinile ngempela eliphezulu. Akukona nje indaba enduduzo abagibeli, njengoba kungase kubonakale efika kuqala. Ukuba khona izinyathelo zibulale kokwehla kokwehla isivinini, ikakhulukazi kubambezela lokhu isici asebekhulile, abantu imithwalo, izingane, nabantu abakhubazekile. Lokhu overloads inethiwekhi iyonke.

Ukubhekana nale nkinga abaklami wazama ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa ekugcineni ukuxazulula inkinga uvumele ukubuyekeza egcwele chassis Kudivayisi kuphela. Ingxenye izingxenye kanye izingxenye iyiswe ophahleni.

trams Polish "Pesa" - ikakhulukazi eRussia

Ingxenye enkulu trams entsha, okuyinto namuhla bakhonza imigwaqo isiRashiya, uthenge phesheya. Pesa isitshalo Polish, etholakala emzini Bydgoszcz, ikakhulukazi eRussia oluqalisa onobuhle ezintathu trams, "Foxtrot", "Krakowiak" futhi "Jazz". Ngaphezu onobuhle ezivamile endlwaneni eyakhiwe olulodwa, Poland eletha ngisho Shuttle ukuthi angaya zombili izinkomba. Okwamanje esunguliwe nokubambisana nomkhiqizi basePoland isitshalo Ural lapho trams entsha uzobe kukhiqizwa ngokushesha.

Russian-R1

Kancane kancane ngcono ukukhiqiza lalo. I-tram eziningi zalezi zinsuku, okuyinto izotholakala ngokukhangisa Russia emakethe yasekhaya, okukhulunywe Russia Omunye, noma u-R1. It has onamakamelo amabili, ongaphakeme-phansi, design ultra-yanamuhla Futuristic kanye gumbi ukhululekile. Okwamanje, "Uralvagonzavod" Wethule-prototype ye iphayiphi entsha ezokuthutha izozuza ngesikhathi esifushane.

Umenzi lithembisa ukuthi trams serial kuzohluka kusukela sibonelo ngoba akukho kuka amaphesenti ambalwa. Namuhla, izazi zithi le ethile kuphela iyona amancane umthamo salon kunjiniyela - izihlalo ukhululekile futhi SOFAS lingahlala abantu 28 kuphela (abahlezi). Kodwa mhlawumbe liyakhula inani lezihlalo futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngeke ihlonipha amasampula serial kusukela sibonelo.

trams Modern inhlokodolobha

Tram edepho eMoscow uqhosha onobuhle eziningana imoto yesimanje, akusho bavume ukuba ukuthutha eYurophu nase-US. tram Modern eMoscow - lokhu akulona nje into yesikhashana, kodwa kudingekile ngenxa isiminyaminya ngesilinganiso.

Kanye tram Polish emigwaqweni inhlokodolobha luhamba ezokuthutha bavela zokuthutha "Uralvagonzavod". Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, izinhlanzi ama-Metropolitan Ipaki agcwaliswa nge imishini eziningana ezintsha, kodwa kuphela kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka sihlelelwe ukuphakela 120 trams zesimanje zokukhiqiza yasekhaya.

Ezokuthutha kaMasipala Petersburg

Northern Capital, ecebile zakudala futhi izikhumbuzo zomlando, ezidumile futhi mlando njengoba trams. UPetru bevakashile kakhulu, njengoba i ultra-ezintsha kanye vintage. Abanye kuphela uhambo imizila, bona iphuma izivakashi izindawo zomlando Petersburg.

Okunye okuphawulekayo yilokho yokuthi tram yesimanje Petersburg ungahlangana hhayi kuphela isikhungo kodwa futhi edolobheni. Ngokwesibonelo, emaphethelweni eningizimu-ntshonalanga amanga inombolo umzila 56. Ikhishwa inkampani French "Alstom" ezokuthutha iyahlangabezana nezidingo yakamuva abuye abheke isizinda Petersburg landscape njengomuntu mkhathi.

I trams esiyinqaba eRussia futhi ezingozini zezimoto emhlabeni wonke

Ngaphandle umsebenzi esisobala abagibeli, trams futhi ngezinye izikhathi senze izindima neze. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-Milan, ungavakashela tram-sauna. Yiqiniso, lokhu isikhungo ugibele azungeze umuzi, futhi efakwe unaphakade. ENetherlands, kukhona tram-ehhotela, okuyinto namakalishi ibe indawo yokuhlala ntofontofo. Hungary inama isakhiwo ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni - nobude bawo 52 amamitha.

lekubukana nemfundzi ngamunye, trams cafe. Sekuyisikhathi eside Omunye wabo yabakhanga zezivakashi e Lviv. Nokho, "u-Ana", ngokungafani kuya iningi kulezi zikhungo kungukuthi kubutsela uthuli induduzo epaki futhi ugibele on umzila. imenyu yayo ingaphakathi kanye, njengoba kungase kulindeleke, ubheke izwe elimangalisayo amanoveli Bulgakov sika.