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U-Elizabeth Tudor 1: Biography, inqubomgomo ezifuywayo angaphandle. Faka 1 U-Elizabeth Tudor kwezombangazwe. Ubani obusa emva 1 U-Elizabeth Tudor?

1 U-Elizabeth Tudor (iminyaka yokuphila - 1533-1603) - Queen of England, ogama imisebenzi neqhaza ekwakhekeni umfanekiso-Golden Age. Kukholakala ukuthi siyishaye ebhodini yayo. Ezifuywayo angaphandle Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 unothile kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa kokubusa kwakhe, Uyoletha biography yakhe. Uyazi, sasinjani Tudor Elizabeth 1 kwezombangazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizobe ukusho amazwi ambalwa ngokuthi ubani obusa ngemva kwalo.

Umsuka Elizabeth

Indlovukazi esizayo wazalwa ngo-Greenwich Palace, etholakala e-London namuhla. Lona umcimbi kubalulekile izwe 7 Septhemba 1533. Uyise wayengumGreki uHenry VIII Elizabeth, King of England, nomama - Anne Boleyn. Lona wesifazane wayesekhulile impela wasendlini udumo phambi unkosikazi wokuqala uHenry. Ukuze ukumshada, yena wahlukanisa nomkakhe Ekaterinoy Aragonskoy, ongakwazanga amnike ingakabi nayo indlalifa, futhi kwaphuma ngaphansi igunya likapapa. Ngo-1534 uHenry VIII wathi inhloko yesonto ngesiNgisi. Anne Boleyn (ngezansi ekumeni kwalo noHenry) ngoMeyi 1536 abulawa, isola zakhe zokuphinga. Kodwa iphutha wangempela kowesifazane ubengakwazi ukunikeza ibelethe indodana, uHenry, indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi.

Ukudalelwa Elizabeth ngesikhathi kubusa u-Edward VI

Elizabeth esikhathini phakathi kokufa kukayise, owenzeka ngo-1547, futhi ukubusa kwakhe siqu isihlalo sobukhosi sasinovulanda zidlule kulesi sibhicongo, okuyinto, Yebo, njengoba kubonakala kula uhlamvu yayo. Phakathi nokubusa Edward VI, wakhe half-brother, owayebusa kusuka 1547 kuze 1553, i-Queen esizayo kwaba engazi ahileleke ugobe, iNkosi u-Admiral Thomas Seymour. Enomona Eduardu Seymuru, umfowabo, ngubani phakathi bayingcosana-Edward VI kwaba umvikeli zombuso, Thomas isinyathelo izikhathi budedengu eziningana. Lezi zenzo ikhohliswa ngokuthi ukuthi unezinto okwesikhathi etat Ukuketulwa. Uhlelo Thomas washada Elizabeth baba phezulu ukungakhathali. Groom kuhlulekile ngoJanuwari 1549 bafakwe esitokisini.

Phakathi nokubusa Mary Mina no-Elizabeth sika isiphetho

Phakathi nokubusa kukaMary I Tudor, ie ngesikhathi kusuka 1553 kuze 1558, u-Elizabeth hung phezu ingozi enkulu. Mary iza isigamu-udadewabo indlovukazi esizayo. Lapho uHenry ohlukanisile Catherine, nonina, wayesenguFakazi e omdala ngokwanele ukuba uqaphele namahloni ahambisana nakho. Maria waba okweqile Katolika, wenziwa uzwela proispanskih futhi ngentukuthelo ebangelwe yilokhu indodakazi Anny Boleyn.

Ngemva kokuthatha isihlalo sobukhosi, Maria wadlala lomshado kuFiliphu, owayenguyise indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi yaseSpain. Lokhu kuye kwaholela inombolo enkulu iziza. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kubo kubhekwe njengento umcimbi ekuhlubukeni Januwari 1554 Thomas Wyatt sika. Nakuba kusobala ukuthi Elizabeth wesulile esikhundleni sakhe enkolweni yamaKatolika, futhi yethulwa kuleli isimo, amaProthestani akazange adele ukulinga ukubeka amathemba abo babe naye. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuba khona kwaba usongo Elizabeth Mary (portrait yakhe eboniswe ngezansi).

Indlovukazi esizayo nangemva kwako Wyatt waboshwa bese ibekwa Tower. Elapho kwadingeka achithe izinyanga 2. Elizabeth ke ngonyaka bekulokhu egadiwe e Woodstock, etholakala eduze Oxford.

Ukungena okwakufanele abe inkosi. Umbuzo isakhiwo isonto

1 Tudor Elizabeth ethathe ubukhosi Novemba 1558 17. Emhlanganweni wePhalamende, aphethwe ngoJanuwari ngonyaka ozayo, kwaphakama umbuzo mayelana nesakhiwo isonto. The Queen wayekulungele behlukanisiwe lopapa baseRoma nasemasontweni iSonto LaseSheshi, kodwa nakwezinye izici ukuthi uzosithatha isinyathelo umoya ngoludala, ngokukhulu ukucophelela. I House of Commons wakhuluma ngesidingo okwesikhathi kwekuhlela kabusha ezinkulu futhi ayekethise. Elizabeth ukhetha inhlangano isonto Episcopal futhi inkonzo, bamukela okuthiwa ephezulu isonto. Ekugcineni, ukusilela yathinteka, ebizwa ngokuthi nge abezindaba, okuyinto elihunyushwe esuka Latin kusho "indlela phakathi." Elizabeth kwekuhlela kabusha ezikhonjwe izici iSonto LaseSheshi, okuyinto eziye zalondolozwa kuze kube manje. Noma kunjalo, emenza Ukunganeliseki namaProthestani, namaKatolika.

Umbuzo ka-ngokulandelana

EPhalamende, kanye nezikhulu zikahulumeni babekhathazekile esizayo amaProtestani kuleli zwe. Iqiniso lokuthi Queen Elizabeth 1 Tudor zokugcina Tudor lwamakhosi. Njengoba yezakhi zezombusazwe yokwenza esikuthandayo nokuzikhethela kuye kwaholela yokuthi wahlala kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe bona abe sidisi. AmaProthestani ungafuni ukuvumela lamaKatolika sobukhosi. Kodwa uMariya Stuart, Indlovukazi Scots, ngubani unelungelo umqhele England, nje yamaKatolika. Empeleni, u-Elizabeth eyedwa. It isinqumo sokuhlehlisa umbuzo ngokulandelana. It waqinisekisa ngokunemba we eside sokubusa (cishe 45 iminyaka). Nokho, inkani Queen okokuqala kwaholela igqubu kwi ingxenye ePhalamende, kanye ohlangothini abeluleki abaseduze. Lokhu kwakufaneleka ikakhulukazi nobuntu 1566.

Ubudlelwano of England ne-Scotland

Kuqhame ngalesi sikhathi aphume ubudlelwane eNgilandi eScotland, lapho e 1559 ngokushesha wagomela uqobo kuqala inkathi yeziNguquko esontweni. Wawunamafutha ukuvukela kwabantu ibamba isiFulentshi, Marii Giz, abusa ogama lakhe linguMariya Stuart, indodakazi yakhe. UMariya Giz kwaba ngaleso sikhathi njengombusi waleli eScotland umfazi King of France. Ukuze lezo zihlubuki zazishaye phansi akwazi wokukhipha French ezivela ezweni, kwathatha ukungenela Elizabeth. Ngo 1562 futhi isikhathi eside ngemva kwalokho Queen wangenela kwezombangazwe zangaphakathi yeFrance. Yena asekelwe eyisihlubuki YamaProthestani (Huguenot) party. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, u-Elizabeth wasekela amaProthestani eNetherlands, owakhuluma ngokumelene King of Spain uPhilip II.

Ubudlelwane kanye noMariya uStuart

Ngo 1561, wafa François II, umyeni kaMariya uStuart. Ngemva kwalokhu Mary abuyela ezweni lawo. Yaqala ngezindlela eziningi emlandweni impikiswano futhi eyinkimbinkimbi ubuhlobo Elizabeth wakhe. Ngokungafani yokugcina, Maria kwakungelona sikahulumeni. Wagudluzwa ngemva kokubulawa Genriha Styuarta, nomkakhe wesibili. Mary waboshwa, kodwa wakwazi ukubaleka. Walahlekelwa kubaphikisi owabahlula amabutho akhe, bese bagcina eNgilandi, wawela umngcele.

Waboshwa ngo-May 1568 ukufika uStuart England kwadala izinkinga ngenxa Heroine kwalesi sihloko. 1 U-Elizabeth Tudor kwezombangazwe kwaba esimweni esinzima. Uhulumeni equkethwe Mary eyisiboshwa, ngakho waqala ukuheha ukuphikiswa. ENgilandi, ngokushesha waqala isifo usekela, esinye sezizathu lapho kuye kwahlotshaniswa khona uStuart. Abavukeli ekupheleni 1569 ehlubuka enyakatho. Ngo-February 1570 kwaba khona kapapa kweqiwa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho 1 U-Elizabeth Tudor kwathiwa wagudluza, futhi izakhamuzi zalo baye bakhululwa isifungo Queen. AmaKatolika zaphoqeleka ukuba zibalekele phesheya. Zisekelwe sabefundisi nezwekazi etholwe lapho kumiswa wenyusa nabafana bamaKatolika bese wathumela njengezithunywa zevangeli e-England. Injongo lopapa kwaba asuse Elizabeth ngosizo iqembu isiFulentshi sama kanye neziphathimandla zezwe of Spain. Esihlalweni sobukhosi ukuthi bahlela ukwakha Mary uStuart.

EPhalamende nongqongqoshe Queen zaqala ukuba zitshele imithetho eziqinile amaKatolika, ikakhulukazi izithunywa zevangeli. Uzungu Ridolfi ngokumelene Elizabeth litholakala ngo-1572. Kwaba bazibandakanye noMariya uStuart. Ngemva walolu zungu ongqongqoshe abasephalamende yafuna ukuba amangalele noMariya umbuso. Nokho, u-Elizabeth wanquma ukungenelela, ngakho ukuqiniseka awenzekanga. Lapho izwi lesinqumo ukuphuca Stewart ilungelo esihlalweni sobukhosi England, Elizabeth eziphoqelelwe ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela yakhe.

Izinhlu zamaphayona labapristi elivela emakholiji kusuka 1580 waqala ukuqinisa amaJesuit. Spain ngonyaka wayeseneminyaka yayinqoba Portugal. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, u-Elizabeth basiza wokuhlubuka Netherlands ngokumelene Spain. Lokhu, kanye ezenziwa kuphangwa British ku amakoloni Spanish zaholela ezingxabanweni.

UWilliam Thulile Murder. sivumelwano Association

Ngokushesha ngemva ngesakhiwo esiteji Throckmorton, e 1584, yabe seyaziwa ukuthi eNetherlands, owabulawa UWilliam ethulile, ngubani wayengumKatolika. IsiZulu amaProthestani ayakha lokho okuthiwa iSivumelwano Association. Umgomo wakhe kwakuwukuba ukucekwa M. Stewart esimweni kuyoba ngomzamo ku indlovukazi yawo.

Ukusekela wokuvukela Dutch. Ukubulawa Marii Styuart

Ukufa UWilliam Thulile kwaholela yokuthi ukuvukela Dutch elahlekile umholi wayo. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abantu Dutch Queen Elizabeth ukuthumela ukusiza amasosha British, elaliholwa ukuthi Graf Lester. Kwasekusithi ekupheleni kwekwindla ka-1585. Lena kokungenela sivulekile esifana isimemezelo impi.

I angaphandle Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 engenzi ivumelane wonke umuntu. Babington uzungu esiteji e 1586. Umgomo wakhe kwakuwukuba ukubulala uQueen Elizabeth kanye nokubusa uMariya. Lesi sakamuva wathatha ingxenye kuwo. Yena lakhe lathethwa khona. Ngokwe esithathwe yiPhalamende eminyakeni 1584-1585, wagwetshwa ukufa. Ekwindla ka 1586 senzeka ukubiza ephalamende imbala. Washaywa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe imfuneko ngazwilinye akabashiyi choice Elizabeth. NoMariya kwafanela bonyana baye akhiphe Februwari 8, 1587.

I-Spanish Armada

Ukufa kaMariya wakhonza njengomdala umfutho okuthiwa ibhizinisi Catholic neNgilandi. Summer-Spanish Armada e 1588 eyangena elwandle ukuze ngiphule ngoxhaxha IsiZulu bamboza ukufika ogwini lokhu ezweni Army Spanish. Bangaphezu kuka-8 amahora impi ewumnqamula-juqu saba side kangakanani. Armada Invincible ngenxa ke washaywa. It lahlakazeka, futhi endleleni eya eSpain ngenxa yokungathathi-kweziphepho, balahlekelwa esindayo.

Isinyathelo Spain

Nokho, impi phakathi England futhi iSpain akumelanga limenyezelwe kwaba, ludvweshu evulekile phakathi uthi baqhubeka. Henry III, inkosi yakwa-France, wabulawa 1589. Ngemva kwalokho u-Elizabeth esehudulelwa nesimo ku umsinga. INhlangano YamaKatolika yeFrance, kusekelwa Spain, baphikiswa wokubusa uHenry IV, indlalifa efanele. Uyise wayengumholi wesonto beqembu le amaHuguenot. Koroleva Elizaveta wasiza uHenry ukulwa.

Lokhu, kunqubomgomo emfushane angaphandle 1 U-Elizabeth Tudor. Ithebula Yiqiniso, busize nathi ukuze unikeze ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngamafuphi. Nokho, i-Queen kuba imisebenzi ezithakazelisayo ukuze ungafuni ukuba baphendukele le ndlela lokunikeza ulwazi. Sikholelwa ukuthi ngendlela efanayo kufanele kushiwo kanye yangaphakathi Politika Elizavety Tudor 1. Ithebula lapha izobuye ilahlekile. Okuthile kwezombangazwe sangaphakathi Queen, siye ubesemtshelile. Ubuhlobo curious kakhulu ngezikhonzi zakhe nezikhonzi. Sikunikeza ukuba simazi nabo.

Ongqongqoshe nezikhonzi Elizabeth

The Queen wabonisa ukwethembeka okukhulu ukuba nethimba lakhe, okuyinto, mhlawumbe, akazange abonise iyiphi nkosi. 1 U-Elizabeth Tudor, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako ibufakazi ubuntu kwayo okukhulu, self-wathathwa zonke izikhonzi zakhe. Uilyam Sesil kwaba ikhandidethi yokuqala. Elizabeth wancika kuye ngaphezu kwanoma ubani omunye. Ngo eziningi nezinye abeluleki Queen kwakuyilawa: Walter Mayldmey, Frensis Uolsingem, indodana kaWilliam - Robert Cecil, noTomase Smith. La madoda yizikhonzi okungavamile. Naphezu kwalokhu, u-Elizabeth kwakuyinqubo lady yabo futhi indlovukazi. Lona leli qiniso elibalulekile kulabo abanesithakazelo izici 1 U-Elizabeth Tudor.

Indlovukazi kwadingeka ngaphandle izikhonzi nezikhonzi. I nosaziwayo abaningi abanengxenye babeneminyaka: Christopher Hatton, Graf Lester, noRobert Devereux, Earl of Essex. Elizabeth waqhubeka kancane ongangeneki esiyiNgisi uFrancis Bacon no-Walter Rayleigh, ngoba azange abathembe izimfanelo zomuntu, kodwa kwadingeka umbono okusezingeni eliphezulu ngangokusemandleni abo.

Ubuhlobo Elizabeth Earl of Essex

Burley, owaphila kwaze kwaba yilapho 1598, wayechaza ukuthini ithonya nesikhundla Robert Cecil indodana yakhe encane. Wakwazi kakhulu, kodwa kwadingeka emzimbeni. Earl of Essex, The Aristocrat abasha (isithombe sakhe kunikezwa ngenhla), wakhuluma ngokumelene nalo. Ngezinye ukuthunjwa Cádiz, owenzeka ngo-1596, wazakhela ukuhlolwa ethopha nenkazimulo enkulu. Nokho, lapho okwamiswa ngalo ukuba kukhawulwe izifiso amasosha, ngaphezu yenqubomgomo, kwakufanele bonyana enze epini nge uCecilia.

Elizabeth wenza intandokazi Essex, indoda charm okukhulu. Yena izimfanelo zakhe. Nokho, indlovukazi awuzange ngakho umxhwele nge Essex, ukumsekela kulo emitameni zezombusazwe yingozi. UJezebeli wakhuthaza ngamabomu ngaphezulu Roberta Sesila, ngesikhathi esifanayo UKUPHEBEZA Essex enhlosweni ukulethe izikhundla eliphakeme alabo abazobamela. Kwaba njalo Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 maqondana nalowo muntu.

Kunamaphuzu amaningana izibhelu siqu balandela phakathi Elizabeth futhi ozithandayo wakhe. Uma indlovukazi wamdonsa ngentamo endlebeni, njengoba ngentukuthelo babuyela kuye, behlose ukushiya (kwenye inguqulo, sengimnika ngempama). Usongo wathatha inkemba yakhe, wathi, ukuthi Wayengeke asibekezelele ukweyisa enjalo kunoma ubani ukuthi wayengumuntu ukuwuthobela, kungabi isigqila.

1599 yayiwumsebenzi owumphumela wawo wonke umlando nge Essex. Khona-ke u-Elizabethe wayala ukucindezela ozithandayo kwavukelwa waqala e-Ireland Tyrone. Ngemva kokuthola zonke izinsiza ezidingekayo ezivela kuhulumeni, akazange ukulalela iziqondiso ezivela London. Essex ekwenzeni imisebenzi kuhlulekile futhi wenza kuthula izibandakanye nezihlubuki. Khona-ke, futhi edelela oda, wabuyela eNgilandi. Essex washintsha obala uhulumeni wamanje ngo-February 1601. Wazama ukuthi siphakamise yonke London ngokumelene Queen. Essex icala lakhe lathethwa khona futhi ibulawa ngoFebhuwari 25, 1601.

Ukulwisana puritanism

Domestic Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 libhekene iqiniso lokuthi Queen luye lwabonisa ekugxileni ngokumelene Puritanism. Yena oqokwe 1583 uMbhishobhi Omkhulu waseCanterbury, abaphikisi babo main - Johane Vitgifta. Nokho, ukuphikiswa engafuni ukuyeka. Ezinye isigungu sabefundisi sanquma ukuba baphendukele Presbyterianism. Kodwa ngokushesha wadala ukunyakaza ogama umgomo kwaba ukubhujiswa kwesizukulwane episcopate. AmaPuritan usebenzisa nethonya House of Commons kanye nezinye iziyisikhombisa zezombusazwe. Elizabeth ekugcineni kwadingeka usebenze kanzima ne House of Commons. Kuze eyishumi yokugcina wokubusa Queen kulesi sigodlo besho ninodwa amaPuritan. Esikhathini ezingqubuzana Elizabeth njalo amalunga ephalamende wajoyina. Babelana nalo ngokubona hhayi kuphela endabeni izinguquko eSontweni LaseSheshi, kodwa nakwezinye: ukulandelana isidingo somshado, ekubhekaneni M. Stewart.

Incazelo emfishane wokubusa Elizabeth

Tudor wokubusa Elizabeth 1 kwaba sezikhathi ashukumisayo kakhulu emlandweni we-England. Kusukela ekuqaleni, amaProthestani ayekholelwa ukuthi Queen uzigcinile Providence. Kwadingeka abhekane nesimiso ezikhulayo izinsongo bangaphakathi nabangaphandle, nothando abantu uyayithanda sona senyuka, ziphenduka cult ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. okuxoxwe basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 isikhathi eside ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Futhi kulezi zinsuku akusho ukubohla isithakazelo umbusi. Faka 1 U-Elizabeth Tudor njengoba isibalo zezombusazwe zenza ilukuluku, hhayi nje phakathi mlando kodwa futhi phakathi kwabantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele.

ukufa Elizabeth

Koroleva Elizaveta ushonele endaweni Richmond Palace, owawuseduze London yesimanje. Washona ngo-March 24, 1603. Cishe, ngomzuzu wokugcina Elizabeth okuthiwa noma bakhomba esikhundleni sakhe. Zaba uJames VI, King of Scotland (yaseNgilandi uJames I.). Yilokho imithetho emva 1 U-Elizabeth Tudor.

uJames I

Iminyaka yokuhamba kwakhe - 1566-1625. Yakov 1 yesiNgisi yaba umthombo wokuqala inkosi yaseNgilandi, emelela uStuart lwamakhosi. Weza sobukhosi Mashi 24, 1603 James waba umbusi wokuqala, owabusa kokubili imibuso elise eBritish Isles ngesikhathi esifanayo. Njengoba amandla olulodwa, United Kingdom ngaleso sikhathi wawungekho. EScotland no England babe uthi lelitimele, eyayibonakala iholwa nkosi. Indaba ebusa ngemuva 1 U-Elizabeth Tudor, akukanciphi ezithakazelisayo kuka kwesikhathi wokubusa Elizabeth. Kodwa lokho kungenye indaba.

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