UBarbara Radziwill: Biography, portrait, legend

Ngo ebandla emlandweni waseYurophu bangathembela kungekho angaphezu kweshumi nambili abantu zangempela zomlando, ogama lakhe lihlotshaniswa inani elifanayo legends like ngomfazi King uSigismund II Augustus.

UBarbara Radziwill, ogama biography lapha ngenzansi, isibe umlingiswa oyinhloko webhayisikobho ballads eziningi, ngalokufanako ngetinkondlo nemidlalo. Kamuva, ekhulwini lama-20, umlando uthando nkosi lakhe lesiPolish ngokuphindaphindiwe ephefumulelwe abenzi mafilimu ukwakha ifilimu romantic mayelana isiphetho "Lithuanian Juliet."

eminyakeni yokuqala

UBarbara wazalwa ngo-December 1520 futhi kwaba indodakazi tycoon enamandla Lithuanian Yury Radziwill. Umndeni wakhe wayenothile ukuze sikwazi ukuhlonza intandokazi Bass okulingana isipho lokho amakhosi amaningi aseYurophu kwesokunxele ifa Dauphin.

Abazali anakekela imfundo sentombazane. Ikakhulukazi, kuyaziwa ukuthi izilimi 6, kuhlanganise Latin nesiGreki ephethwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uBarbara wafundisa imidwebo, izibalo, ogibele ihhashi, geography, ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo, imfundiso yenkolo, nokunye. D. Ngakho, ngesikhathi lapho kubhekwe intombazane ukuba angashada, uBarbara Radziwill wayengomunye walaba besifazane abafundile isikhathi esiningi, ube nolwazi, elihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo the Renaissance European.

ngomshado wokuqala

Entwasahlobo ka-1537, eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-17, uBarbara Radziwill waba mfazi Ukubala Stanislas Gashtold. Umyeni wakhe wayengekho indodana likaShansela isimo uMbuso Poland naseLithuania, ngaye, waze wathi yangithinta ngaphezu nkosi yabo.

Kungakapheli neminyaka engu-5, lapho umshado eyathatha, umfazi abasha babekholelwa ukuthi umyeni wayo dalwa ngafanele kuze wakhe, nakuba futhi wamphatha ngempela kubanda. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sinjani, izingane yena ongazalanga, ngakho amahemuhemu mayelana nenzalo yakhe nokuthi ngokuthi uyathakatha, kungani uJehova akukuniki nenzalo yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho eminyakeni embalwa bakwazi umukhwe umthetho, bese ngokuphazima kweso kungalindele muntu wafa umyeni Countess Gashtold waba inhlebo inkantolo ukuthi kuyinto poisoner.

Ngesikhathi inkantolo Sigismund August

Ngokusho imithetho isikhathi, umfelokazi kwakufanele umhlalaphansi emhlabeni futhi wedwa ilile umyeni wakhe. Phakathi nale nkathi, abaningi baba nesithakazelo emsebenzini umbuzo lapho nobani uBarbara Radziwill wahlala, engcwaba Stanislaus Gashtold. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, walishiya endlini nomfazi waya Vilna, lapho yena wahlala enqabeni umfowabo - UNicholas Ginger.

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5 sobufelokazi uBarbara Radziwill waqala ukuya ukuhlwa amabhola wayesebhapathizwa bajwayelane indodana amaPolish King Sigismund Awugustu. Grand Duke esasisetshenzelwa wathatheka elihle noBarbara wenza incekukazi yakhe yodumo ka nomkakhe Elisabeth Habsburg. Young amahle eside wamelana futhi kungakabiphi baba indlovukazi yakhe, ikakhulukazi ngoba yayingafuni ngempela okungenazinkinga imikhuba yakhe emihle futhi izimpawu njalo ukunakwa. Ukuze ube isikhathi ukuhlangabezana kaningi nge Basey, iNkosi uzungezwe hhayi kuphela umfelokazi mzalwane kodwa umzala wakhe - Nikolai Radziwill-Black.

scandal

Fihla le ndaba emehlweni inkantolo Kwakungelula, ngakho uBarbara wayeshiye Vilna castle komyeni wakhe, okuyinto kuzofanele-ke ngelungelo ngokulandelana. Hlola intandokazi yakho ayizange selehlile le nentshiseko ka Sigismund, futhi waqala ukuphuma izinsuku, futhi bachitha amahora amaningi the sehhashi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu kanye nesikhathi sonyaka.

Lapho inoveli Barbara kanye indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi bathi, ngisho nasezindaweni eziqhelile zombuso, abesifazane labafowethu lahlangana lover wakhe wambuza wenqaba ukuhlangabezana naye, njengoba umonakalo idumela lalo nodumo nemindeni yabo.

Sigismund waphoqeleka ukunikeza phansi ukugwema ukukhinyabeza UBarbara, kodwa nenhliziyo emnyama futhi ungajabule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuba babezwile amahemuhemu mayelana amanoveli akhe, okuyinto wazama yini ukuyikholelwa. Kepha UBarbara, wayesaba ukuthi ulaka onawo wonke amandla futhi kuyingozi Queen Bona Sforza - umama Sigismund sika owayaziwa njengoba poisoner kanye amacebo.

Isimo ngisho kuyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu lapho kwaziwa ukuthi umkakhe usaphila lapho Grand Duke bakanina ukuba sithume izithunywa befuna umfazi omusha ngoba indlalifa, njengoba emshadweni ne-Elizabeth Habsburg akabanga nabantwana.

UBarbara kukhulunywa ngalo imizwa yakhe Sigismund abazalwane, futhi bahlala wamxwayisa ngokuthi uma ayefuna ukuqhubeka nokulwela othandekayo wakhe, elinde sizi wakhe.

Ukufa Grand Duchess

Mangisho ukuthi umshado Sigismund Elizabeth Habsburg kwaba dynastic, kodwa izihlobo likamakoti ngesikhathi obafihlile kuye ukuthi umakoti - epileptichka. Kusenzima hhayi kusungulwa ukuthi lokhu kwaba nje ukuqondana kwezinto noma kuhlelwe ngokucophelela kokubulawa umzamo, kodwa ngelinye ilanga lona wesifazane osemusha aqathaka ihhashi washona ngemuva kokuhlala esibhedlela izinyanga ezimbalwa. Kuningi kwakuthiwa kokufa Elizabeth - kuwumphumela namaqhinga uninazala.

Manje, lutho uvinjelwe Sigismund washada okwesibili futhi uqhubeke lwamakhosi Jagiellonian, kusukela wayengummeleli yayo lokugcina ebulilini bowesilisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ayazi ukuthi umama wakwakhe njengoba unganelisekile nowesifazane onjalo, uBarbara Radziwill, okuyinto akazange ihluke ubumnene isifiso sokulalela intando ubani kwaba, ngaphandle indoda wayemthanda yakhe.

lomshado

Ukuze ukusunduza Sigizmunda Yagellona ukuthatha izinyathelo juqu, wangenela endabeni wabafowabo. Basolwa waqhubeka ekuzingeleni futhi waqiniseka ukuthi wafunda ngawo. Sikhangwe Grand Duke washesha ngosuku Bass, bese agqekeze lokulala Radziwills ezimbili ngezinkemba uyalingana. Zazifuna kwenziwe ukuthi ngokushesha engumkabo, waziyisa Igumbi sobupristi. Sigismund kwakudingeka alalele, kodwa wafuna ukugcina umshado imfihlo.

Nokho eside lo mbhangqwana akakwazanga ukufihla iqiniso emshadweni. Lokhu isiphepho Kwagqashuka lapho indodana umshado wafunda Bona Sforza. Wathonya umyeni wakhe, inkosi yenza wonke umzamo ukuchitha umshado Sigismund. Lokhu kwalandelwa ukuthi abazali besingalindele indodana yakhe, wala entandweni yabo, futhi wathi wayezomvusa siphile size siguge, uBarbara Radziwill.

I-kuya sobukhosi

Akwaziwa indlela athuthukise umcimbi, uma 1 Apreli 1548 I. Sigmund washona ngemuva kwezinsukwana ezimbalwa inkosi entsha weza emhlanganweni we-Lithuanian Seimas futhi yamemezela ngokusemthethweni umshado wakhe, lifuna bona uBarbara Radziwill Lithuanian Grand Duchess. Zamaphini bavumelana ngenjabulo, ngoba kwakusho eqinisa imfundiso yabo Commonwealth, Sigismund nomkakhe kwesokunxele ngoba ePoland wokugcotshwa. Lapho, le nkosi elalisanda kwakhiwa elidinga ukufeza ukuqashelwa isimo uBarbara futhi. Nokho, lokhu kwaba yinto okunzima. Iqiniso lokuthi amalungu Ukudla e-Commonwealth kubhekwe umshado weNkosi engenakwenzeka futhi ilulaza ePoland. Ikakhulukazi, isinqumo esinjalo kuqhathaniswa tycoons ezintathu ezinkulu. Omunye wabo waze ngisho ngokuthi Queen a isifebe, okubangela ukweyisa kumyeni wakhe.

Khona-ke wonke amalungu Seimas waguqa futhi wancenga UZygmunt (Sigmund) ngo-Agasti ukulahla emshadweni. Inkosi engaqinile kanye novalo kungalindelekile ukuboniswa ukuqina kokuvamile wenqaba ahlukane othandekayo wakhe.

Umama emthethweni nendodakazi yakhe

Ukuze ukucasula umbimbi bahluleka ngisho Bona wakwaSforza, ngubani, njalo, ihlanganisa izingobe nendodana nomkakhe wesibili sika. Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yayo, into kuphela ke usezuze - ke ekugcineni konakalisa elala Sigismund Awugustu.

Labo wabona isithombe uBarbara Radziwill, uzovuma ukuthi akubonakali owesifazane eqinile. Nokho, ngemva kokufunda mayelana ukumelana le gentry Polish, yena ngokuziqhenya wenqaba amalungelo sobukhosi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amalungu Seimas nabakhulu wamelana kancane, noBarbara egcotshwa.

ukufa

Ngeshwa, indaba yothando Barbary Radzivill - akuyona inganekwane ngempela enesiphetho esijabulisayo.

Emva kwezinyanga ezingu 5 kuphela ngemva wokugcotshwa, njengoba eseneminyaka engu-30, washona i isifo okungaziwa Wawel Castle. Njengoba lona wesifazane waba namandla futhi zihlukaniswa nempilo enhle, bonke bazama ukuqonda ukuthi kungani uBarbara Radziwill wafa. Iningi lamalungu yezikhulu kwakunezilinganiso umbono ukuthi anobuthi Bona Sforza. Le nguqulo ibe yiqiniso kakhulu, ikakhulu uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi yokugcina wayevela emkhayeni yizicukuthwane isiNtaliyane, eyaziwa ngokuqondene nothando amalungu ayo ukuba ubuthi nezidakamizwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlovukazi ashona ukufa okubuhlungu. Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo bavele kudala njengoba izinyanga 2 emva komshado, kodwa bathi ukuthola amakhambi for nenzalo. Khona-ke lesi sifo wathuthuka futhi yaphela agony eside, eyathatha amahora ambalwa, njalo athuthumela ayebhekene eziqine. Ezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila umzimba wonke indlovukazi laligcwele Izilonda ezimbi iqhubeka kuyiphi babukhipha nephunga elibi. Noma kunjalo, umyeni akazange usasuka embhedeni Basenki ethandekayo, enethemba lokuthi sokuphulukiswa wakhe. Wabiza ngosizo zonke izinkanyiso wezokwelapha e-Europe, kodwa akekho oye wakwazi hhayi kuphela ukulondoloza uBarbara, ngisho lula ukuhlupheka yayo akunabuntu.

interment

Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uBarbara, wabuza indoda yakhe emzimbeni wakhe wangcwatshwa Krakow Wawel Cathedral, kanye nezinye amakhosi asePoland nomkabo. Yingakho sekuyindlela isiphephelo zokugcina yeSonto St Stanislaus Vilna.

UMoya Barbary Radzivill

Yilokho okwenza le nkosi ungakhohlwa Basia yakhe eliyigugu futhi wenza ubungani nabantazana abafowabo, owayehlala enqabeni e Nesvizh. Legend of uBarbara Radziwill uthi uma wafika umthakathi Pan Twardowski, lowo owayethembisile lokubiza umoya labafazi bakhe oshonile.

Magician yenqabela yinkosi uthinte izipoki, uma uyithole. Nokho umoya uBarbara yabonakala Sigismund eqinisweni, kwaba umyeni ujabulile naphezu kwakho konke ukuncenga umthakathi wazama ukungena umbono ezingalweni zakhe.

Ngokusho yetinsita kudalwa ukwephulwa umphefumulo mthetho nemimoya phakade uBarbara eba isiboshwa enqabeni e Nesvizh. Kulokhu, Pan Twardowski watshela inkosi ukuthi uma wafa endaweni efanayo, imiphefumulo yabo hlanganani phakade. Wajabula kakhulu kunquma ukuthi kuyoba njalo. Kodwa ukufa layifica ngokuzumayo kwenye castle nomoya ka UBarbara, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Black intokazi, futhi abantu besaba kuze kube yilolu suku. Akutholakali uhlezi futhi umphefumulo Sigismund Awugustu, obalekele enqabeni lonely Krakow, benethemba lokuthola kabusha othandekayo wakhe.

inkosi Ukudalelwa

Ngokuthakazelisayo, unina Sigismund wakhe ephethwe lokushada futhi okwesithathu wakhetha udade bakamakoti Elizabeth Habsburg - Katerina. Umshado yaba ngeyesikhashana futhi angibange inzalo, nakuba omunye umfazi wazama ngisho ukuba balingise sokukhulelwa. Ngenxa ukukhwabanisa King waqala ukuqulwa kwaleli isehlukaniso, ukuthumela umkakhe wamletha ekhaya.

Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuphila Sigismund August II uzungezwe mages futhi warlocks, wafa egumbini, okwakubekelwa nolwelwe indwangu emnyama, njengoba kulo Waqhubeka ukuba lusizi othandiweyo wakhe, nabo babefuna bahlanganiswa ngemva kokuhlukana ukufa.

"Epitaph ngoba uBarbara Radziwill"

Njengoba kakade kushiwo, ekhulwini lama-20 baye wazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukungethusa ukuze ifilimu romantic uthando indaba Sigismund ukuze ubuhle Basho. Omunye futhi elalidume kunawo wonke kwakuyi-ukucinga indikimba yendaba, lapho uBarbara Radziwill Uvele nje phambi kokuba ababukeli ngesimo omunye abadlali amahle kakhulu 80s Polish (isithombe kusukela ifilimu, bheka isithombe esingenhla.) - Anny Dymny. Le filimu wadedelwa ngo 1982 futhi short film okufushane ethandwa TV ewuchungechunge "Queen Bona". Umdwebo ngokuthi "Epitaph ngoba uBarbara Radziwill" futhi kwaba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Abantu abaningi abadala babekholelwa ukuthi isithombe wadala esikrinini Smoky Anna - akusiyo okungcono uBarbara Radziwill. Le filimu, esingu ePoland ngo-1936, ku umbono wabo, kwaphumelela, njengoba indima esemqoka kulo waya ubuhle Jadwiga Smosarska futhi uSigismund II Augustus kudlalwa Witold Zacharewicz. I wafa e-Auschwitz, lapho kwaba amaJuda ekusizeni phakathi nokuQothulwa Kwesizwe.

Isithombe art

UBarbara Radziwill, izithombe kusukela movie mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo uke wawabona ezingaphezu kuka 5 eminyaka, ekujabulisayo umcabango abaculi, izimbongi futhi abalobi. Yena yayizimisele imisebenzi bemidlalo Polish Venzhika F. futhi A. Felinskogo, idrama J. Grinyusa futhi Lithuanian umbhali temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba wemidlalo Yuri Grushasa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Museum yamazwe ahlukene ahlotshiswe imidwebo Voytseha Gersona kanye Yana Mateyko, njll, Kanye busts ka uBarbara Radziwill abalobi engaziwa, okuyinto kungabonwa esigodlweni Ursynów e Warsaw futhi Olessky Castle.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi lapho ayehlala khona, uBarbara Radziwill, nendlela ahlangana ngayo no lover yakhe yasebukhosini, futhi wazi imininingwane romance zabo, okuyinto namanje kubangele ukukhathazeka natures ebucayi.