Uhlelo excretory zezinhlanzi: izici, lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti. Yini emizimbeni yakha uhlelo excretory senhlanzi?

Umsebenzi oyinhloko uhlelo excretory yanoma yimuphi ophilayo, kuhlanganise inhlanzi, kuvezwe yinhlolisiso komzimba imikhiqizo umzimba futhi kulondolozwe amanzi-usawoti ukulinganisela igazi nezicubu. Yiqiniso, uhlelo excretory zezinhlanzi isakhiwo silula kunaleso, isibonelo, umuntu. Imisebenzi abathola isahlulelo e neketanga ethile ukuze siqonde ukuthi iyiphi ukufunda isakhiwo sayo yonke lenqubo futhi umsebenzi imizimba yayo ngokukhethekile.

Sakhiwo: okuyinto imizimba yakha uhlelo excretory zezinhlanzi

Ukuhoxiswa kusuka emzimbeni izinto ezingadingekile futhi ngokuvamile anobuthi, lezi izilwane zasendle zasemanzini, kanye nabantu, abhanqiwe izinso banesibopho, uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ijabulise wire encane. evulekile kwakamuva ibe imbobo ezivamile excretory. Esinyeni inhlanzi kakhulu uyaphuma umgodi ehlukile.

I kwaphumela imikhiqizo umzimba izinso advantageously Kondliwa Amapayipi ku esinyeni.

izinso gazinga

Ukuqaphela ukuthi imizimba yakha uhlelo excretory zenhlanzi, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi indima ebalulekile kusebenta kwato kungokwalabo nezinso.

Esikhathini uchungechunge yokuziphendukela kwemvelo izinhlanzi akuyona indawo yokuqala. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo ubheke ukuba isigaba yezilwane ezinomgogodla aphansi. Ngokusho yinkimbinkimbi isakhiwo zemizimba zasemanzini ziphansi nezilwane eziphila ezweni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ngo ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo ephakeme, kuhlanganise nabantu, ukhalo kwezinso. Izinhlanzi bona isiqu.

Izinga obulukhuni isakhiwo izinso zonke izidalwa eziphilayo kunqunywa:

• inani tubules;
• khona kanye nesakhiwo funnels ciliated.

Ezinye zezilwane efihlekile abekwa engxenyeni engenhla futhi aqukethe 6-7 tubules. uphondo atrial izenzo njengendlela lemifanekiso, e la magciwane kolunye kuvula phakathi ureter, elinye - phakathi komgodi umzimba. Kuyinto lesi sakhiwo libhekene izinso gazinga nenhlanzi ezinye omdala. Lezi zihlanganisa eelpout, silverside, gobies nabanye. Ngamanye lezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingu-izinso bakudala kancane kancane iguqulwe ibe lymph isitho krovotvoryaschy.

Izinso zezinhlanzi omdala

Thina Fry iningi izinso itholakala engxenyeni engaphezulu kuphela yomzimba. Kubantu abadala, izinhlanzi abhanqiwe isitho igcwalisa isikhala phakathi kwesinye bhukuda nomgogodla. Njengoba sekushiwo, izinso yalezi abameleli isici amanzi ihlukaniswa njengoba umzimba kanye sibheke umdweshu emise imicu maroon.

Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi iyithimba of omdala izinhlanzi izinso iyona nephron. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, liqukethe:

• tubules excretory;
• corpuscles Malpighian.

kwakhiwa umzimba Malpighian lwenhlanzi ibe ibhola, kanye amaphilisi capillary Shymlanskaya - Bowman emelela ezincane kabili odongeni inkomishi. tubules urinary esukela kubo zivulwa e ngokuhlanganyela. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, ihlangana zibe emikhulu awele ureters.

Ciliated uphondo izinso nenhlanzi kakhulu bengekho, ngaphandle kwezinye zezinhlobo. izakhi okunjalo obusebenzayo, isibonelo, kukhona Sturgeon futhi abanye uqwanga.

izibonelo isakhiwo

Izinso - eziyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho isakhiwo izitho kohlelo excretory zezinhlanzi. It ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• Front (ikhanda izinso);
• isilinganiso;
• labaqaphi elingemuva.

Sezinso neminyango zinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi ungaba ifomu ukungalingani. Cabanga ngendlela umzimba ngqo ekilasini ngalinye kwelinye sihloko encane, ngeshwa, kunzima ngempela. Ngakho-ke, ngo-ukubukeka okuyisibonelo ukuthi ubukeka izinso carp, Pike futhi iphezulu. Karpov izinso sokunene nesobunxele zitholakala ngokwehlukile. Ngezansi, sihlanganyela nabo band ayibhangqiwe. Evuthiwe umnyango phakathi ezinwetshiwe ifomu yemigoqo ethile eminyangweni kahulumeni esehlanganise esinyeni bhukuda.

Perch futhi Pike efihlekile akheke ukuhluka: esigabeni maphakathi elise eceleni, futhi front futhi bakhulise axhunyiwe.

esinyeni

I Ukwakheka kohlelo excretory zezinhlanzi kunalokho xaka. Esinyeni elikhona izinhlobo eziningi izilwane zasendle yasemanzini.

amakilasi Major zezinhlanzi ngokwemvelo, njengoba yaziwa, kutholakala ezimbili kuphela:

• uqwanga;
• ithambo.

Umehluko phakathi kwabo, ngokuyinhloko, liqukethe isakhiwo skeleton. Esimweni sokuqala yakhiwa uqwanga, okwesibili - ngokulandelana, kusukela amathambo. Class zezinhlanzi cartilaginous uvezwa uhlobo mayelana 730 zilwane. Bone nezilwane zasemanzini kungaphezu: angaba yizinkulungwane 20 zama ..

Uhlelo excretory zezinhlanzi (amathambo uqwanga) kuyinto isakhiwo ukungalingani. Ekuqaleni kukhona isinye, futhi yokugcina akusiyo. Yiqiniso, ukungabi bikho kokukhanya lokhu nomzimba izinhlanzi cartilaginous akusho ukuthi amabutho azo ahlomile aluphelele. imisebenzi yayo ukuthi sisebenza kahle.

Uhlelo excretory lezinhlanzi cartilaginous kuhlanganisa nemigwamanda isakhiwo kuvimbela kungenzeka ukugeleza engalawuliwe umchamo ku imvelo. "Amahlane Liquid" nezilwane amanzi sisodwa ngokuvamile encane kakhulu.

inhlanzi yensimbi Rectal

Njengoba sekushiwo, inhlanzi uhlelo excretory akabangeli nje kuphela sokuhoxiswa imikhiqizo umzimba, kodwa futhi ukongiwa level somzimba evamile yamanzi-usawoti ibhalansi. Ngo inhlanzi, lena umsebenzi indlala rectal emelela yayifanekisela nomxhantela digitate, okuyinto isuka le amaphiko ingxenye ingemuva. amaseli Rectal indlala yezindlala secrete mfihlo ekhethekile oqukethe semali NaCl. Endaweni yokuqala lokhu umzimba kususa usawoti okweqile kusukela umzimba, ukudla noma ulwandle amanzi.

Ngaphezu ekulondolozeni ukulinganisela usawoti, yensimbi izinhlanzi rectal wenza esinye umsebenzi obalulekile. Phakathi nenkathi yokuzalela secrete isikhwehlela elula kulandele inhlanzi, edonsa oyiphunga isici ukunakwa abobulili obuhlukile ngabanye.

usawoti ibhalansi

Ingcindezi osmotic zonke nezilwane ezifana (kokubili zasolwandle nasemanzini agelezayo) sihluke kakhulu izinkomba kwemvelo. Okuwukuphela komehluko mthetho yiwona hagfish. Lokuhlushwa nosawoti emzimbeni yabo iyafana emanzini asolwandle.

Ngo izinhlanzi cartilaginous okuqondene isoosmotic iqembu, ingcindezi kuyafana kule hagfish futhi kuvumelana ingcindezi amanzi. Kodwa ngaleso usawoti lokuhlushwa efanayo lingaphansi kunalokhu in the medium yangaphandle. Ingcindezi ibhalansi emzimbeni izinhlanzi unikezwe wokuqukethwe lelisetulu urea egazini. Okuhlushwa ukususwa chloride ion kanye sodium ion kusukela umzimba wenziwe indlala rectal.

Uhlelo excretory lezinhlanzi bony awunankinga yokwenze ukulungisa ibhalansi usawoti. Ingcindezi nezilwane ezifana ulawulwa kancane ehlukile. Class isoosmotic izinhlanzi ezinjalo azibona. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwemvelo baye asethuthukile izindlela ezikhethekile ezilawula nokulawula angaphezulu aqukethe usawoti ongaba egazini.

Ngokwesibonelo, zasolwandle nenhlanzi bone njalo ngokulahlekelwa amanzi ngaphansi kwethonya ingcindezi osmotic, ukuze sivale lapho sisilela ngokuvamile ukulahlekelwa bephoqeleka ukuba baphuze. Amanzi olwandle anezinga elingaguquguquki emizimbeni yabo njalo elicwengekileyo esuka nosawoti. Kwakamuva aphume emzimbeni ngezindlela ezimbili:

• calcium cations chloride ion kuthiwa ukhiphe ngokusebenzisa nolwelwesi gill;
• magnesium cations, futhi sulphate anions, excreted ngu nezinso.

Ngo bony ezihlala emanzini angenawo usawoti, ngokungafani zasolwandle, emakamu usawoti emzimbeni lingaphansi kunalokhu in the medium yangaphandle. Qondanisa nezilwane ukucindezela ngokucacisa ekuthumbeni ion emanzini ngokusebenzisa nolwelwesi gill. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e isidumbu salowo abandayo uveza semali urea.

Ukwakheka umchamo

Njengoba sesibonile, ku Ukwakheka kohlelo excretory zezinhlanzi (uqwanga bone) kuhlukile kancane. Iyahluka kuya ku ukwakheka kanye umchamo lezi ezilwaneni nasezimileni. Isakhi esiyinhloko esithweni ketshezi izinhlanzi bony kuyinto ammonia - ikhemikhali kuyinto anobuthi ngisho lokuhlala omncane. Ngo uqwanga - kuyinto urea.

Kuthunyelwe imikhiqizo umzimba e izinso zezinhlanzi, eqinisweni kukhona isihlungi esebenza ngogesi, ukugeleza kwegazi. Kugcine zangaphambi wakhonza glomeruli semithambo. Senzeka kubo, futhi inqubo ehlelekile, kwakheka okuyinto umchamo eyinhloko. Imikhumbi ikhishwe glomeruli, sisithandele tubules excretory. Ixhuma ndawonye, bakha posterior cardinal emthanjeni.

Engxenyeni phakathi tubules (izinso) kumiswa yesibili (lokugcina) umchamo. Lapha, phakathi kwezinye izinto, esikuthola izinto ezidingwa umzimba. Lokhu kungaba, isibonelo, i-glucose, amanzi nama-amino acid.

isiteshi pronephric

Excretory izinhlanzi uhlelo emelelwa isiteshi pronephric - main okukhipha imbobo main efihlekile. Ngo izinhlanzi cartilaginous, it siqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: Wolf neziteshi Mullerian. Lesi sakamuva itholakala kuphela abesifazane. Ngo kwabesilisa, it is atrophied.

Thina Fry imbobo Wolffian yakhelwe ukwenza imisebenzi deferens vas. Lezi zilwane besilisa cartilaginous njengoba zikhula, a ureter ehlukile, ephumela phakathi itheku urogenital. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, ixhunywe cloaca. Ngo abadala deferens vas uguqulwa imbobo Wolffian.

Izici kohlelo excretory ithambo zinhlobo izinhlanzi -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuntuleka endle futhi Ukwehlukanisa deducing futhi izinhlelo zokuzala. imiselekazi Wolffian kulezi nezilwane ehlangana kule kokusakazwa okukodwa. Kugcine kulokhu esisogwini udonga ngalo ingaphakathi lesisu, neyezinhlanzi emuva efomini ngendlela esinyeni.