Uhlelo lomthetho. Ukwahlukanisa izikhungo zomthetho

Uhlelo lomthetho - okuqukethwe yangaphakathi (isakhiwo) amalungelo obonakaliswe ukuvumelana nobunye imithetho yayo abalekeleli kanye kwamangqamuzana (ngokuhlukana) ku izikhungo zayo, kanye nezimboni. Ngamanye amazwi, isakhiwo ngenhla ezihlobene ngendlela kwezinkambiso ezithile. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, uthola complex yakha izikhungo ezakha wemboni zomthetho kanye ye-indastri, okuyinto ubunye uhlelo lomthetho.

isikhungo Legal kuyinto iqoqo imithetho evumela ukulawulwa uhlobo oluthile ubudlelwane eyohlobo nomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, e umthetho kukhona Institute of ukuvikelwa zabasebenzi, civil - ukudayiswa.

Legal sub-indastri kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi izikhungo ezihlobene (kwezinkambiso), lenye umkhakha wezomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, e-"Izibopho Act" elihlanganisiwe iziqondiso inkontileka, exchange, ukulethwa nokuningi.

Wemboni iyona iqoqo imithetho zomthetho kanye nezikhungo lokulawula sphere elisondelene nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana akha isihloko ukulawulwa umthetho (ngokoMthethosisekelo, nokuthola ubulungiswa umthetho lobugebengu, njll).

Ngakho, eyinkimbinkimbi ephethwe yisigungu sesonto, libhekene izinqubo zangaphakathi okwenzeka kuwo. Umqondo uhlelo komthetho ibonisa hhayi kuphela izakhi abamelwe yefomu zomthetho. Ukunqunywa ubonisa ubuhlobo kanye nokulutheka izingxenye kusuka komunye nomunye.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ezikhungweni zomthetho (ngezigaba ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene).

Kuye isandiso ukwenaba:

1. Umkhakha. Lezi zikhungo ezingokomthetho elinesimo amazinga elincane emphakathini, ukuzimela futhi ngokucacile zazo akavele ngale umkhakha (isibonelo, ilungelo inqubo lobugebengu - sikhungo ummangalelwa, umsolwa, isisulu).
2. Cross-umkhakha. Lezi zikhungo akhiwa futhi akhona ngaphakathi izimboni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zomthetho.

Kuya ngemvelo zomthetho:

1. Material. Lezi zikhungo zihloselwe nokulawula amalungelo ngempela kukhona ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu ngokuqondene ukusatshalaliswa, wokuphehla, ukuwudlulisa, ngempahla impahla, ama-ejenti ezentengiselwano lokuxhumana komphakathi amalungelo abo kanye nenkululeko.
2. Ngokwenqubo. Lezi zikhungo zomthetho lokulawula eziphathelene nokusebenza kwenhlangano kanye zenqubo kuphela (inqubo uphenyo ukuze kuhlolwe futhi isinqumo izingxabano, ezingxabanweni zazo nakwezinye izinto). Banezinhliziyo nencazelo ekhethekile futhi sihlobene ngokuqondile ukuqaliswa kanye nesicelo izakhamuzi amalungelo abo.

Kuye izici:

1. izikhungo zomthetho Wokulawula yakhelwe ukulawula elihambisana nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana.
2. Kokusungulwa - enze umsebenzi ukulungisa isimo isihloko ukuxhumana nomphakathi.
3. izikhungo Avikelayo zomthetho owawenzelwa ukuvikela ukuthuthukiswa evamile nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana, ukuze azivikele imiphumela emibi evela kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi.

Kuye isakhiwo:

1. Simple (musa aqukethe amayunithi yasekhaya).
2. Iyinkimbinkimbi (zihlanganisa izingxenye zethu ezincane ezizimele - subinstituty).

I-Russian lwetemtsetfo ihlanganisa izimboni ezilandelayo:

1. sphere yoMthethosisekelo. Kulesi umkhakha, ukuhlanganisa Kwenziwa ngendlela uhulumeni, amalungelo nezibopho isakhiwo isimo-indawo, ukuze kumiswa, ubudlelwane kanye nemisebenzi zikahulumeni eliphakeme.
2. umkhakha Civil. Kule ndawo livela isiqondiso of ubudlelwano impahla emphakathini, kanye nobudlelwane okungezona impahla xhuma nga them.
3. sphere yokuqondisa. Kulesi umkhakha, kuncike kumthethonqubo of nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana elihlobene ne-yenhlangano, mphathi imisebenzi zokuphatha kwezitho futhi izikhulu zomphakathi ukuphatha kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita.

System yomthetho ngezithako zawo sihlanganisa zabasebenzi, isigebengu, umndeni, inqubo lobugebengu, inqubo civil, umthetho wezimali.