Lapho ngo-1983 e-United States sebemukele MLRS MLRS, okuyinto ngezici zawo zazilotshiwe Kwakufana namaSoviet "iSiphepho" uhlelo esetshenziswa ngo-1975, NATO mazwe zanquma okwaficezela eSoviet Union phezu izinhlelo Salvo umlilo. Nokho, kunento eyisimanga. Ngemva kweminyaka emine, ngo-1987, bamukela esisheshayo wezikhali ibutho weZempi Soviet langena ukufakwa "Smerch".
Umlando sokudalwa
Umsebenzi ukuthuthukisa uhlelo olusha rocket ngaphambi, ngaphezu imisebenzi bendabuko kukho ukubhubha imishini, izikhali, nezisebenzi, airfields nezinduku, ekubeni futhi ukubhujiswa yezikhali ezicitshwayo wezindlela. Ngenxa yale njongo-ke kwakudingekile ukuba ngezelela futhi labadubuli range. Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa njalo kwesimiso esinjalo Kwathi kusukela Tula Design Bureau of State Ucwaningo Production Enterprise "Fusion", okuyinto zakhiwa eziningi iziqhumane Russia. umklami Jikelele Wayengubani u-Alexander Nikitivich Ganichev, futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe - Denezhkin Gennadiy Alekseevich.
Design kanye nezici
Ekuqaleni umsebenzi Abaklami ibhekene nenkinga enkulu wakubonisa lokhu. Zonke missile Iziqalisi Russia nezwe, eziqala edume "Katyusha", nge ukwanda labadubuli range ulahlekelwe inzuzo yabo eyinhloko - volley ukushaya ilitshe akazange, abathintekayo a zisakaza rocket ezinkulu. Ukuze unqobe lo ethile, indiza yokuqala okudinga ukulungiswa lasetshenziswa emhlabeni we izinhlamvu wathi kwephimbo kanye yaw. Ngokusebenzisa uhlelo esiyingqayizivele ukulawula hit ukunemba yafinyelelwa ezimbili, futhi ukunemba - kathathu kunakunoma izinhlelo ezifanayo angaphandle Salvo umlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-projectile isicelo engcono okuqinile-booster. Zonke lezi zenzakalo kubo zisikisela ukuthi ukufakwa "Twister" - isikhali ezingeni ngokuyinhloko entsha okusho engenakuqhathaniswa ububanzi namandla ukubulala komlilo, ukubhujiswa izimoto armored kanye nezisebenzi isitha ezingaba khona.
nesabelo izinhlamvu
RZSO "Twister" - ukufakwa volley umlilo. It has a guide kwethulwa amashubhu 12, ngokulandelana, ku izinhlamvu lifaka phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukene yezikhali ezicitshwayo 12. Ake ucabangele ezinye zazo. 9M55K igobolondo has ingxenye ikhanda oluxube kwehlukana. Eyenzelwe bazibandakanye ubuchwepheshe ezithambile elinsundu kanye nezisebenzi emaphandleni evulekile. I projectile yakhiwa 9M55K1 homing submunitions. Yakhelwe ukubhubhisa phezulu izimoto armored tanks. Missiles 9M55K3 futhi K4 asetshenziselwa anti-nabasebenzi kanye anti-izimayini ngokulandelana. Le ngxenye ikhanda 646 ifakwe 9M55K5 submunitions nge eliyindilinga-kwehlukana lethality. Punch 120 mm zempi eyohlobo futhi ephumelela kunazo ngokumelene elihamba esishukumisela e BMP APCs. Missile 9M55F yakhiwa detachable ephezulu alufakwa kwehlukana warhead. Ubhubhisa Manpower, ukuxhumana izikhungo, indlunkulu, ezempi kanye izindawo zezimboni. I projectile okuphazamisayo kakhulu "Twister" kuyinto 9M55S ifakwe warhead thermobaric (okuthiwa uphethiloli emoyeni iziqhumane, noma cleaner ibhomu). Izinto uvivinyo isimo, okuyinto enquma nekusebenta kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo, ihlukaniswa.
Okwamanje, esekelwe Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe ngenhla athuthukile ezicitshwayo entsha lenyuka labadubuli uhla amakhilomitha 90. Kufanele kuqashelwe omunye warhead ezingahambisani nezivamile. Kuyinto nangomcibisholo nge endizeni unmanned, okuhloswe ngalo ukugada isitha kwesimo endaweni for isigamu sehora, futhi ngezinga eliphezulu ngeke ilimale sibonga lingakanani encane.
Isakhiwo MRL
Volley ukufakwa "Smerch" siqukethe imoto ukulwa 9A52, wadala ngesisekelo chassis emine oluvala amasondo nge high cross-MAZ 543 imoto. It ababebuthene amaphasela 12 ihola ukuma ijabulise, zikhona umsakazo zokuxhumana imishini, kanye nemishini etholakalayo uhlelo lokulawula umlilo. umshini transportnozaryazhayuschaya isetshenziselwa yokulayisha isiqalisi, has 9T234 Inkomba, futhi phezu MAZ-543. Le nguqulo zokuthumela le MLRS inikeza, ngesicelo, imoto esikhundleni "Tatra-816." Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi emazweni athile, njenge-Indiya, kukhona zinkonzo kahle wale nkampani. Ukuqinisekisa asetshenziswa izilungiselelo kahle ukulwa isicelo: IQ eziyinkimbinkimbi (okuzenzakalelayo ukulawula umlilo) 9S729M1 "Sakaza-1" KamAZ-43114 ( «Tatra-T815"); Izimoto for ohlola (1T12-2M Inkomba, Gaz-66); Meteorological radiopelengatsionny eziyinkimbinkimbi 1B44 "Smile" ( "Ural-43203").
Amazwe izingalo ku RZSO
Ngesikhathi iSoviet Union iwa e izingalo regiments ezintathu rocket wezikhali ukuthi ukufakwa "Smerch". 336 ibutho emva 1991 wasala Belarus, 337 - eRussia, futhi 371 - e-Ukraine. Ngaphezu emazweni oshiwo ngenhla, ukufakwa ukukhonza e-Azerbaijan, Algeria, Venezuela, Georgia, India, Kuwait, UAE, Peru futhi Turkmenistan. Ingxenye amathangi kula mazwe zafakwa ngqo Rosoboronexport, futhi ezinye ziye adayiswa kusukela izinqolobane Ukraine amaSoviet nasemakamu Belarus. China ukhiqiza RZSO "Smerch" inikwe ilayisense ku chassis yayo.
ngentuthuko ethembisa
ERussia lanamuhla ethuthuka missile izinhlelo ezintsha. Isithombe se-omunye wabo umelwe ukuba uyinake. Lokhu ukufakwa "Kama" in the chassis entsha KAMAZ-6350 ne 6 komzila esikhundleni 12, yakhishwa okokuqala kubonakala kweyoku-aerospace show "MAKS-2007". RZSO futhi uyaqhubeka ukuthuthukisa isizukulwane esisha "Tornado", maduze nje umlamuleli ukulwa umsebenzi Army Russian futhi amabutho kwamanye amazwe.