Ukubuka kabanzi komzimba womuntu: izinhlelo, isakhiwo nemisebenzi. Ungumuntu kanjani

Umzimba womuntu uyindlela engavamile, eyinkimbinkimbi engakwazi ukwenza kuphela izenzo zomzimba, kodwa futhi uzizwe, ucabange. Ukubuka kabanzi komzimba womuntu kubonisa ukuthi phakathi kwezigidi eziyisikhombisa eziphilayo emhlabeni wonke kukhona abantu abafanayo ngokufanayo, kodwa isakhiwo somzimba singama-99% ngokufanayo. Imvelo ihlelwe ukuze umsebenzi ocacile, odidiyelwe wezinhlaka zonke, izindlela zomsebenzi obalulekile ziqinisekisa ukuthi ubude bukhona emzimbeni wethu.

Ukubuka kabanzi komzimba womuntu

Umzimba womuntu ungumzimba owodwa, lapho isenzo sezinhlaka zonke nezinhlelo zihlobene eduze. Iyunithi eyisisekelo yileli cell. Ngesikhathi umuntu omdala efika esifundazweni, umzimba womuntu unamaseli ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Zonke izidumbu zakhiwe kuzo , izitho zihlanganiswe nezinhlelo, ngayinye edlala indima ebalulekile emsebenzini wokuphila. Izinhlelo zomzimba womuntu:

• Isimo senhliziyo. Ihlanganisa ama-capillary, imithanguzo, imithanjeni, nenhliziyo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesistimu ukhipha igazi, ukuletha kuwo wonke amalungu. Ingxenye yesobunxele yenhliziyo iwu "ipompo" yenyama yonke, ohlangothini lwesokudla lwe-muscle wenhliziyo ludlulisela igazi emaphashini ukuze lucebise nge-oxygen. Inhliziyo inezinhlangothi ezintathu (i-myocardium, i-epicardium, i-endocardium). Ngamunye wabo unomqondo ohlukile futhi osebenzayo.
• Isistimu yokugaya iyanelisa isidingo sokudla kanye nezinqubo zokudla izakhi zibe namandla adingekile. Iqukethe umzila wokugaya ukudla: umlomo womlomo, isisu, isisu, intombazane encane, ikholoni, iphetha nge-rectum.
• Isikhumba Sesikhumba. Umsebenzi obalulekile womzimba womuntu uhlale uhlotshaniswa nezingozi ezehlukene. Isikhumba sivikela umzimba emiphumeleni yemvelo, ukucasuka kwangaphandle. Isikhumba sinezikhumba (kufaka phakathi izigulane ze-sebaceous and sweat), izinwele, izipikili kanye nama-micromuscles abamba izinwele.
• Uhlelo lymphatic. Umsebenzi oyinhloko yi-extraction kanye nokuhamba kwe-lymph kuwo wonke umzimba.
• Uhlelo lwe-musculoskeletal. Iqukethe isifuba sabantu lapho wonke amathambo ahambisana khona namajoyina, asekelwa izihluthulelo ezihlanganiswe namasipha ngamathenda. Ukutadisha umzimba womuntu kuvame ukuqala ngokuhlolisiswa kwesakhiwo samathambo. Ngokuvamile, le skeleton siqukethe amathambo angu-206.
• Uhlelo lwesimiso. Uhlelo lwezinzwa luphethe umthwalo wemininingwane mayelana nomzimba kanye nemvelo emzimbeni. Ihlukaniswe ibe yi-peripheral and central.
• Uhlelo lokuzala. Uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke lomzimba, oluhluke kakhulu kwesilisa kuya kwendoda. Uxanduva lomsebenzi wezocansi futhi, ngokujwayelekile, ngokuqhubeka komphakathi wesintu.

Indlela abantu abasebenza ngayo: ilungiselelo lezitho. Inhloko

Isitho ngasinye somuntu singumuntu ngamunye, esendaweni ethile futhi senza umsebenzi wayo. Uma wenza umqondo womzimba womuntu, kubalulekile ukuqonda lapho isitho sitholakala kuphi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema noma yikuphi ukulimala, kanye nokunquma ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi oluzobhekana nesifo esithile.

Ubuchopho, mhlawumbe, buhlala buyingxenye engavamile futhi engaziwa emzimbeni. Zonke izingxenye zomzimba zilalela lesi sikhungo. Ubuchopho bukhona ku-cranium, evikelwe amathambo aqinile e-skull. Ukusuka ebuchosheni kuwo wonke umzimba, izinzwa zisebenza, lapho izibonakaliso zokucindezela zithunyelwa kulokhu noma leso senzo. Ngenxa yemiyalo yobuchopho, sibona, sizwa, sizwa, sithutha, sihlala siphila futhi sikhona.

I-Thorax

Wonke umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi lowo muntu usebenza kanjani, lapho izitho ezisemqoka zikhona. Cabanga ngesifuba. Ohlangothini lwe-anterior, lomlomo wesibeletho, ngaphansi kwe-apula ka-Adam, kukhona isikhumba esincane se-thyroid, singabizwa ngokuthi "ibhetri" lomzimba wethu. Unesibopho sokuthuthukiswa kwamahomoni ayisisekelo anikezela wonke umsebenzi odidiyelwe wezitho zomzimba wethu. Uma uneminyaka yobudala, i-gland yegciwane ingase iwele phansi futhi ibuye ibe emgodini wesifuba.

Isigxobo se-thoracic esivela esiswini sisahlukanisa isitho somzimba esiswini. Inhliziyo ibalekela ngakwesobunxele, ifaka phakathi kwamaphaphu angakwesokunxele nangasobunxele, ngemuva kwesifuba. Amapulazi athatha ingxenye enkulu yesifuba. Dlula kusukela enhliziyweni kuya emibhodweni, ube nomumo wokuma, ngemuva kutholakala emgodleni. Izisekelo zamaphaphu zihlala zibhekene nesifo somzimba. Ivikelwe izimbambo.

Igumbi lomzimba

Isakhiwo esikhulu sokuthatha, ukugcina ukudla yisisu. Itholakala ngaphansi kwe-diaphragm, engxenyeni yesobunxele ye-peritoneum. Ngemuva, ngezansi kwesisu, yi-pancreas. Iphula amafutha, ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni futhi ikhiqiza i-glucagon ne-insulini - ama-hormone abaluleke kakhulu.

Ngakwesokudla, ngaphansi kwesibindi, isibindi. Umsebenzi odidiyelwe kahle womzimba womuntu ikakhulu kuxhomeke kulo mzimba. Isibindi siyisihlungi sethu esiyinhloko. Engxenyeni engezansi yesibindi, ekucindezelekeni, kune-gallbladder, edlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ukudla. Engxenyeni engakwesokunxele ye-hypochondrium i-spleen, ivikela umzimba wethu ezifweni ezihlukahlukene, kanye nokulahlekelwa kwegazi.

Amathumbu

Ngezansi kwesisu esiswini somzimba uhlala emathunjini amancane, emele ithubhu elide elikhathele. Ukuqala komathumbu omkhulu (i-caecum) ngakwesokudla. Khona-ke amathumbu amakhulu agijima azungeze i-peritoneum phezulu futhi wehla phansi phansi ngakwesokunxele. Igumbi eliyimpumputhe libizwa ngokuthi isithasiselo. Amathumbu amakhulu awela emgqeni oqondile, aqeda nge-anus - ukuphuma okuphuma kuwo amasundu esitokisini.

Izitho ze-Genitourinary

Uma ucabangela izinhlelo zomzimba womuntu, uyaqonda ukuthi ngamunye wabo ubalulekile futhi uyadingeka ngendlela yakhe. Izinso zihlobene nezitho ezihlangene ze-genitourinary system. Izinso ezingakwesobunxele ziphakeme kancane ngenxa yobukhulu besibindi kwesibindi ngakwesokudla. Phezu kwezinso zonke izinhlayiya ze-adrenal. Indima yabo inkulu, banikezwa ama-hormone angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu ngqo egazini. Ngezansi, esikhwameni esincane, yisisindo. Emadodeni emva kwalo - ama-vesicles e-seminal, isisu. Kubesifazana - ubulili, kusukela ngezansi - izihluthulelo zepansi. Izithobezi ezimbili ezincane - ama-ovari ahlala emgodini wezintambo, ezinhlangothini eziphambene zesibindi, zihlanganiswe kuwo ngemigqa. Emadodeni, ama-testes (testes) ase-scrotum, ekhishwayo. Ngezansi kwesisu kukhona i-prostate gland.

I-Cage

Ukuveza umbono jikelele womzimba womuntu, sibeka iseli kuqala. Yisakhiwo esincane kunazo zonke esisebenza kahle nesakhiwo. Emzimbeni womuntu - izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili amangqamuzana, ngayinye yazo inomzimba wayo, ukusebenza, isakhiwo. Uma sicabangela uhlelo jikelele lwesakhiwo, kuyafana. Igobolondo, i-cytoplasm ne-nucleus yizingxenye eziyinhloko zeseli. Iimvilophu zakha i-glycocalyx ne-plasmalemma. Ku-cytoplasm, i-organoid ne-hyaloplasm ihluke.

Imvilophu yeli cell inikeza umsebenzi we-receptor, ukukhishwa okukhethiwe, ukudluliselwa kwamasignali kagesi kanye namakhemikhali, ihlukanisa imithi ephakathi kweprotoplast.

Izakhiwo eziyinhloko zamangqamuzana empilweni ziyakucasula, isisombululo, ukukhiqiza, ukuguga, ukufa.

I-metabolism iqhubeka njalo. Iseli njalo lihlanganisa izinto ezihlukahlukene ezibandakanya ukushintshaniswa kwe-energy kanye neplastiki, izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe zikhishwa, futhi kukhishwa amandla okushisa.

Iseli liyakwazi ukuphendula ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ifomu lempendulo liyancipha, lihlotshaniswa nokukhokhwa kwekhanda leseli.

Iseli ngayinye inomjikelezo wayo wokuphila. Nsuku zonke emzimbeni womuntu cishe ama-1-2% wamaseli afa ngenxa yokuguga futhi abasha bazalwa, le nqubo iyaqhubeka.

Izindwangu

I-tishu iqoqo lamaseli, isisetshenziswa se-intercellular, esinesakhiwo esifanayo, imisebenzi, imvelaphi. Emzimbeni womuntu, kunezinhlobo ezine zezicubu:

• Izicubu ze-epithelial. Isekelwe emvelaphi ye-ectodermal, ivuselela ngokushesha, inobuncane bezinto eziphakathi kwe-intercellular, ayikho izitsha, itholakala kumbhande wesisekelo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-epithelium: i-single-layered - flat, cylindrical, cubic, epithelium eciliated, multi-eyed - keratinizing, non coronary, epithelium glandular.
• Izicubu ezixhunyiwe. Ivela ku-mesoderm. Ifomu leseli lihlukile, into esebenzayo iyasungulwa. Qhathanisa izicubu ezifayo - izicubu ezixekethile, izicubu ezincane, uqwanga, ithambo, amafutha, i-lymph, igazi. Ama-tissue ama-Hemostatic nawo ayingxenye yezicubu ezihlangene.
• Izicubu zomzimba. Unayo impahla yokuthola isivumelwano futhi ujabule. I-skeletal cross-striped, striped cross-striped, ebushelelezi ihlukile.
• Izicubu ezisabekayo. Izakhiwo ezibaluleke kunazo zonke ziyi-excitability ne-conductivity. Izitho zomzimba we-ectoderm zimelelwa yi-neuroglia ne-neurons.

Izinhlelo, imisebenzi yezitho

Ngakho-ke, sahlola isakhiwo nemisebenzi yomzimba womuntu. Senza imiphumela efunyenwe futhi sibheke yonke imisebenzi yezinhlelo ezihlukene ngesimo setafula.

Njengoba ungabona, umzimba womuntu uyisistimu eguquguqukayo enesakhiwo esikhethekile.