Ngiyiphi inarha lapha yilona TNCs ngobukhulu?

Trade umsuka ezikhathini zasendulo. With ukuthuthukiswa isintu cishe akukho okushintshile, ngaphandle Yiqiniso, izimpahla kanye nezinsizakalo emakethe. Uma ukukhiqizwa ngaphambili wawusekelwe endaweni ethile, manje ukuthenga umhlaba kwamanye amazwe ekwakheni izimboni zabo siqu - ngempela buyinto evamile. Lokhu amazwe aseYurophu bazibandakanye (futhi ekhuthele kakhulu), hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi WaseRussia. Empeleni, cishe izwe lapho TNCs ngobukhulu, kuzoxoxwa ngakho.

Kuyini abantu abavela ezizweni ezihlukahlukene corporation?

TNK ekuqaleni iyinkampani namahhovisi ukukhiqizwa emazweni amaningana. Iqhaza bezinkampani enjalo enqubeni kwembulunga yonke, yebo, kakhulu. TNCs kungaba awakhonzi nje kuphela njengababusi inkampani ukukhiqizwa, kodwa futhi njengoba ezokuxhumana, umshwalense nokuhlola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha zihlanganisa amabhange lezizwe ezihlukahlukene kanye nezimali impesheni.

Isabelomali, ezithinta amanye TNCs ngobukhulu, bukhulu kangangokuthi idlula nesimo esingokwezimali kwamanye amazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, inzuzo yonyaka net General Electric Corporation kancane ngaphezu $ 13 billion, cishe izikhathi 34 ezingaphezu kuka isabelomali sonyaka ka Andorra linabantu izinkulungwane zabantu 85,4, noma kancane esingaphansi GDP Iceland-2015. Futhi, izinkampani ukudlala indima ebalulekile isayensi, isabelo TNCs akhawunti cishe 80% ucwaningo nentuthuko imisebenzi ukunikezela yezimali kanye mayelana inani elifanayo patent kubhaliswe.

Zamazwe ngamazwe: kungani nemave?

Ukuvela ezixhaphaza kwasekuqaleni, yakhelwe kungenzeka yokuthola inzuzo. Lokhu kuchaza ukudalwa ukukhiqizwa omhlaba. Ngenxa yokuba khona izitshalo zezimboni endaweni kwelinye izwe, ungagcina eziningi:

• ukubaluleka kwengcebo yemvelo (uma izwe ukuthi ungumnikazi sezizwe corporation ayivikelekile uhlobo ngokwanele ezithile izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukwakhiwa osizayo ungakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga ensimini yomunye);
• (Ukukhiqizwa ngenxa umehluko ngokuya kwezomnotho ngezinye izikhathi eshibhile lomthofu, kunjengokungathi "hhayi ekhaya") endaweni intela;
• emholweni wabasebenzi (uma, isibonelo, amaJalimane baseMelika bayawuthanda kakhulu umsebenzi wabo impela high, kunezilwane abomdabu efanayo eMexico uvuma imali elincane).

Izizathu corporations ngamazwe yavama. Kuyinto lezi zimiso ubambe TNCs ngobukhulu.

Izinhlobo ezixhaphaza

Kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu TNCs: International, inkampani esemazweni amaningi kanye nephasi loke.

Uhlobo lokuqala kuyinto corporation ukuthi kudala emagatsheni awo kwamanye amazwe, kodwa lezi timphawu tesakhiwo abahlukene. Okungukuthi, banayo ukukhiqizwa yabo futhi ucwaningo nentuthuko. Noma kunjalo, igunya eliphelele yinkampani umzali usebenzisa.

Uhlobo lwesibili ukhonza njengelungu isixhumanisi phakathi izinkampani kazwelonke emhlabeni jikelele. Empeleni, lo mbono kakhulu uchaza lokho TNCs. Inkampani ngamunye ngaphakathi MNC, izimele lapho sifeza noma isiphi imisebenzi.

Uhlobo lwesithathu umelwe isici TNCs ngobukhulu. Ukuze sifeze lokhu samuntu, inhlangano noma ihlinzeka design lobunikazi zokukhiqiza, kanye nakwamanye amazwe, noma izakhi esikhiqiza komkhiqizo, futhi inhlangano isivele ababenza ezinye izitshalo. Selokhu 80, le zilwane luyachuma. I TNCs ngobukhulu namanje ulandele oda elinikeziwe.

TNK ukulawula indlela

The main ukuphathwa corporate kukhona izitayela amabili aphikisanayo samuntu: i yinye kanye ekuhlukanisweni.

Inketho yokuqala isifiso TNCs ngokudalwa isikhungo esisodwa. Kufanele kube ezweni okungokukaNkulunkulu Corporation. umnyango Abanye ukuqhuba imisebenzi yabo kuphela kwemvume inkampani umzali.

Indlela yesibili ivumela ukuba wenze izinqumo. zokuqondisa elisungulwe egatsheni ngalinye. Ezingaphansi, njengoba umthetho, ngokwanele esizimele kwamanye amagatsha ale nhlangano.

Imithombo imisebenzi ephumelelayo ezixhaphaza

izici ngokuqhathanisa we TNCs ngobukhulu, izinzuzo ezingokoqobo lapho akunakuphikwa, uthi lokhu okulandelayo: ukusetshenziswa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela kwamanye amazwe, kanye namakhono wezimali, ikuvumela ukuba sandise, ukuze uthwebule noma ukugcina emakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi ngempumelelo ngenxa budebuduze abathengi angaphandle. Ukuqaphela beqhuba izivivinyo ucwaningo, kanye nemiphumela yabo zinhle kakhulu sokuthuthukisa ezixhaphaza abantu emhlabeni.

Ngaphezu lezi zimiso ngezici okuqhathanisa TNCs ngobukhulu kwenza kucace ukuthi imisebenzi emazweni amaningi ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokusiza nokuncintisana futhi kuthuthukise ubudlelwano namazwe umlingani.

Izibalo zamafa angaphandle

Izindawo ezisemqoka womsebenzi we yenkampani wamanje - kungcono electronics, yezimoto, izimayini kanye ukucutshungulwa uwoyela. I TNCs ngobukhulu ngokuvamile ukutshala imali amafa non-core sinombono ukuzinza eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke. Endaweni yokuqala ngokuya amafa angaphandle kuhoxiswe elandelayo corporations:

• "General Electric". Izwe - United States, uhlobo nomsebenzi - electronics. Ingxenye amafa angaphandle ingu-30%.
• "Royal Dutch Shell". Izwe - Netherlands - United Kingdom, umsebenzi - embonini kawoyela. I share kwempahla angaphandle - 66%.
• "Ford." Izwe - United States, uhlobo nomsebenzi - Izithuthi. I share kwempahla angaphandle - 30%.

Ngaphezu kwalokho izinkampani ezisohlwini ukuba kusenabantu amaningi TNK, usebenzisa indlela yentuthuko ekuzuzeni nokusimama.

uhlu corporations

Isikhombisi esibalulekile ekuphumeleleni yenkampani emakethe international ukubaluleka yokuthengisa waqaphela endaweni kwamanye amazwe. I TNCs ngobukhulu, uhlu okuyinto esethwe ngezansi iye ihlaziye yilesi simiso. Futhi, ngaphezu uhlobo umsebenzi kanye nezwe yomnikazi, izinto kufakwe ezingenayo kanye corporations:

1. Walmart (mkhakha, US) - 482,130.
2. State Igridi Corporation of China (ugesi, China) - 329,601.
3. China National Petroleum (uwoyela negesi wemboni, China) - 299,271.
4. Sinopec Groupe (Petrochemical umkhakha, China) - 294,344.
5. Royal Dutch Shell (uwoyela negesi wemboni, Netherlands - United Kingdom) - 272,156.

Lezi akuzona zonke TNCs. Kodwa kusukela ngo-2016, lezi zinkampani ezakha emihlanu phezulu.

TNK eRussia

Kusukela ekupheleni kwelikhulu lesi-XIX Russia wazama ukuzihlanganisa emisebenzini ezixhaphaza emhlabeni. Kodwa deceleration njalo ngenxa ukuvukelwa izinguquko zezombusazwe abavunyelwe ukuqhuba le nqubo ngokuphelele. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kuze kube namuhla ezweni elalibuswa yizindinganiso amasevisi kanye nemikhiqizo izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe. Kuphela esanda kutholakala, Russia eyingoduso kudalwa abo amaqembu zezimali-ezimbonini (amakhiwane), okuyizinto kakhulu efana le TNC.

izici ngokuqhathanisa we TNCs izwe elikhulu kunawo wonke kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu XX agcwaliswa ummeleli Russian, okungukuthi 1996 isilinganiso enyatheliswa-Financial Times, okwethulwa inkampani "Gazprom".

Okwamanje, ukuthuthukiswa bezinkampani Russian kancane kuka kwamanye amazwe. Ukuze uthole ukukhuthazwa yaphumelela kakhudlwana eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke Russia kufanele hlanganani imizamo yokuthuthukisa amaqembu abo zezimali nezezimboni, kanye amazwe enobungane.