"Ukuhlala ezifana nempilo," Chukovsky. Isifinyezo ukuhlaziywa

Okokuqala UKorney Ivanovich Chukovsky eyaziwa ngokuthi umbhali izinkondlo zezingane mayelana Moidodyr nezihlalo flying. Kodwa njengoba nesazi umhlaziyi etemibhalo iye wakhuthaza ukuze kulondolozwe abaphilayo, isiRashiya iphile. Incwadi enikelwe isihloko esithi "Ukuphila ezifana nempilo" (eyanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1962) Ingabe abe zakudala. Mayelana okuqukethwe yayo namuhla futhi sizobe ukukhuluma.

Isahluko Sokuqala: "emidala entsha"

Izinganekwane ezikhuluma ngabantu isazi somthetho esidumile futhi Academician Anatoly Koni kuvula esahlukweni sokuqala "Ukuhlala ezifana nempilo" (Chukovsky), sifinyeto esiphila kuso manje nazo ke. Anatoly wayeyindoda unesihe esikhulu kakhulu. Kodwa kuze kube isikhathi kuphela njengento engenangqondo abezwa inkulumo Russian. Khona-ke intukuthelo yakhe Kwakuyintokozo yodwa, nakuba ngokuvamile umthombo wawuyinto akufanele sisole.

Iqiniso liwukuthi kuyilapho academician zokuhlonipha esemdala. Wazalwa wakhulela izinsuku lapho igama elithi "ngempela" kusho "ngomusa, ngenhlonipho." Kodwa iye yazuza kakhulu ukubaluleka ukudlula isikhathi, futhi manje ngabe "nakanjani". Noma ubani oye wachitha wasebenzisa igama elithi "ezidingekayo" ngokwencazelo yaleli "zonke izindlela", masinyane bawa ngaphansi ithala ukugxekwa.

Lezi zinguquko kolimi, futhi kukanjani okubi njalo, ka "isifo" nezinye inkulumo Russian ekutshela kule ncwadi, UKorney Ivanovich Chukovsky.

Isahluko Sesibili: "isifo acabangwayo futhi - kweqiniso"

Yini ibhekwe "isifo kwegama elithi"? Incwadi "Ukuhlala ezifana nempilo" (Chukovsky), uhlobo okuyinto singachazwa ngokuthi isiphambano phakathi journalism nocwaningo ngokolimi kusiza ukuqonda lo mbuzo.

Bewazi yini ukuthi izinkondlo Pushkin igama elithi "olubucayi" Akuyona into engavamile kakhulu kithi - "izimpahla ezomile"? Igama elithi "umndeni" ajwayelane, ngesikhathi izigqila lokuqala kwakusho nezinceku, bese - unkosikazi. Abathandwayo "lozalo" futhi igama elithi "lokudlela". Okokuqala kwaba igama isidlo esimnandi kakhulu kwekhulu XVII, izicukuthwane othandekayo. Khona-ke lokudlela waqala ebhekisela nobuhlungu obukhulu esiswini, babulala Mash ezimbi. Amasosha wayiphonsa imbiza ukupheka inhlanzi unpeeled esihlabathini, onion, breadcrumbs, sauerkraut kanye konke wawususeduze. Bese "lokudlela" ithole zonke ijwayelekile "ukudideka, libheke phezulu."

Lezi kugucuka - ulimi zemvelo bukhula futhi asathuthuka, futhi kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuba simelane, ngisho silly, umlobi ukholelwa.

Isahluko sesithathu: "Ngamazwi olunye ulimi"

Lesi sahluko kuliragelo okunomqondo kulowo odlule. Incwadi "Ukuhlala ezifana nempilo" (Chukovsky), sifinyeto okuyinto sixoxa, ubuyoba ongaphelele ngaphandle kwamagama eziyinqaba. UKorney Chukovsky wabhala eziningi izincwadi ukuze abantu abavamile obakhathalelayo kulondolozwe isiRashiya. Abaningi babekholelwa ukuthi amazwi angaphandle kufanele axoshwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Umbhali unika izibonelo amazwi ongaziwa osekuyisikhathi eside Russian: algebra, utshwala, Stocking, igenge, rally, isondo, ithrekhi, ukuzikhohlisa, sina ... "Kungenzeka yini ukuba abaphonse aphume ophilayo inkulumo Russian?" - ebuzwa Chukovsky. Nokho, uyajabula ukuthi amagama amaningi abavela kwamanye amazwe abavunyelwa bagxilile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke futhi wathatha isikhundla Russian bomdabu. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ethandwa "frishtikat" Kasayikubuyela isilinganiso umuntu limi. Kunalokho, senza koke "yidlani ukudla kwenu kwasekuseni."

Isahluko Sesine: "Umslopogasy"

Fashion ukunciphisa ngamazwi futhi akakwazi konakalisa isiRashiya. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe "Ukuhlala ezifana nempilo" (Chukovsky), ukuhlaziywa okuyinto esisichitha, bachitha isahluko sonke. Futhi akumangalisi. Lifinyelela ukukhombisa ukulinganisela kubaluleke kangakanani kuzo zonke izinto. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuncishiswa ezifana MAT, ibhange imali, akazange bonakalise kosuku inkulumo Russian.

Kodwa fashion ukunciphisa futhi eyaqanjwa eziningi "izilo". Tverbul Pampush ngempela - Abakwazi Abakwenzayo Boulevard, isikhumbuzo Pushkin. Massively mfushane amagama - Peter P. waphenduka Pe Pa kokubili abafundi kanye nothisha nabo. Kodwa okubi kunakho konke babe nokwehla-pallindromy Rosglavstankoinstrumentsnabsbyt, Lengorshveytrikotazhpromsoyuz, Lengormetallorempromsoyuz nabanye yalolu hlobo.

Nale kubalulekile ukuphetha omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu: kwenza umuzwa isitayela Ingxenye.

Isahluko sesihlanu: "vulgarisms"

Abafundi 1960 Ibhekwa amazwi "okuyichilo" njengokuthi "Sivolap", "ibhulukwe", "ziyanuka", "udoti", "ukushaya impumulo yakho" futhi eziningi kuzo kanjalo lendoda wanamuhla nakanjani zemvelo. Umbhali ukhumbula incwadi uthukuthele ekhelini lokuthi isihloko wasebenzisa igama elithi "champs."

Kanti kungokunye - a isitsotsi inhlamba of intsha yanamuhla, ubhala "empilweni Phila njengenhlangano" Chukovsky. Isifingqo isahluko wukuqinisekisa ukuthi lomkhakha ezifana "Bullshit", "vshendyapilsya" (esikhundleni "uthando"), "chuvikhi", "kadrishka" (esikhundleni "intombazane"), "lobuda," "langa" nokunye ezingcolisa hhayi Russian kuphela, kodwa futhi imiqondo ukuthi uzimele abantu abasha.

Umbhali iso esifanele ukuthi Dude ngubani vshendyapilsya e kadrishku uhlangabezana kude hhayi umuzwa sublime uthando, echazwe evesini ka-Aleksandru Blok. Yokubola ulimi ngokusebenzisa vulgarschiny kuholela ukuwohloka kokuziphatha, ngakho ijagoni kufanele iqedwe ngentshiseko.

Isahluko Sesithupha: "Kumile"

Leyo ncwadi UKorney Chukovsky "ukuphila Phila njengenhlangano" wangitshela igama layo kuphela real "sifo," isiRashiya - kantselyaritu. Leligama lisetshenziswa zezilimi, kuhlanganise umhumushi Nora Gal encwadini "IZwi kwabaphilayo nakwabafileyo."

Office - yilona limi ubushiqela, amaphepha ibhizinisi kanye namahhovisi. Zonke lezo "phezulu", "esikhishwe lesi sitifiketi," "umasipala uthobela izidingo ezinqunyiwe", "ngesisekelo lesi", "futhi ngenxa yalokho '," kube kungekho "," ngenxa yokuntuleka "," njengoba "ngokuqinile ezithathwe endaweni yalo ezincwadini zebhizinisi ( ngaleyo ndlela ngezinye izikhathi ukufinyelela engenangqondo).

Inkinga iwukuthi Office afakwe ulimi evamile ezikhulunywayo. Manje, esikhundleni "ihlathi eliluhlaza" baqala ukukhuluma "endaweni eluhlaza" "iyalwa" njalo waba "ingxabano," nokunye. Lezi ematfuba ibinzana waboleka izibambiso izdelovyh babe "litmus test." Ngikholwa ukuthi yonke cultured, umuntu ziziphatha kahle kufanele abe la mazwi isichazamazwi yayo.

Ithi emsakazweni "Gone imvula enkulu" sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi angadle ngabuhle obutheni futhi uncultured. Kunalokho it kwakuzwakala "nezimvula ezinkulu ayeka." Ngeshwa, inkinga alukapheli kantselyarita. Namuhla, lesi sifo uye waqinisa isikhundla salo nakakhulu. Akekho usosayensi zingakwazi ukuvikela mqondo, ezibhalwe ngolimi ecacile, elula. Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke sihlale ufaka zokubhala imishwana ngaphandle ngisho nokuqaphela. Ngakho uyaphila, eqinile, ISKRAN Russian Ukukhuluma uphendulela grey futhi yomile. Futhi kuba kuphela ulimi sifo ukuba combated.

Isahluko Sesikhombisa: "Ngokuphambene izakhi"

Abaningi bayakubona ukuwohloka isiRashiya njengoba element ngawo akunakwenzeka ukuba ubhekane nezimo. Uyabhala "empilweni Phila njengenhlangano" Chukovsky. Isifinyezo nowokugcina, isahluko lwesikhombisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngesikhathi lapho ulwazi ngamunye atholakalayo, ngokuvamile ivulekile futhi kusihlwa esikoleni, akekho umuntu unelungelo ukuba abe bengafundile, akazange alihloniphe ngolimi lwabo.

Zonke amagama angafanele kanye ematfuba ibinzana kufanele kususwe, kanye nesiko uquqaba Kufanele usukume kunokuba iwe. Futhi ulimi nje ekhulunywayo kube inkomba yokuthi ukukhula noma nokwehla isiko.

Imiphumela

K.Chukovsky esifundweni sawo omula discus ngobukhulu emhlabeni isiRashiya. Akazange abanamathela iyiphi langapha kwaphuma idatha bahlolwe ngokucophelela futhi umuzwa Ingxenye. Njengoba K. Paustovsky, UKorney Ivanovich bathandile isiRashiya, ngakho "ukuphila Phila njengenhlangano" kuze kube manje Liyincwadi nakanjani funda konke - izazi zezilimi, kanye nalabo abafuna ukuthandana nabaphilayo, ulimi elula Russian.