Ukuxilongwa umehluko ubuhlungu besisu. Besisu syndrome - kuyini?

Uma uhlangabezana ubuhlungu besisu, abaningi rush ukuthatha iphilisi, "Kodwa-spa" noma "ftalazol", bekholelwa ukuthi babene-nkinga isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene. Nokho, esiswini kungase Ache ngenxa yezizathu kweshumi nhlobo noma kuya esiswini noma emathunjini. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa liyalingana yigama lezokwelapha - besisu syndrome. Kuyini lokhu? Igama livela Latin "esiswini", okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "esiswini." Lokho konke lihlotshaniswa kule ndawo zomzimba womuntu iyona besisu. Ngokwesibonelo, isisu, amathumbu, kwesinye, ubende, nezinso - kuyinto izitho besisu, futhi kolwelwesi, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, nesifo nezinye izinkinga zesisu - isifo besisu. Ngu Isifaniso, lesisu syndrome - ke enkingeni endaweni esiswini (kanzima ubuhlungu, ukuluma, cramping nezinye imizwa engafanele). Lapho sikhalazo umsebenzi ngesineke udokotela ku kwamangqamuzana efanele izimpawu, hhayi ukuthi usephutheni nge uphethwe. Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kuyenziwa umkhuba futhi yiziphi izici ubuhlungu ezihlobene nesifo ngamunye.

ingaphakathi Human besisu

Ukwenza kube lula ukubhekana lo mbuzo: "? Besisu syndrome - kuyini" futhi ngiyiqonde indlela esithathwe, kudingeka siqonde ngokucacile lokho okungaphakathi esiswini yethu, okuyinto ke has izitho njengoba nihlanganyele. ungabona kwendikimba tube emphinjeni ezithombeni yokwakheka, baggy lesisu, amathumbu writhing inyoka, ilungelo ngaphansi izimbambo isibindi, ubende, kwesokunxele, ezansi esinyeni kuya ureter, elula esuka nezinso. Yilokho, efana, yilokho kuphela. Eqinisweni, ingaphakathi lethu besisu has a isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Evamile, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu. umngcele engenhla kuyinto - esandleni esisodwa - imisipha oluyingungu ukushaya diaphragm. Ngenhla kuba umgodi thoracic namaphaphu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ingxenye engenhla ahlukaniswa isilinganiso okuthiwa mesentery we-colon. Zalesisibaya kabili ungqimba, ngayo nefunda ngayo zonke izinhlaka ipheshana yesisu Banamathele emuva sesisu indiza. Esikhathini ingxenye phezulu has izigaba zezizwe ezintathu - isibindi, amanyikwe kanye indlala. Ingxenye phakathi mesentery elisukela ngaphambi kokuqala ukhalo. Kuyinto kule ngxenye esiswini ndawo enkabeni. Ekugcineni, ingxenye engezansi - indawo indishi esincane, okuyinto atholakala endaweni izitho urogenital futhi izinhlelo zokuzala.
Noma yimuphi kwezinso (ukuvuvukala, ukutheleleka, imiphumela mechanical futhi amakhemikhali, zokugula ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano) emzimbeni ngayinye ngenhla wahlela izingxenye ezintathu ezibangela besisu syndrome. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-peritoneum kukhona igazi lymph ezitsheni ganglia. Phakathi kwabo edume kunazo kukhona le-aorta ne-plexus elanga. Inkinga kancane nabo futhi avuse ubuhlungu esiswini.

Ngamafuphi: besisu syndrome kungadalwa iyiphi okwaziwayo namuhla, nezifo zesisu kanye uhlelo urogenital, izinkinga nemithambo yegazi futhi izinzwa plexus we peritoneum, kumakhemikhali okungenakugwenywa (ubuthi, imithi), kokucindezelwa mechanical (ecindezela) kuzo zonke amayunithi eduze ukuthi zitholakala peritoneum.

ubuhlungu obuhlabayo

ukuxilongwa umehluko ubuhlungu besisu ngokuvamile iqala ukuhlonza indawo kanye nohlobo ubuhlungu. Kakhulu esisongela ukuphila futhi kunzima ukubekezelelana womuntu, yebo, ubuhlungu obuhlabayo. It kwenzeka ungazelele, kungazelelwe, ngokuvamile ngaphandle ebonakalayo sokucasuka nezimbangela zayo, ebonakaliswa ukuhlaselwa, okuthatha imizuzu embalwa ihora.

ubuhlungu olunamandla kungase kuhambisane ukuhlanza, ukukhishwa isisu, imfiva, Ukugodola, ukujuluka abandayo, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi. Ngokuvamile, banalo indawo eqondile (kwesokudla, kwesokunxele, phansi, phezulu), esiza ukusungula uphethwe ukuthethwa kwecala.

Izifo ezibangwa enjalo syndrome besisu - kuyinto:

1. izinqubo okuvuthayo ku peritoneum - oyingozi futhi relapsing appendicitis, diverticulitis Meckel, peritonitis, pancreatitis oyingozi noma cholecystitis.

2. Obstruction noma hernia strangulated.

3. perforation (perforation, imbobo) zeNhlangano peritoneum ezenzeka izilonda esiswini kanye / noma duodenal futhi diverticulitis. Kungaphinde kufake unokungaxhumani isibindi, aorta, ubende, izimila esibelethweni.

Ezimweni perforation, kanye appendicitis nokuphila peritonitis lesiguli 100% sincike ukuxilongwa okufanele kanye lokufeza ukuhlinzwa esiphuthumayo.

izifundo engeziwe:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (ivumela ukuhlola umsebenzi ukuvuvukala, ukucacisa lwegazi);
• X-ray (kubonisa ukuba khona noma ukungabi khona perforations, obstructions, umbhunu);
• ultrasound;
• uma kukhona izinsolo ukopha ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, okwenza esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

ubuhlungu chronic

Zikhula kancane futhi kuthatha izinyanga eziningi. Ukuzizwa ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba uma esingagwegwesi, edonsa, bezwe izinhlungu, ngokuvamile "ezichithekile 'ziye kuwo wonke azungeze we peritoneum, ngaphandle kwasendaweni ethize. ubuhlungu okungamahlalakhona kungakwenza abohle futhi ubuye, isibonelo emva kokudla. Cishe kuzo zonke izimo, lokhu kubonisa syndrome besisu izifo ezingamahlalakhona of komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu. Kungaba:

1) kolwelwesi (ubuhlungu ingxenye engenhla, isicanucanu, isisu esindayo, ukubhodla, isilungulela, nezinkinga sokuzikhulula);

2) esiswini futhi / noma izilonda duodenal kusaqalwa (zobuhlungu "esiswini," esiswini esingenalutho, ebusuku noma emva kwesikhashana ngemuva kokudla, isilungulela, regurgitation acid, ukuvuvukala, ukuqumba, isicanucanu);

3) ezinso (ubuhlungu ohlangothini lwakho noma esiswini, igazi kanye / noma isihlabathi umchamo, ukuchama ubuhlungu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza);

4) cholecystitis okungamahlalakhona (ubuhlungu kwesokudla ingxenye engenhla, ukukhathala, umlomo ebabayo, lokushisa ongaphakeme, hhayi odlulayo ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza - kwesinye isikhathi Bile, belching);

5) cholangitis okungamahlalakhona (e ubuhlungu kwesibindi, ukukhathala, isikhumba yellowness, izinga lokushisa ongaphakeme, e ahlekise zinganikwa ku inhliziyo futhi ukudla);

6) Oncology amathumbu e esigabeni sokuqala.

ubuhlungu Phindaphinda ezinganeni

Ngokuthi ubuhlungu yansukuzonke, okuphindayo ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Abakwazi zenzeka izingane yanoma yimuphi yobudala kanye abadala.

Ngo izinsana, imbangela evamile ubuhlungu esiswini babe colic emathunjini (kungenziwa kunqunywa ebukhali ephezulu bamisa okhalayo, ukungahlaliseki, distention besisu, ukwehluleka ukudla, emuva luqhephuke, kunezinxushunxushu ukunyakaza okusheshayo izibambo-imilenze, regurgitation). Isici esibalulekile salo colic emathunjini wukuthi ne ukuqedwa kwabo ingane iba ezolile, smiling, udla kahle. Ukuze sibhekane isifo kusiza ukushisa, uhlikihla esiswini, dill Vodicka. Nge ingane ekhula, konke loko kukhona ngokusuka kubo.

Inkinga sina kakhulu kangakanani lesi sifo besisu nezifo ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo ezinganeni. "Soma" kusho YesiGreki "umzimba." Lokho welithi "izifo ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo" kushiwo noma yimuphi isifo kwezitho zomzimba futhi yisiphi isici azalwa naso noma bathenga. Neonates zivame waphawula:

1) izifo ezithathelwanayo emathunjini (lokushisa kufika kumaleveli ezibucayi, ukwenqaba ukudla, ukucobeka, uhudo, regurgitation nokuhlanza Lomthombo okhalayo, kwezinye izimo, ukushintsha umbala kwesikhumba);

2) izifo ipheshana wokugaya ukudla (umbhunu, simila, njll).

Ukubeka uphethwe kulokhu kube nzima yokuthi ingane akakwazi ukukhombisa lapho kubuhlungu, abuye achaze imizwa yabo. ukuxilongwa umehluko ubuhlungu besisu in izinsana wenziwa esebenzisa ukuhlolwa ezengeziwe, ezifana:

• coprogram;
• ultrasound;
• ukuhlaziywa igazi;
• esophagogastroduodenoscopy;
• -X-ray barium yombala komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu;
• Ngomphimbo pH zokuqapha.

ubuhlungu Phindaphinda e abadala

Ngo izingane ezindadlana (ikakhulukazi abasesikoleni) kanye nabantu abadala izimbangela yansukuzonke ubuhlungu besisu kangangokuba zahlukaniswa imikhakha emihlanu:

• samafayela;
• ukuvuvukala (akukho ukutheleleka);
• ukusebenza;
• yokwakheka (ehlotshaniswa ne igunya elithile);
• microbiological (kubangele izilwanyana eziwuhlupho, ukuyohlala ipheshana wokugaya ukudla).

Kuyini ubuhlungu ezithathelwanayo kanye ukuvuvukala, ucishe ecacile. Futhi lokho kusho ukusebenza? Uma zinikelwe uphethwe, kanjani ukuqonda lapho igama elithi 'besisu sifo ngo izingane'? Kuyini lokhu? Chaza nomqondo ubuhlungu obusebenzayo kungaba ngakho: iziguli ngokuthi ukungakhululeki besisu ngaphandle kwesizathu futhi yezifo peritoneum. Abanye abantu abadala ngisho nokukholwa ukuthi umntwana elele khona ngobuhlungu bakhe, inqobo nje uma Asitholanga ukuphulwa. Nokho, esenzakalweni esiyisimangaliso esenzeka imithi khona okunjalo, futhi lapho kuba, njengoba umthetho, ezinganeni abaneminyaka engama 8. Ubuhlungu obusebenzayo kungabandakanya:

1) migraine besisu (ubuhlungu besisu kuba yikhanda kulandele ukuhlanza, isicanucanu, ukudla ukwehluleka);

2) dyspepsia obusebenzayo (kusuka ingane enempilo ngokuphelele, ubuhlungu phezulu esiswini ingxenye futhi zinyamalale emva ukunyakaza wamathumbu);

3) ukucasuka emathunjini.

Enye uphethwe impikiswano kwaba "sibi zokuphefumula igciwane lohlobo nge besisu syndrome" ezinganeni. Ukwelashwa kulokhu has a ngokucacile ezithile, njengoba izingane unezimpawu kanye imikhuhlane kanye nezifo emathunjini. Ngokuvamile, odokotela ukuxilonga izingane, abanelungelo izimpawu kancane sibi zokuphefumula izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (isib, umkhuhlane), kanye isiqinisekiso yezifo ipheshana yesisu is hhayi itholakele. Imvamisa Ezimweni ezinjalo, kanye netifo sendawo bafanelwe okwengeziwe ekuhlanganiseni kwaso.

Acute syndrome zokuphefumula nge besisu

Lokhu zokugula landile zasenkulisa esikoleni samabanga aphansi abantwana. Kubantu abadala, lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu. Kwezokwelapha, acute izifo zokuphefumula ne-acute izifo zokuphefumula viral ezihlobene uhlobo olulodwa izifo, njengoba RE (nezifo zokuphefumula) ngokuvamile ezibangelwa ama-virus, futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo idluliselwe isigaba RVI. kalula kakhulu "catch" ngamaqembu yezingane - izikole, izinkulisa, kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho bonke Umkhuhlane zokuphefumula ezaziwayo, ingozi enkulu okubizwa ngokuthi "isisu umkhuhlane" noma Rotavirus. Wabuye okwatholakala SARS nge besisu syndrome. Ngo izingane, izimpawu zesifo avele izinsuku 1-5 emva kokutheleleka. Isithombe emitholampilo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• ngezikhalo ubuhlungu esiswini;
• ukuhlanza;
• isicanucanu;
• lokushisa;
• isifo sohudo,
• amakhala yisisu;
• ukukhwehlela;
• obomvu emphinjeni;
• ukugwinya buhlungu;
• ukucobeka, ubuthakathaka.

Njengoba singabona ohlwini, futhi izimpawu ezisobala imikhuhlane kanye nezifo emathunjini. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ingane ngempela ukwethula amakhaza plus emathunjini isifo ezivamile odokotela kufanele bahlukanise kahle phakathi. Ukuxilongwa ukutheleleka Rotavirus liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kuhlanganisa Assay immunosorbent, electron microscopy, kwezulu ehlasela umzimba wonke, ethwele sebuningini ukusabela. Ngokuvamile odokotela bezingane kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini ngaphandle ezifana cwaningo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuphela kube-sekubonakaleni emitholampilo ye isifo futhi ngesisekelo the anamnesis. Rotavirus, nakuba zikhona izimpawu umkhuhlane, musa batheleleke nge engenhla izitho zokuphefumula kanye ipheshana emathunjini, ngokujwayelekile ikholoni. Umthombo ukutheleleka - umuntu ogulayo. Rotavirus ukungena emzimbeni umnikazi omusha ngokudla, izandla ezingcolile, izinto zangamalanga (isib amathoyizi), ezisetshenziswa nesineke.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa SARS nge besisu syndrome okufanele iqhutshwe ngesisekelo uphethwe. Ngakho, uma ubuhlungu besisu e ingane kubangelwa imikhiqizo sokugembula womsebenzi esibalulekile amagciwane zokuphefumula, therapy lesi sifo ecashile, plus rehydration ngokuthola sorbents. Uma Rotavirus waqinisekisa ukutheleleka akwenzi mqondo lokuqoka imithi elwa namagciwane ingane, ngoba akunamthelela pathogen. Ukwelapha liqukethe yokwamukela ocushiwe carbon sorbents, ukudla, ukuphuza luningi. Uma leyo ngane izokwazi sohudo samanje, probiotics amiswa. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo ngokugoma.

ubuhlungu Paroxysmal ngaphandle isifo wamathumbu

Ukwenza kube lula ukuze sinqume ukuthi kubangelwa sifo ka ubuhlungu besisu zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ngokusho endaweni lapho esiswini, lapho babesizwa kakhulu kunazo.

ubuhlungu Paroxysmal nge azikho izimpawu zokuphela dyspepsia zenzeka ingxenye maphakathi (mesogaster) kanye ephansi (hypogastrium). Ezinye izinto okungenzeka:

• KWAMAGUNDANE izibungu;
• Payra syndrome;
• pyelonephritis;
• hydronephrosis;
• nge kwezitho zobulili zabantu inkinga;
• isimiso emathunjini (akuphelele);
• stenosis (ecindezela) isiqu celiac;
• IBS.

Uma isiguli nje enjalo syndrome besisu, impatho ezinqunyiwe ngesisekelo ukuhlolwa eyengeziwe:

• ukuhlolwa eziphambili igazi;
• seeding indle ku amaqanda izibungu kanye nezifo emathunjini;
• urinalysis;
• Ultrasound ipheshana wokugaya ukudla;
• ergography (barium yombala irrigoscopy ugongolo indlela);
• Doppler ultrasound izitsha besisu.

Ubuhlungu besisu nge wamathumbu iziyaluyalu

Zonke izigaba ezinhlanu ubuhlungu yansukuzonke kungenzeka kumasegimenti aphansi futhi phakathi peritoneum ngesikhathi izinkinga namathumbu. Izizathu kungani kukhona esinjalo syndrome besisu, kakhulu. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• helminthiasis;
• iguliswa noma iyiphi imikhiqizo;
• nonspecific izilonda emathunjini (uhudo okwengeziwe waphawula, kwesihlalo kungaba kuvuze ubomvu noma igazi, ukubuyisa, ukungakuthandi ukudla, ubuthakathaka, isiyezi, kwesisindo);
• yesifo celiac (landile abantwana abancane phakathi ekuqaleni yokudla lwabo lwentombazane lwebhodlela okusanhlamvu);
• izifo ezithathelwanayo (salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis);
• pathologies ku ikholoni, isibonelo, dolichosigma (ikholoni sigmoid lide), ubuhlungu sengezwe ukuqunjelwa nokunwetshiwe;
• ukuntula disaccharidase;
• oluhambisana vasculitis.

Isimo yokugcina kwenzeka lapho elikhanyayo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kukhona yegazi evuvukele emathunjini, ekunqandeni yabo kwenzeka. Izizathu - kuliphazamise kwegazi futhi Ushintsho hemostasis. Lesi simo yaziwa nangokuthi oluhambisana syndrome besisu. Ubizwa umahluko ngokwamazinga ezintathu umsebenzi:

Mina (omnene) - izimpawu zikahle, kunqunywa ukusebenza ESR egazini.

II (maphakathi no-isisindo) - kukhona ubuhlungu ezincane peritoneum, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, kukhona ubuthakathaka, futhi ikhanda.

III (esibi kakhulu) - lokushisa eliphezulu, izinhlungu zekhanda ezinamandla futhi ubuhlungu besisu, ubuthakathaka, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza igazi, umchamo kanye endleni kuxutshaniswe negazi, ingadala ukopha esiswini futhi izibilini, perforation.

Uma uhlangabezana ubuhlungu ezingxenyeni phakathi nengezansi peritoneum izinsolo ku izinkinga wamathumbu, ukuhlola kuhlanganisa:

• Enwetshiwe igazi ukuhlaziywa (kwamakhemikhali kanye abelwe);
• coprogram;
• fibrocolonoscopy;
• ergography;
• sezinyawo amasiko;
• ukuhlolwa igazi amasotsha omzimba;
• ukuhlolwa i-hydrogen;
• Endoscopy futhi biopsy ijwabu encane emathunjini;
• ukuhlolwa immunological;
• ushukela ijika.

Ubuhlungu ingxenye engenhla besisu (epigastric)

Ezimweni eziningi, syndrome besisu ingxenye engenhla peritoneum is phetho ukudla futhi kungenzeka ukuzibonakalisa amafomu amabili:

• dispepsionnom, okwephula isisu ( 'nendlala izinhlungu' uya emva kokudla);
• dyskinetic (okuncane ubuhlungu, umuzwa wokuthanda ukudla, kungakhathaliseki inani udle ukudla, ukubhodla, ukuhlanza, isicanucanu).

Izimbangela izimo ezinjalo kungase kungabi gastroduodenitis, hypersecretion esiswini ka hydrochloric acid, ukuhlaselwa amagciwane, ama-worm emathunjini, izifo pancreatic kanye / noma ipheshana biliary, kahle motility gastroduodenal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuhlungu epigastric kungaba avuse Dunbar syndrome (zokugula celiac yomthambo i-aorta isiqu lapho isibambo diaphragm). Lesisifo azalwa naso, lezinceku (ngokuvamile) noma atholwe lapho umuntu eza ukukhula neyrofibroznoy ihlule.

Celiac isiqu (elikhulu legatsha iDemo aorta besisu) lapho kokucindezelwa etholwe eziphinwe aorta, ayisesemikhulu kakhulu emlonyeni waso. Lokhu kubangela besisu syndrome ischemic, ukuxilongwe kusetshenziswa Ngokuphambene X-ray (angiography). Celiac isiqu kanye nezinye isitsha igazi onika igazi ngaphakathi komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu zonke izitho emathunjini. Nakuba ecindezela ukulethwa igazi, futhi kungakho supply kwezitho izinto ezidingekayo senzeka hhayi ngokugcwele, okuholela-mpilo nokuswela (hypoxia) kanye ischemia. Izimpawu zesifo zifana yabonakala kolwelwesi, duodenitis, isilonda esiswini.

Uma amathumbu liningi igazi ukushoda wazibonela eba nesifo ischemic, enteritis. Uma igazi buyivelakancane ukuze kwesibindi, ukusha kwesibindi Kutfutfukisa kwamanyikwe iyaphendula yokuhluleka supply igazi pancreatitis.

Okungafanele aphanjaniswe ne kokuvela kwaleso sifo, kufanele kwenziwe kuphenyisiswe kweziguli esolwa angina besisu. ukuhlola Endovascular - lena indlela engcono liqukethe yokuthi imithambo yegazi ngesikhathi liphenywa ufaka therein ipayipi kokuba izakhiwo zama-X ray. Okusho ukuthi, indlela kuzovumela ukubona izinkinga imithambo yegazi ngaphandle ukuhlinzwa. Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Endovascular isetshenziswa zonke izifo izitsha besisu. Uma kunezinkomba zokuthi, izintambo nokuhlinzwa endovascular. kungenzeka eziphendula izikhalazo isiguli esolwa angina besisu:

• ubuhlungu ophikelelayo esiswini, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokudla, lapho kwenziwa noma yimuphi umsebenzi ngokomzimba noma ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo;
• umuzwa ukugcwala nobukhali ingxenye engenhla peritoneum;
• nokubhamuka;
• isilungulela;
• umunyu ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo;
• uhudo noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqunjelwa;
• ikhanda njalo;
• iphika;
• okusizwa ukushaya esiswini;
• kwesisindo;
• ukukhathala jikelele kanye ubuthakathaka.

luhlolo kuphela sangaphandle isiguli, kanye izindlela zokuxilonga okujwayelekile (igazi, umchamo, ultrasound) akuzona esibucayi kuya ukuthola lesi sifo.

Vertebral syndrome besisu

Lolu hlobo lwe-pathology ingenye nzima kakhulu ukuthola. Ihlala eqinisweni lokuthi iziguli izimpawu ezicacile zezinkinga pheshana emathunjini (ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza okungapheli, ukubhodla, isilungulela, uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa), kodwa kubangelwa izifo yomgogodla noma ezinye izingxenye uhlelo zemisipha. Odokotela bavame musa ayichaze imbangela ngokushesha, ngakho ukwelashwa wenziwa, akubi nemiphumela. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana izibalo, cishe 40% kweziguli osteochondrosis we thoracic, welashelwa lumane wamathumbu isifo sabo, futhi isisu. isithombe Ngisho nakakhulu iziyaluyalu umgogodla. Ubuhlungu Ezimweni ezinjalo ngokuvamile ezidabukile, zomile, ngokuphelele ongakaphathelani ukudla futhi uma iziguli ukuqunjelwa noma isifo sohudo, kungukuthi selashwe izindlela ezivamile. Imbangela lezi zifo ezilandelayo ungakwazi vertebral besisu syndrome:

• spondylosis;
• ukugobeka komhlandla;
• Isifo sofuba yomgogodla;
• syndromes ezihambisana nezinguquko isimila e ikholomu umgogodla;
• syndromes visceral (Guttseyta).

Into ezidabukisayo wukuthi iziguli ukukhononda ubuhlungu besisu futhi okungezona wokugaya ukudla ipheshana pathologies, ngokuvamile waqonda njengoba malingerers. Ukuze uthole ukuthi imbangela simbe ubuhlungu besisu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela ezengeziwe ukuxilongwa, ezifana spondylography,-X-ray, i-MRI, rentgenotomografiya, ehospondilografiya nabanye.