Umfundisi omkhulu wesonto - ke ... Lezinzalamizi yeRussia. Umfundisi omkhulu wesonto Kirill

Umbhishobhi omkhulu - ke likhulu kunawo isithunzi owayelapho autocephalous Orthodox Christian Church. Igama liqukethe ukuxhumana ezimbili izingxenye impande kanye ngesiGreki sitolikwa njengoba "Ubaba", "ukubusa" noma "amandla." Lesi sihloko kwavunyelwana Chalcedon umkhandlu wesonto e 451. Ngemva uqhekeko ibandla lamaKristu e 1054 at Eastern (Orthodox) kanye Western (Catholic), lesi sihloko is ezingxenyeni sabaphathi we iSonto laseMpumalanga, lapho inzalamizi u-- ekhethekile phezulu isihloko umfundisi ubani ophakeme igunya kobufundisi.

izinzalamizi

Ngo BoMbuso WaseByzantium ngesikhathi ibandla liholwa izinzalamizi ezine: waseConstantinople, Alexandria, i-Antiyokiya neJerusalema. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba ukuzimela yazuza kanye autocephaly lamazwe ezifana Serbia futhi Bulgaria, uholé Isonto yema inzalamizi. Kodwa inzalamizi lokuqala eRussia akhethiwe 1589 yi eMoscow Cathedral nayiziphathimandla zesonto, kwaholela ngaleso sikhathi Umbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople uJeremiya II.

Lezinzalamizi Russia yaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni leSonto Lobu-Orthodox. Ngokuqinisekile indlela yabo ongenabugovu ongenabugovu kwaba nobuqhawe ngempela, futhi ngakho isizukulwane samanje kudingeka awazi ukuqaphela lokhu, ngoba ngamunye Lezinzalamizi eziyingozi empilweni ngesikhathi esithile siye saba nengxenye ekwenzeni ekuqiniseni ukholo lweqiniso ukuze izizwe Slav.

Jobe

Eyokuqala eMoscow uMphathi weSonto isibe uJobe, owayenesikhundla esiphezulu, okungukuthi esingcwele ngiyakuthatha kubantwana 1589 kuya 1605. Umgomo wayo lomkhulu kanye main ukuqinisa-Orthodox eRussia. WayeyiZwi Initiator of izinguquko eziningana esontweni. Ngaphansi dioceses yakhe kwamiswa amanye amasha kanye inqwaba zezindela, ibandla laqala ukuba kunyatheliswe izincwadi zemikhuleko. Nokho, inzalamizi 1605 wagudluzwa kwabozungu namahlongandlebe ngenxa yokwenqaba ukuya iqaphele igunya Amanga Dmitry I.

Hermogenes

Ngoba uJobe Sabefundisi kwaholela Svyaschennomuchenik Germogen. Ukubusa kwakhe ngomhla kusukela 1606 kuya 1612. Le nkathi kwaqondana nenkathi wokubusa bayakhathazeka kakhulu emlandweni Russian. Inzalamizi uJobe ngokukhululekile nangomoya ngesibindi wakhuluma ngokumelene abahlaseli abese Polish Prince, owayefuna ukwakha sobukhosi Russian. Phakathi naleso Hermogenes yena wajeziswa yi nabasePoland, ngubani Bamfaka esitokisini e-Miracle Monastery futhi belambile khona. Kodwa amazwi wayo sekuzwakala, futhi ngokushesha kwakheka nabezempi eholwa Minin futhi Pozharsky.

Filaret

Le nzalamizi olandelayo ngesikhathi kusuka 1619 kuya 1633 kwaba Fedor Nikitich Romanov Jura, ubani ngemva kokufa Tsar Fedor Romanov olwa esisemthethweni sakhe sobukhosi, njengoba kwakunjalo umshana Ioanna Groznogo. Kodwa Fedor yawela lihlazo Boris Godunov futhi tonsured indela, ethola igama Filaret. Ezikhathini inhlokomo ngesikhathi Amanga Dmitry II, Metropolitan Filaret waboshwa. Mikhail Romanov - kodwa 1613, indodana Filaret wakhethwa Tsar Russian. Ngakho, yaba co-ibamba, ngokushesha ngemuva Filaret kugxilile inzalamizi san.

mina Ioasafa

Ngundlalifa inzalamizi Filaret kusuka 1634 kuya 1640 waba umbhishobhi omkhulu Pskov futhi Velikiye Ioasafa mina, owachitha ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi ku-ukulungisa iphutha ezincwadini yesonto. Lapho-ke 23 amabhuku yesonto zavezwa, eyasungulwa zezindela emithathu abuyiselwe ezinhlanu ivaliwe ngaphambili.

Joseph

Umbhishobhi omkhulu uJoseph Imithetho ku isikhundla yenzalamizi kusuka 1642 kuya ngonyaka 1652. Wakhokha ukunakwa kakhulu ukukhanyiselwa okungokomoya, ngakho eMoscow Theological Academy "Rtishchevskaya ubuzalwane" lapho yasungulwa ngo 1648. St Andrew Monastery. Ukraine - sibonga kuye ukuthi izinyathelo zokuqala ekufezeni kokuhlanganiswa Russia kanye Little Russia wayethunjiwe.

Nikon

Ngemva kwalokho, kusukela 1652 kuya 1666 Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia eliholwa uMphathi weSonto Nikon. Wayengumuntu atehlukanisa ngokujulile nezingokomoya nobaba, abaqala elinezikhonzi nomthelela asize ngokuhlanganisa of Ukraine neRussia, bese Belarus. Ngaphansi kwakhe iminwe emibili uphawu lwesiphambano isishintshanisiwe ngeminwe amathathu.

Joasaph II

inzalamizi Seventh baba Joasaph II, Archimandrite ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra, owabusa kusukela ngo 1667 kuya ku 1672. Waqala ukuba aphishekele kwekuhlela kabusha ka uMphathi weSonto Nikon, lapho liqala ukufundisa abantu emaphethelweni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yeRussia komngcele China egudle uMfula Amur. Phakathi nokubusa Beatitude yakhe Ioasafa II Spassky Monastery yasungulwa.

Pitirim

EMoscow uMphathi weSonto Pitirim obusa izinyanga eziyishumi kuphela kusukela 1672 by 1673. Futhi kwabhapathizwa Peipsi sezindela Tsar uPetru I. Ngo-1973, ngenxa yesibusiso sakhe yasungulwa Ostashkov Tver sezindela.

Joachim

Zonke imizamo elandelayo uMbhishobhi Omkhulu uMuzi isinqumo 1674 by 1690, umelene ithonya lezinye Russia. Ngo 1682, ngesikhathi izinkinga ngenxa ukulandelana uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Joachim wenza ukuqeda Musketeers kuvukela.

Andrian

Weshumi uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Andrian abefundisi sinqamuke 1690 kuya 1700 futhi kwaba ebalulekile eyaqala ukusekela imizamo uPetru mina ekwakheni amasosha asemanzini, ezempi kanye yizinguquko kwezomnotho. Umphumela womsebenzi wakhe wayehlobene ukugujwa kokuthwasa canons kuphinde kuvikelwe namalungelo kanye esontweni lokuhlubuka.

uTikhon

Futhi-ke, eminyakeni nje ngemva 200 yenkathi Synodal kusuka 1721 kuya 1917, wanyukela esihlalweni sobunzalamizi, Metropolitan eMoscow Kolomna uTikhon, owabusa kusukela ngo-1917 kuya ku-1925. Emongweni kwempi yombango nokuvukela, kwakufanele bonyana enze ukubhekana nezindaba nesimo esisha, Umbono ophambene esontweni.

uSergiyu

Kusukela ngo-1925, Metropolitan uSergiyu of Nizhny Novgorod waba Lisekela wezinzalamizi Locum Tenens. Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ke kwakuhlelwa Defense Fund, lapho evusa imali izintandane yokutholwa. Kwakukhona ngisho omisiwe ithangi ikholomu ngaphansi kwegama Dmitry Donskoy. Kusukela ngo-1943 kuya ku-1944 wamiswa inzalamizi.

u-Alexis I

Ngo-February 1945, Umbhishobhi omusha Alexy mina, wangena indlela yesihlalo sobukhosi kuze 1970, wakhethwa. Yena waziphatha sokubuyiselwa imisebenzi amasonto wabhubhisa zezindela ngemva kwempi, ukuqala ngaso nodade oyi- Orthodox Amasonto, iSonto LamaRoma Katolika, amasonto Non-Chalcedonian aseMpumalanga kanye namaProthestani.

Pimen

Inhloko esilandelayo iSonto Lobu-Orthodox Umbhishobhi Pimen, ukuba singangeni ngenkani ihhovisi kusuka 1971 kuya ku-1990. Waba owalandela kugucuka okuqalwe izinzalamizi langaphambilini, futhi kuyo yonke imizamo yabo nokuqinisa ubudlelwano phakathi nezwe Orthodox emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ehlobo lika-1988 uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Pimen wahola belungiselela ukugujwa Millennium we Ukubhapathizwa Rus.

Alexy II

Kusukela ngo-1990 kuya 2008, Umbhishobhi omkhulu eMoscow Alexy baba Bishop II. phakathi nokubusa kwayo ngenxa ekukhuleni kwengqondo ukuvuselelwa Russian Lobu-Orthodox. Amasonto namathempeli amaningi zezindela avuleka ngalesi sikhathi. Lo mcimbi main kwaba kuvulwa ithempeli LikaKristu UMsindisi eMoscow. Ngo-2007, it ngemvume isikhalazo Isenzo yekhenoni iSonto Lobu-Orthodox ukuba Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia Ngaphandle yeRussia.

Kirill

Januwari 27, 2009 wakhethwa Umbhishobhi nesithupha eMoscow, okuyinto eyaba Metropolitan of Smolensk naseKaliningrad Kirill. Lokhu umfundisi ovelele biography ocebile kakhulu, ngoba umpristi sitholwa njengefa. Kule minyaka emihlanu wokubusa kwakhe, uMphathi Kirill wazibonisa njengenhlangano sezombusazwe abanolwazi futhi nawukuthi abanekhono sesonto, bakwazi ukufeza imiphumela emihle emfushane ngiyabonga isikhathi ubudlelwano kakhulu noMongameli noNdunankulu.

Umfundisi omkhulu wesonto Kirill ufeza lukhulu hlanganani Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia phesheya. ukuvakashelwa kwakhe njalo emazweni angomakhelwane ahlanganisa imihlangano ngezikhonzi nabameleli bezinye izinkolo ukuze ziqinise futhi sandise umngcele friendly futhi nibe nomoya wokubambisana. Bungcwele yakhe aziqonde ngokucacile ukuthi kubalulekile ukukhulisa isimilo nengokomoya yabantu futhi ikakhulukazi abapristi. Uthi ukuthi iBandla kuyadingeka ukuze bahlanganyele emsebenzini wezithunywa zevangeli. Bishop of All Russia, ngokucijile umelana abafundisi bamanga namaqembu olukhulu ukuthi push abantu zibe ukudideka sobala. Ngenxa izinkulumo amahle iziqubulo isikhali kufihlwe kukho ukubhubha eBandleni. Umbhishobhi omkhulu Kirill njengoba kungekho noyedwa umuntu uyakuqonda lokho isihloko omkhulu. Indlela omkhulu ukubaluleka salo ekuphileni wezwe. Umfundisi omkhulu wesonto -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu wezwe lonke futhi wonke abantu Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia.