Umlando ushokoledi

Umlando ushokoledi, ngokusho kongoti, waqala esikhathini seminyaka eyiNkulungwane izimakethe eMexico eminyakeni emithathu edlule. On the izithelo cocoa sekusaziwa wamaNdiya aseMelika we impucuko Olmec, obabukhona iminyaka 1,000 BC Futhi akazange ke kwenzeka kanjani?

Umlando ushokoledi: ekuqaleni

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba impucuko enkulu futhi owaziwa ezifana efana Maya Aztec, esifundeni eGulf of Mexico izizwe Olmec wahlala. Sinenkosi okuthile nje okokuqala futhi baqala ukulungiselela ukuphuziswa cocoa, nabo aba phakathi kwabantu bokuqala owakhulela ushokoledi izihlahla. Phela, igama elithi "ukuthi iyiphi umsindo" iphutha ngokunembile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke osekuyisikhathi eside isizwe yokuqothulwa.

Kamuva cocoa isiphuzo umlutha futhi amaMaya, kodwa ukuyibiza baba "shokolatl". Ama-Aztec, wabizwa ngokuthi "kakahuatl". By endleleni, ubonakala ukuthi abantu beZizwe akhethiwe njengezinto zokukhulekelwa yini engavamile. isiko amaNdiya njengezigqila eminyaka alandela ngomunye nomunye, kodwa isimo sengqondo cocoa bebelokhu ezingaphezu kuka okunenhlonipho njalo. AmaMaya ayekholelwa ukuthi kukhona ngisho nonkulunkulu cocoa ushokoledi neziphuzo kudliwe ngesikhathi namasiko enkolo, ucabangela lwaba ngcwele. Ama-Aztec futhi beqonda izithelo cocoa njengoba awukudla konkulunkulu, bekholelwa ukuthi "kakahuatl" ibanika oluningi nokuqonda okungokomoya.

Namuhla, umlando wasendulo ushokoledi is kahle kuyofikwa sibonga uyathola emangalisayo wathola endaweni Belize. kukhona kungenzeka ukuthola powder imivubukulo yobufakazi inzika, obhekisela, ngokososayensi, e 600 BC Ngenxa ahlukahlukene okuhlaziya amakhemikhali, kwatholakala ukuthi akuyona nje comminuted bese okuphekiwe cocoa, kulekelelwa ukungcola elimnandi.

Umlando ushokoledi wayiqhubekisa lapho 1502 Columbus lawela umkhumbi wakhe emhlabathini American. Khona-ke amaNdiya babephathwa ukuba indebe yakhe ushokoledi ashisayo. Nokho, isihambi, unqabile ukukhuluma ngokwamanje, kodwa wathatha iresiphi kanye cocoa izithelo nawe ukwethula seNkosini Spain. Monarch futhi akazange bayakwazisa eseyintsha. Futhi kuphela uma e 1519, ogwini Mexican futhi wanquma Cortes wangenela okumunyu kakhulu shokolethe ezinoshukela nge umoba, bese imenze emagcekeni ezigodlo iSpanishi, nomhlaba ophucukile baziswa lesi sidlo baziswa.

Chocolate yasetshenziselwa isikhathi eside kuphela ewuketshezi. ifomu tiled efanayo uqala ukuvela endaweni ethile phakathi nekhulu le-19, lapho i-British hit owavela nomqondo ukuxuba nokhokho oyimpuphu, cocoa ibhotela noshukela. On kashokholethi ngesikhathi esisodwa kwakukhona isidingo esikhulu. Namanje kamuva umkhiqizo omusha waqala engeza ubisi - ngakho wazalwa ushokoledi ubisi, okuyinto manje kahle ngaphambi udumo ezibabayo.

Namuhla izwe lonke uthanda ushokoledi, okungase kube ngenxa ubuchwepheshe eziphambili kakhulu ukukhiqizwa ukwenza asebentisa tindlela letehlukene ngokuphelele. Namuhla Confectioners ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo esekelwe cocoa nut, acidosis, fondant, iyogathi ofakwe nati okugazingiwe, izithelo ezomisiwe, izithelo candied, emoyeni irayisi, futhi kukho pepper okunoshukela. Chocolate ocwebezelayo ngokwesiko ihlobise iningi amakhekhe namakhekhe. Futhi-ke, zonke izingane kanye nabantu abadala abathanda ukuphuza cocoa isiphuzo ekuseni ukufika iholidi ikakhulukazi zenza ushokoledi enhle abacaphuni.

A chocolate Museum e Moscow - kungcono an amazing, indawo imilingo lapho amaphupho ukuze uthole sonke ingane ukuthatha uhambo phezu komfula ushokoledi (endleleni, yena uchazwa esitezi ukusungulwa) emhlabeni amaswidi, amnandi nebabayo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Abadala, ngokuqinisekile, ngeke futhi ngaphandle kwenzalo esichasiselweni ocebile thematic owethulwe lapha, okwakwenza ziphephile ezivela amaqoqo ezifana confectionaries edume ngokuthi Rot Front, Red Okthoba, Babaevskaya futhi yaletha esuka eGuatemala, eHonduras naseMexico, ukuqoqwa ethnographic lwezinto, ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne cocoa.