Umncintiswano eJalimane. Umncintiswano eJalimane 1936

Imvuselelo lamadolobha esimanjemanje Imidlalo yama-Olympic, wadlala indima ebalulekile isishoshovu French kwezenhlalo, uthisha Per De Kuberten. Emlandweni wamuva, imincintiswano yokuqala yayiqhutshelwa 1896 e-Athens. Ilungelo ukusingatha XI umdlalo ngo-1931 wathola eJalimane. Kwaba isenzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando ukuze amaJalimane, okuyinto kwasho ukubuya wezwe umphakathi wezwe lonke behluliwe kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala emva.

Mfushane Umlando

Kufanele athi ekuqaleni ukuthi eJalimane, ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha kakhulu komlando, kwakukhona neze iqembu elilodwa zinjalo. Ndawonye nezinye izifundazwe ezweni ahlanganyela kwenzeka e-Athens. Esikhathini esilandelayo Imidlalo ezine-Olympic iqhaza Germany wathatha indawana ngokushelela. Kodwa kamuva lesi simo ishintshile. Ngo-1920, lo mncintiswano ku Antwerp futhi 1924 Paris, amaJalimane awazange wavuma. Isizathu elivuthayo ka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ingasebenza ngcono isimo esikhathini interwar. AmaJalimane wathola hhayi kuphela ithuba iqhaza imincintiswano, kodwa futhi ukuba abe amakhosi azo. Summer imidlalo babe e Berlin, ebusika - ngonyaka ofanayo Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Amageyimu wasehlobo Berlin

Isinqumo ukuthi izobanjwa Olympics e eJalimane lobuNazi, kwanqunywa ngo-1931 - kweminyaka embalwa ngaphambi amaNazi athatha izintambo. imincintiswano International amaJalimane wazama ukusebenzisa njengendlela yokuthola inkulumo-ze. Ngokusho umbono wabo, abasubathi angaphandle iqhaza emidlalweni, okumelwe ukuba wazizwa ngayo abone ubuncane bakhe. Kodwa lokhu akwenzekanga. 1936 Olympics e-Germany, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi "imidlalo Owen." Kuyinto lokhu Umsubathi American wakwazi ukunqoba lapho amane egolide uphinde ube umsubathi ophumelelayo iningi mncintiswano. uhulumeni wamaNazi, ngakho-ke, kwadingeka zivume ukunqotshwa zokuziphatha. Noma kunjalo, naphezu kwakho konke vicissitudes zezombusazwe, ayelapho zikhathi omuhle. Ngokwesibonelo, kuvulwa imidlalo e Berlin, u bukhoma kuthelevishini.

Imincintiswano efana inkulumo amaNazi

Uhulumeni German uzokwenza konke ukuze Olympics eJalimane kwaba ngesibonakaliso impumelelo emhlabeni, eye wenza izwe ngaphansi kukaHitler. Wayephatha yonke imisebenzi wokulungiselela Yozef Gebbels - UNgqongqoshe Senkulumo-ze. Yonke inkambo imidlalo ngamazwe iye ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe enkulu futhi lihlotshiswe engakaze ibonwe kuze kube yileso sikhathi esikalini. Ngaleso sikhathi akukho kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezihambisana yakamuva ngesikhathi nezimfuneko zomsebenzi kanye wezemidlalo, kuhlanganise kuhlanganise Berlin inkundla ayizinkulungwane 100. Ezibukelini. Indawo iqhaza-amadoda ngesitsha elakhiwe ngokukhethekile emzaneni-Olympic. Kufanele kuqashelwe, kamuva baba imodeli zonke izikhungo ezifana esizayo. I Olympic Village iye kahle wacabanga ingqalasizinda: kukhona imitholampilo, eposini, ibhange, amahholo amakhonsathi, sauna. Abasubathi zafakwa ngaphandle kwalesi sigodi, amafulethi ukhululekile. On the inkulumo-ze emelene-lwamaSemite samiswa phakathi naleyo midlalo. Nokho, ngaphezu-Olympic, emigwaqweni Berlin njengoba isikhumba futhi wasebenzisa izimpawu amaNazi. Zonke izakhiwo ezindala Kuye alungisa, idolobha walethwa umyalelo egcwele.

Winter Olympic ngo Germany

Imincintiswano Kwakuseshwa Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Kumele wathi lokhu edolobheni Bavarian ubonakele sibonga Olympics. Ngomunye unyaka ngaphambi kwalesi senzakalo esikhulu kwaba nokuhlanganiswa nemizana ezimbili - Garmisch Partenkirchen. Kuze kube namuhla, idolobha lihlukaniswe by ujantshi futhi ixhunywe ngokusebenzisa ingxenye abezinyawo yezimoto imigudu ukuthi zazidlula ngaphansi komzila. Umncintiswano eJalimane 1940 ezingase zenzeke endaweni yakini lapho kanye. Kodwa nemidlalo eminingi yayenzelwa ikhanseliwe ngenxa ukugqashuka kwempi yezwe yesibili.

Bazoyiduba mncintiswano International

Kwekubuswa zamaNazi, ukuqedwa kwenkululeko civil kanye namalungelo, ukushushiswa ngonya ka Democrats social, bangamakhomanisi nezinye eyamukelwayo, kanye nemithetho anti-lwamaSemite Ushiye Akungabazeki ngokwesimo undlovu kayiphikiswa futhi ngibe nodlame, nemvelo zobandlululo umbuso kaHitler. Ngezenzo uya ukwakhiwa kwamakamu okuhlushwa, ezimbili zazo - eSachsenhausen (eduze Oranienburg) kanye eDachau (eduze Munich) uye wabambelela iziboshwa. Ngu-1935, uhulumeni ngonyaka wesishiyagalolunye German yethula izinsizwa. amabutho amaNazi wangena Rhineland (okungavunyelwe ukulwa kuyo ngesikhathi) March 7, 1936. Lo mcimbi kungukuphula oqondile we Versailles Treaty. Ngo-June 1936, e-Paris kwaba nengqungquthela yomhlaba wonke. Zonke abahlanganyeli baqaphela ukuthi ukubamba mncintiswano on ensimini-German aluhambelani nemigomo yeNhlangano imidlalo ngokwabo. Le ngqungquthela yagcina wabiza bazoyiduba. IKomiti-Olympic International, ephendula isicelo ethunyelwe umsebenzi okhethekile e-Berlin. Ekuhloleni simo, ochwepheshe baye ayitholakalanga yini nganoma iyiphi indlela kuphambene izimiso-Olympic.

imincintiswano isikali

Summer Olympics e-Germany isingathwe amaqembu 49. I-oda ayizinkulungwane 4 abasubathi, kuhlanganise nabesifazane abangaphezu kuka-300 owalwela ku 129 izinhlobo izindondo. Ithimba elikhulu yayimelelwe eJalimane. Kwakukhona 406 abasubathi. Inani lesibili ngobukhulu iqhaza kwaba iqembu US nge 312 abasubathi. AmaJalimane ezimpini zonke izinhlobo imincintiswano. Ukududuza nemibono yomphakathi iqembu wayengomunye poluevreyka - Helene Mayer, fencer. Yena won igolide-Olympic ngo-1928 futhi ngo-1932 bathuthela e-United States. Kodwa ngaleso Imidlalo e Berlin, ayezenza njengelungu leqembu German. Emva mncintiswano, Mayer wabuyela e-United States, futhi umalume wakhe, amaNazi ethunyelwe ekamu lokuhlushwa, lapho afela khona ngo-egumbini elinegesi nokulapho. Summer Olympics e-Germany 1936 kwaba nomhlangano ngaphandle iqhaza eSoviet Union. Ngesikhathi mncintiswano yahanjelwa abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezintathu e-Berlin, kuhlanganise mayelana izivakashi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili eziqhamuka emazweni ahlukahlukene. Kulinganiselwa ahlukahlukene eyalandela imidlalo big kwezigidi ezingu-300. Man. Summer Olympics e-Germany, nakhu okuye kwashiwo, isibe wokuqala emlandweni imincintiswano international, ezazisakazwa bukhoma. E Berlin, izikrini ezinkulu (inani 25) efakiwe amageyimu wokubuka ngokuhlanganyela.

umkhonyovu Goebbels

Wonke umuntu owafika ngo-1936 kuya ku Berlin, kuhlanganise nezintatheli eziningi, nobemele i-media kwezwe lonke, wabona eJalimane lobuNazi elinokuthula, phambili, izwe bejabule, abantu abathanda Hitler. Futhi inkulumo-ze emelene-zamaSemite, okuyinto kangaka ebhaliwe mayelana edition emhlabeni kwabonakala inganekwane. Ke kwabakho izintatheli kancane oqondayo owaphawula zonke lokhu farce. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, kwaba Uilyam Shirer - Intatheli American futhi kamuva isazi-mlando esaziwayo. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa lo mdlalo, wabhala ukuthi bezinto Berlin wayemane engumuntu olungaphambili lwesonto ukufihla ngemuva abacindezelayo zobandlululo umbuso lobugebengu. Lapho ama-Olympic e-Germany 1936 yaphela, uHitler baqhubeka ukufeza amacebo abo akunabuntu lokwandisa isiJalimane, kwavuselelwa ukucindezela nokushushisa yamaJuda. Futhi ngo-1939, lokuqala September, "okunokuthula futhi enobungane" Abagqugquzeli bemidlalo ngamazwe waqala 2 nd ngempi yezwe, amashumi ezigidi zabantu zabulawa lapho.

Ezenye mncintiswano

imidlalo Standout ngenani izindondo won kwaba iqembu German. abasubathi German wathatha 89 izindondo, kuhlanganise igolide - 33 esiliva - 26 zethusi - 30. The best of iqembu ubelokhu eqashelwa Conrad Fry - womzimba. Wanqoba owodwa wesiliva, ezintathu igolide kanye izindondo ezimbili zethusi. Ngokwezazi-mlando eziningi, ukusebenza ngempumelelo abasubathi German ngenxa ukusetshenziswa zokwenziwa testosterone, olwakhiwa ngo-1935. Ibe isilandelwa emncintiswaneni ngamazwe kwaba iqembu American. Abasubathi kusuka e-United States iwine 56 izindondo: zethusi 12 esiliva - negolide 20 - umphakathi 24. Izwe lakhunjulwa isikhathi eside span, okuyinto isingathwe Olympics e-Germany. 1938 kwaba ubufakazi lokuqala ukuthi. April 20 (lokuzalwa kaHitler) ezikrinini ka-documentary wadedelwa, "Olympia". Ngobusuku bokuqala sanikezelwa International Imidlalo Berlin. Waqondisa ifilimu Leni Refenshtal. I "Olympia" waqalwa eziningana imiphumela movie, uqondisa futhi amasu opharetha ukuthi kamuva waba ukusebenzisa emsebenzini wabo nezinye kinozhanrov wizadi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi "Olympia" kubhekwa ngochwepheshe eziningi tape engcono lo mdlalo, uma ubheka kumelwe kuqashelwe ukuthi lonke ifilimu kwaba uhlobo "ingoma" nenhlangano yamaNazi futhi Hitler mathupha.