Umthetho Weber - Fechner ku Psychology emizweni

umthetho Basic psychophysical exhunywe ne igama Gustav Teodora Fehnera (1801-1887 GG.) - physics isiJalimane, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sefilosofi, umsunguli we psychophysics. Encwadini yakhe ethi "Imisuka psychophysics" (1860), ubeka phambili umqondo wokuthi isayensi idinga ensimini entsha lolwazi study ubuhlobo ngokomzimba futhi izenzakalo engqondo. Lomqondo uye kamuva yaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni Psychology zokuhlola. Ucwaningo Kwenziwa emkhakheni emizweni, Fechner bavunyelwe bathethelele umthetho walo psychophysical eyaziwayo Weber - Fechner umthetho.

Eziyisisekelo zoMthetho ezihlobana ngayo ucwaningo Ernsta Genriha Weber (1795-1878) -. German anatomist, physiologist, umsunguli Psychology yesayensi, kanye izazi ezinjengo Wundt, uH Ebbinghaus, nabanye basonta Weber umbono yokulinganisa isayensi ngokwengqondo.

Izifundo zokuqala

Kusukela, ukunquma komthetho Weber - Fechner, E. Weber waqala ukutadisha emkhakheni emizweni ezibukwayo futhi sokuzwa, kanye emkhakheni isikhumba sensitivity (ethintekayo). Ikakhulukazi, Weber eyakhe ucwaningo nge umzimba lokushisa-sensitive.

Ngokwesibonelo, umphumela laligujwa okuthiwa lokushisa lithathelwe. Lapho omunye ingalo iqale ibekwe ngamanzi abandayo, futhi enye - kuya hot, khona-ke ngemva kwalokho amanzi afudumele esandleni lokuqala azovela kunakwezinye wesibili, unadapted.

Izinhlobo emizweni isikhumba Weber

Ngo-1834, Weber washayelwa imibono yakhe emizweni isikhumba ( "On the umqondo touch"). Scientific ihlukanisa ezintathu lezi emizweni:

• Ingcindezi umuzwa (touch);
• lokushisa umuzwa;
• kwasendaweni ukuzwa (indawo kwezendawo umfutho).

Weber futhi bahlakulele esthesiometry (ikhampasi Weber). Nale divayisi kwakunokwenzeka ukulinganisa ibanga elanele ukuhlukanisa kuthintwa ezimbili kanyekanye ebusweni isikhumba test. Umphenyi kwatholakala ukuthi ubukhulu ibanga akuyona njalo, inani layo ihlukile izingxenye ezahlukene kwesikhumba. Ngakho, lo okuthiwa Weber ichaza imibuthano emizweni. Umqondo wokuthi isikhumba somuntu has ukuzwela ezahlukene, futhi yaba nethonya umthetho Weber - Fechner umthetho.

ekwakhiweni

Umhlahlandlela, ukucacisa umthetho psychophysical Weber wakhonza njengephayona ucwaningo ubuhlobo emizweni nokushukunyiswa (1834). Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi ukuze umfutho omusha waqonda njengoba obhekene naso sehlukile kuleso sangaphambilini, kufanele abe umehluko kusuka umfutho yokuqala inani elinqunyiwe. Lokhu inani Ingxenye njalo umfutho yasekuqaleni. Ngakho, le ndlela elandelayo elisuselwa:

DJ / J = K,

lapho J iyona umfutho yokuqala, DJ - umahluko phakathi entsha kanye umfutho yokuqala, futhi K - kuba njalo kuye ngohlobo yokwamukela kuthinteke. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze umuntu ahlukanise phakathi ezintweni ukukhanya kudingeka Ingxenye 1/100 ukuzwakala ezishukumisa - 1/10, nesisindo ehlukahlukene - 1/30.

Ngemva kwalokho, ngokusekelwe idatha zokuhlola ichaza eziyisisekelo H. Fechner umthetho ifomula psychophysical: Inani ushintsho ukuzwa kuyinto wakhona logarithm umfutho. Ngakho, ubuhlobo ukushuba umuzwa kanye namandla we zamandla ashukumisayo, okuyinto siqondiswe umthetho Weber - Fechner, waveza kanje: izinguquko ukubaluleka emizweni umfutho i inchubekelembili izibalo, kuyilapho ubukhulu ukushuba ezishukumisa okuhambisanayo kuyahlukahluka exponentially.

isimiso-kuvinjelwe

Naphezu umnqopho ucwaningo, umthetho psychophysical Weber - Fechner has a emhlanganweni othile. Kwatholakala ukuthi umuzwa ecashile yamanani njalo akuzona. Ngokwesibonelo, ngeke ukwazi baphikisa ngokuthi umehluko ngokulambisa ukubonakala ngo emizweni lapho zihlatshwa imithwalo 100 g no 110 g iyafana umuzwa kancane obonakalayo lapho zihlatshwa imithwalo 1000 g futhi 1100 Ngakho, umthetho Weber - Fechner elinesimo ngenzuzo, ikakhulukazi ngokulinganisela-amandla ezintweni. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, idatha ngaphakathi umthetho ibaluleke kakhulu esisebenzayo.