Salt. ammonium Bicarbonate

Kuyini usawoti?

Isigaba zamakhemikhali ezihlanganisa seka metal noma ammonium seka, oluhambisana anion we moiety acid inegama ejwayelekile - usawoti. Basuke ihlukaniswe evamile (noma esimaphakathi), ene-asidi, eziyisisekelo, kabili, hydrate (crystalline hydrate) eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukuze evamile (noma esimaphakathi) nosawoti libhekene esikhundleni ephelele hydrogen cations e-molecule acid on metal noma ammonium seka, ezifana sodium sulphate Na2SO4 noma i-calcium carbonate CaCO3.

Uma i-molecule ye-acid hydrogen cations kancane ukufaka endaweni ngumuntu seka, ezifana nosawoti acid abizwa ngokuthi, isibonelo, ammonium Bicarbonate NH4HCO3 noma sodium hydrogencarbonate NaHCO3.

Uma i-molecule ye isizinda wayengekho esikhundleni ephelele futhi ngokwengxenye amaqembu hydroxyl phezu olukhulu acid, usawoti kwakhiwa abizwa ngokuthi eziyisisekelo, isibonelo, ithusi digidroksokarbonat (CuOH) 2CO3.

Ngo ifomula iqukethe nosawoti ezimbili kabili cations ezahlukene, isb, aluminium kanye potassium potassium alum Kal (SO4) 2 • 12 H2O.

Ngo ifomula, usawoti okuxubile iqukethe anion ezimbili ezihlukene, isib, bleach CaCl (OCl).

Ukwakheka hydrate nosawoti zihlanganisa ama-molecule yamanzi crystallization, isib, sulfate yethusi (blue) CuSO4 • 5 H2O.

La ma-molecule aqukethe nosawoti eziyinkimbinkimbi noma seka eziyinkimbinkimbi anion eziyinkimbinkimbi, isib, chloride tetraammintsinka (II) [(Zn (NH3) 4)] Cl2.

Njengoba usawoti kwakhiwa amagama?

amagama amabili ekhona amagama nosawoti. Eyokuqala - igama anion, esimelela esimweni nominative. Igama lesibili (esimweni genitive) lisuselwa egameni seka. Ngokwesibonelo: sodium sulphate Na2SO4, yensimbi sulfate (II) FeSO4, yensimbi sulfate (III) Fe2 (SO4) 3, i-calcium carbonate CaCO3, ithusi chloride CuCl2. I nosawoti isihloko acid ngaphambi igama kulotshwe anion Isiqalo "Hydro" noma isiqalo "bi-", uma i-molecule ye wahlala omunye unsubstituted hydrogen seka. Uma i-hydrogen onjalo ihlala cations ezimbili, igama kulotshwe ku-anion Isiqalo "dihydro". Izibonelo hydrogencarbonate (noma Bicarbonate) isixazululo NaHCO3 (lo sawoti yaziwa nangokuthi baking soda), i-sodium dihydrogenphosphate NaH2PO4.

Ammonium Bicarbonate. ifomula

Ngo ifomula esidi carbonic usawoti acid NH4HCO3, lapho seka ammonium kufakwe anion HCO3- ezakhiwe esikhundleni ngokwengxenye e-molecule ye-acid ne-hydrogen seka kuya kahle icala ammonium ion. Okungukuthi, i-molecule kunikezwa usawoti acid yakhiwa seka of ammonium NH4 +, neqembu elilodwa anion kokuba ayetha HCO3- hydrogencarbonate. Ifomula bezakhamuzi uhlelo Hill kulotshiwe njengoba: CH5NO3. Isisindo yamangqamuzana kanye ketshezi kuyinto 79,06. e. m.

izakhiwo

Ammonium Bicarbonate kuba i egcekeni wezinto ngokubukeka - ke zinhlayiya kungekho nto enemibala emihle nge ngehele rhombic. Ubuningi kuyinto 1,586 g / cm3 (ku-20 ° C). Sizonyuka umusi ingcindezi evela 59 mm. HG. Art. (Ngezinye 25,4 ° C) ukuze 278 mm. HG. Art. (Ngezinye 45 ° C).

ammonium Bicarbonate akuyona oncibilikayo ethanol futhi acetone. Kakhulu oncibilikayo emanzini: nge lokushisa okwandisa solubility we acid usawoti siyenyuka sisuka 11.9 g / 100 g (at 0 ° C) ukuze 36,6 g / 100 g (at 40 ° C).

Ammonium Bicarbonate ubola ne CO2 ukukhululwa kakade 20 ° C. At lokushisa 36-70 ° C usawoti ubola izixazululo aqueous. Ngenxa yalokho, i-ammonia ikhishwe, ekhiqizwa amanzi nesikhutha: NH4HCO3 → NH3 ↑ + CO2 ↑ + H2O.

Ngoba hydrolysis kuyinto isixazululo aqueous of ukusabela wavuma ane-alikhali. Uma wengeza kanzulu isixazululo ammonia yakheke usawoti ovamile: NH4HCO3 + NH3 → (NH4) 2CO3.

Ngaphansi isenzo acid kanye alkalis kuthiwa libhujiswa acid usawoti ukuphendula zibalo: NH4HCO3 + HCl → NH4Cl + H2O + CO2 ↑ noma NH4HCO3 + 2 NaOH → Na2CO3 + NH3 • H2O + H2O.

Ammonium Bicarbonate. reception

Njengazo zonke hydrogencarbonates, esidi ammonium usawoti liyatholakala ngumuntu pass eside carbon dioxide ngokusebenzisa yesibili isixazululo ammonium usawoti: (NH4) 2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2 NH4HCO3.

Ngaphansi ukushisa omnene (30 ° C) nosawoti naphakathi kwenzeka noqhekeko yayo ezishisayo ammonia ne usawoti acid: (NH4) 2CO3 → 2 NH4HCO3 + NH3.

Uma amanzi Ukuqedwa carbon dioxide kanye ammonia kungenzeka ukuthola i-esidi ammonium usawoti: NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NH4HCO3.

isicelo

ammonium Bicarbonate is kabanzi embonini ukudla: udlala indima chemical ejenti ikhukhumala ekukhiqizeni confectionery ebhikawozi imikhiqizo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-oqeda test fresh futhi isebenzisa i-sodium Bicarbonate NaHCO3. Kodwa isicelo salo kangako, ngoba kokuqina noma izinto ezikhishwe nomkhombe kuze baking kuholela ukususwa okusheshayo ngaphezulu ezakhiwe ukuphendula carbonic acid igesi, futhi kulokhu, inhlama ngeke aluhlaza futhi kulula.

Ammonium Bicarbonate isetshenziselwa ukushuka kanye nokudaya yendwangu izindwangu: inqubo yokususa udayi unfixed (noma stripper) inhlanganisela usawoti ammonium kuhlanganisa ammonium Bicarbonate.

Ingqikithi asetshenziswa kwezolimo njengoba uyakulondoloza feed (kuthiye ukukhula kwamazinyo, ngaleyo ndlela kwande ukuphepha), kanye nomanyolo for amazambane, imifino kanye aklaba. Isetshenziswa izakhiwo yakhe ukubambezela noma kwamisa izinqubo nitrification inhlabathi.

Ammonium Bicarbonate isetshenziswa sezimayini uranium, izimboni Metallurgical, kanye imithi (e amavithamini). Ngo zamagama organic iyona impahla eluhlaza ukwenziwa amakhemikhali, ezifana ammonium nosawoti.