Uyini umdlavuza metastatic? izimila ebulalayo futhi metastases

Umdlavuza ngokuthi inkosi izifo. Ngenani nokufa , wathatha indawo 2nd ezibalweni zomhlaba. Abantu bayesaba uphethwe "umdlavuza", yithemba igama elithi "Ukudlulela." Kodwa akukhona konke okubi. Sekuyisikhathi eside umkhakha wezokwelapha wanamuhla inqatshelwe ngokubona isifo esingalapheki. Siyini "umdlavuza" nokuthi metastases anjalo umdlavuza? Ake siphenye.

Umdlavuza - isimila esibulalayo?

Ngokuvamile, ngamunye isimila esibulalayo esikhula kubhekwa somdlavuza. Leli gama afakwe imithi uHippocrates ukuthi isimila ukubukeka wakhumbuza crab ( "karkinos" ngesiGreki). Yingakho carcinoma noma umdlavuza. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi Ukudlulela komdlavuza, zama ukuchaza nje futhi ukuthi umdlavuza.

Cabanga ukuthi umzimba wakho kwabanye okubi abavamile iseli ezinhle ngokuzumayo yaphenduka monster, okuyinto nxazonke, kunokuba umzimba side, cores amaningi kanye nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Lokhu monster waqala isabelo angalawuleki, sikhiqiza zazo siqu izilo. Ngakho ukuze uthole isimila eyinhloko. amaseli Good ukuxhumana omakhelwane, futhi "lapho" ukuthi indawo incane, ayeke sokuhlukanisa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi contact okusithiyayo. monster yethu ke akasabeli. Bona sazala ubeka ingcindezi omakhelwane bayo, kubenze izinguquko ezimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silo sekube ngasuthi ongenakufa, njengoba kwamangqamuzana befa nemvelo (noma apoptosis), manje uzwakalise kakhulu kabi. Ukuze ekukhuleni kwayo izilo esizayo cell angabasizi akhuthaza isimila ukukhula imikhumbi igazi, futhi sokuvikelwa yesivuno saso ubuthi ekhethekile ezicindezela ekhona anti-isimila amasosha omzimba zomzimba. nabo bayazi ukuthi bangamsiza kanjani ukukhohlisa vika immunokontrol iseli killer nama-T cell.

Siyini "Ukudlulela"?

Njengoba isimila ecacile. It uhlala ukuze ungeze ukuthi amaseli silo zingavela emzimbeni noma kuphi, kunoma iyiphi isitho. Bona onga futhi izingane noma abadala, kodwa landile labo kuka-50 Sizozama ukuba baqonde lokho okufundiswa Ukudlulela umdlavuza. Umndeni izilo siyakhula futhi kancane kancane esakaza, engena phakathi kwezitho eduze (metastases lesifunda). Ngaphezu kwalokho, badinga wasithatha wonke umzimba, okuyinto amaseli asabekayo ukuhlukanisa emfundweni zonina, lingene egazini kanye / noma i-lymph kanye zamanje yabo eyalo umzimba wesiguli (metastases akude).

Esimweni sokuqala bebizwa hematogenous nelesibili lymph. Ngesikhathi entsha amaseli indawo-asabekayo benzelwe, nakho konke siphindiwe. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi Ukudlulela kwezokwelapha. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi iqala ngokushesha ngemva nesenzakalo yesimila eyinhloko, kuyilapho abanye - kuphela emva ukwedlulela isifo emabangeni kwesikhathi. Kanti abanye bakholelwa ukuthi Ukudlulela iqala ngokushesha, kodwa musa njalo ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha. Lona okuthiwa metastases ithule, esithinta ukubukeka ukwelashwa ngokwengxenye oncological.

izigaba umdlavuza

ngezigaba Uniform izigaba umdlavuza lapho, kodwa ochwepheshe abaningi ithobela TNM uhlelo. Kunezigaba avelele:

• Lokho - isimila kuhlolisiswa emitholampilo ayikahlanganiswa kunqunywa.
• Tis - ngaphandle Ukudlulela okungukuthi, ehlezi phansi.
• T1 - cishe iyafana esigabeni odlule. Kulesi sigaba, ukuphathwa ngayo ngokuvamile kuphumelela. Inkinga nje - esigabeni sokuqala umdlavuza kungatholakala kuphela ngengozi noma survey ekhethekile.
• T2 - umdlavuza wawusuhlasele metastasized, kodwa lesifunda. Isibikezelo lapha ngempela evumayo, nakuba eziyinkimbinkimbi.
• T3 - hhayi okuningi ukuhluka T2. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa, kulesigaba, ngaphandle iyunithi lesifunda kukhona metastases akude. Izimpawu e esigabeni sesithathu kungenzeka anyakaza nobuhlungu ngingekho, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlonza. Ngokuvamile, 3 esiteji okuba nomdlavuza ngokuphawulekayo, njenganoma iyiphi enye, kunqunywa ezinqumela. Ngoba wonke umzimba lapha has nenqubo yaso futhi siqu isithombe yayo emtholampilo.
• T4 - esigabeni sokugcina, lapho Ukudlulela ukusakaza kokubili eduze futhi izitho zomzimba akude. ngaleyo ndlela Iziguli uhlangabezana sebuhlungwini obunzima, ubuthakathaka, ukuncipha. Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza kubangela ukufa 4 degrees nge metastases. Bangaki bukhoma in iziguli ezinjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuphendula ngokunembile. Isithombe posted engezansi ibonisa izimpawu isimila ka Ukudlulela.

isigaba metastatic

Ngo Ukudlulela has isikali yayo, okhonjiswe incwadi M. Esikhathini inothi lapho kuphela wamukela imfundo akude.

• Mx - metastases ayaziwa, kusukela izifundo ungazange besiba;
• Mo - okude isimila kumiswa ayitholakali;
• M1 - itholiwe khona metastases ezikude.

Ngakho, igama elithi "metastasized 4 degrees" sibhekisela emandleni 4-th umdlavuza.

Lokhu kwenzeka yesibili isimila ukwakheka kungaba ngokuphelele kuphi emzimbeni, kodwa ngokuvamile kakhulu kuthinta isibindi, ubuchopho, amaphaphu, ithambo izicubu kanye okunamafutha izicubu. Lapho umdlavuza isisu, esibelethweni, amanyikwe, ikholoni kanye lesizalo metastases nazo kungenzeka peritoneum.

Iyini ingozi eyinhloko umdlavuza?

Impendulo yombuzo yeka Ukudlulela komdlavuza, ngeke ephelele uma ungenawo bathi akuyona kangaka isimila eyinhloko kuyingozi ebulalayo, njengoba ezifunda kanye ikakhulukazi akude foci yesibili. Lesi simo kuthiwa i umdlavuza metastatic. Ivame ukuba abe emizweni eqinile ubuhlungu, okuyinto evame imbangela eyinhloko uhambo lesiguli kudokotela. Lokhu umdlavuza kuyingozi, ikakhulu ngenxa nobunzima ukuhlonza kwasendaweni metastases, okuholela ukwelashwa akuphelele ngu ukuhlinzwa futhi welashwa ngemisebe. ngelashwa nangemithi kuphela (ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa), kanye metastases-hormone okuthiwa i-immunotherapy kuthinte konke ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa, ngeshwa, ngokuvamile ukwelashwa okunjalo akwanele.

Isibikezelo sezulu sezinsuku

Bona ngqo kuncike oda lapho metastases isitho. What uhlala nesineke bukhoma, futhi incike isimo jikelele umzimba, futhi indawo esigabeni sokuqala isimila kulokhu kwelashwa okungase kwenziwe. Uma ungenzi lutho, ukuphila komuntu ibalwa izinyanga, kusuka ku 1 kuya 6. Uma wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze abe isimo sengqondo esihle futhi babe nesifiso esinamandla sokuthuthukisa unqobe isifo, ubude bempilo luyanda kakhulu. Ngakho, lapho ukwelashwa enezici ka metastases e amaphaphu iziguli aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-10, futhi esibindini - kuze iminyaka 5. I ezingabukeki kubhekwe kakhulu metastases ingqondo. Lokhu kungenxa ngqo lomzimba nobunzima ekufezeni eziningi yezindlela ezaziwayo okwamanje ukwelashwa. Onalesi sifo elihle kunawo zesifo - baphila iminyaka engaba ngu-2. Lokhu kungenzeka ngesikhathi ukuhlinzwa kulandele ngemisebe ukwelashwa eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Kungenzeka yini ukuze bagweme umdlavuza?

Lo mbuzo ezithakazelisayo, mhlawumbe, wonke umuntu. Research Institute eRussia nakwamanye amazwe of Oncology olwenziwa izinkulungwane izifundo ubembule imbangela cell wezakhi. The main ezibanga umdlavuza noma isiphi isitho, ososayensi liyabhekisela ukudla ukudla equkethe carcinogens, yiluphi uhlobo emisebeni (kwemisebe, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, nabanye), ezinye amagciwane (isib, papilloma), yofuzo, ukucindezeleka njalo futhi yokuphila okungenampilo. Kunezici ezithile. Ngakho, it is waphawula ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu kuyinto evamile ngaphezulu ababhemayo kuka non-ababhemayo, futhi umdlavuza kwesibindi kanye esiswini - ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphandle kwalezi zici kusuka empilweni yakho, thina banciphise ingozi yesifo. Kodwa ngisho uma uphethwe okungekuhle abakwazi lithemba. Namuhla, umdlavuza ngisho isigaba 3 iphathwa ngempela ngempumelelo. Into esemqoka akumelwe aphanjaniswe no-uphethwe.

ukuhlola

Esinye sezici abuhlungu isimila esibulalayo kuyinto kusaqalwa ke cishe ungalokothi nezimpawu. Ukukhethwa umdlavuza wesikhumba nezinye izitho, lapho isimila kumiswa kungabonwa ongaboni. Esinye isici ukuthi izimpawu umdlavuza nezinye izifo ezifanayo. Ziyakwazi:

• ukukhathala;
• kwesisindo;
• yokuntuleka esesuthi;
• kungazelelwe yavela lwezimpawu nokuvuvukala;
• ukujuluka ngokweqile;
• sokulahlekelwa yigazi.

Uma uhlangabezana lezi zimpawu kumele ubone udokotela-oncologist abaphethe luhlolo emitholampilo (palpation amasayithi osolisayo, X-ray, nemlandvo wetekwelashwa kwakhe). Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa esinembile, kuyatuseka ukuba bangene Cancer Centre, lapho enza inani lezifundo:-X-ray, i-MRI, ama-CT scan, Endoscopy, kwamakhemikhali ukuhlolwa kwegazi ne ihlaziya biopsy oncomarkers.

Izimpawu Ukudlulela kungaba:

• lakhulisiwe zamanzi;
• ukukhwehlela, iphaphu Ukudlulela;
• isibindi lakhulisiwe;
• metastases e bone - nobuhlungu ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, waphuka njalo;
• ebuchosheni - ezihlukahlukene izinkinga zezinzwa, angaboni kahle, ukubambisana, ukuzwa, inkulumo, nokuquleka.

Sifo kuyafana ukuthi izimila eyinhloko.

ukwelashwa

Iningi iziguli ezinomdlavuza iphathwa emphakathini. Nokho, uma kungenzeka, kuyinto efiselekayo ukucacisa uphethwe kumele sibukwe ku umdlavuza isikhungo sikahulumeni, lapho kukhona khona imishini kanye ephezulu ezingeni eziphambili kakhulu ochwepheshe ukusebenza ubuchwepheshe entsha. E-Moscow, kuba maphakathi Blokhin Oncology Nomdlavuza Institute iqanjwe waseHerzen. Ukuze ufike lapho kungaba yisiphi isakhamuzi yeRussia, ngemva kokuthatha isiqondiso kudokotela wakho futhi wenze aphoyintimenti. Petersburg, kuyinto Research Institute of Oncology okuthiwa Petrov.

Lezi zikhungo afeze ukususwa kuhlinzwa yesimila, uma kungenzeka, futhi afeze lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo yokwelapha:

• ngemisebe (radiosurgery);
• ngelashwa nangemithi;
• mzimba;
• isakhi sofuzo (ukwelashwa kunalokho ngempumelelo ngokudalula imishini zofuzo zesiguli).