Vika - isitshalo bomkhaya imidumba. Incazelo, izici, ukutshalwa

imidumba Abaningi eside izitshalo ozithandayo endaweni. Abenzi kuphela ukunikeza isivuno esiphundu, kodwa futhi is ekucebiseni inhlabathi nitrogen esebenzisa ekhethekile eyaziwa amagciwane qhuzwana phezu izimpande. Nokho, igama labo Botanical is kancane eyaziwa. Bangabakhe bohlobo eziningi izimbali - Vic. Plant (izithombe, ukubheka imbewu iphepha) is njengoba vetch eyaziwa - vetch, ubhontshisi - vetch fava. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nabanye abameleli abaningi, zibizwa kabanzi njengendlela ukudla ifolishi izitshalo.

Rod Vic (uphizi)

Uhlobo lwe iqukethe mayelana 140 zezitshalo zimila eNingizimu Melika, eYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ipea likhula floodplains, emanzini izimfunda kanye ihlathi imiphetho, emaqeleni. Kwenqwaba - Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi, akuvamile unyaka. Isiqu uhlobo ngokuvamile mgodi, ngezinye izikhathi yimani niqonde. Ihamba paripinnate. Izimbali olulodwa isici lwemsebenti: Calyx has a tube iDemo namazinyo ifulege nail kalufifi uzwakalise, isikebhe amaphiko blunt nge plate.

incazelo Botanical: ohlwanyela vetch

Lesi sitshalo, ukudalulwa okuyinto ajwayelekile, mhlawumbe, kwabaningi. Ibizwa nangokuthi "vetch ezivamile". Lesi simila ukuphakama yonyaka noma biennial kusuka 20 kuya ku-80 cm. Isiqu kungenzeka sokwakha noma unyuka, faceted, noma uhamba ze, kwehlisa, noma ngaphandle ekhelini. Ejwayelekile amahlamvu paripinnate ekupheleni abe amadevu, uphizi olunamathele ukwesekwa. Izimbali cishe sessile, wodwa kanjani noma abhanqiwe. Izithelo - emabhontjisi, cylindrical noma ukuma kancane oblate ukuba 6 cm ubude.

Kodwa-ke ungayididanisi isitshalo nge efanayo kakhulu, kodwa namanje ezahlukene ukubukwa - ipea. Lona abameleli ezivamile futhi owaziwa sohlobo okukhulunywe ngalo. Sithola eziningi ezihlukahlukene amafomu, zehlukene ukunambitheka kanye nosayizi imbewu yokuvuthwa. Bonke ehlangana amaqembu amathathu: Shelling, isifo sikashukela kanye nobuchopho uphizi.

Ukusatshalaliswa imbewu uphizi

Vika - isitshalo ogama lakhe e-Latin kuzwakala Vicia sativa. It is esakazwa eYurophu eyayiyingxenye yeRussia, Western eSiberia, eCaucasus and eCrimea entabeni ndawo, eNhlonhlweni eKamchatka. Kungatholakala njengoba khula emasimini, ngezinye izikhathi eceleni komgwaqo, e tindzala, imfucuza emazweni. Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhula ugijimela best "inkampani" namanye amakhambi ukuthi ukusekela inkumbi yayo sifanamsindvo. ukubukeka wemvelo ngokwanele ukumelana ukubekezelelana ukuqanda abandayo -6 ° C. Vicat - amanzi-onothando izitshalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi kumiswa efihlekile futhi izimbali, kungenjalo intela futhi has izimo ongaphakeme kwemvelo.

Ukusetshenziswa njengoba Umanyolo

Vetch - enhle kakhulu umquba oluhlaza is esintwini eyaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Indlela eyinhloko ukuyisebenzisa kule format - imbewu okumsulwa kanye wokungcwaba okwalandela enhlabathini esekhulile mass oluhlaza. Ngokusho ezingeni isenzo esifana Umanyolo kuqhathaniswa umquba, umphumela omuhle ihlala iminyaka engu-4-5. Cishe ezinyangeni ezintathu vetch ukuhlwanyelwa aqoqana ukuze kg biomass 30 per 10 m ^2, lapho kukhona nitrogen okuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu (160 g), i-potassium (200) ne phosphorus (75 g).

Zokuhlwanyela nokunakekela

vetch Evamile (vetch) - isitshalo ngokuvamile undemanding, kodwa ukutshalwa yayo has ezinye izici. Peas kungaba ziphila ekukhanyeni futhi enhlabathini ezisindayo, kodwa ukhetha pH hlangothi. Uma umhlabathi azibukhali, lo okusithiyayo waphawula ka lezimpande eziguqula i-bacterium phezu izimpande, zingabantu amancane kabi ukulungisa i-nitrogen esemkhathini, noma kungenzeka ukuthi ingabi khona ngokuphelele.

Zokutshala wenziwa imigqa, ububanzi kumele abe phakathi 15-20 cm phakathi imbewu - 5 zokutshala cm ukujula incike isimo somhlabathi: .. Ukuze yamaphaphu - 7 cm, in esindayo - 5 cm izimo ezomile Kunconywa inhlabathi emva ayihlwanyelayo kancane prikatat uma kuba ezimanzi, kubalulekile ukuthi wenze lokhu. Ukunakekela umquba oluhlaza ezinzima elula futhi Ukuhlakula ukhula esifike ngesikhathi futhi ukugedlisa soma ngemuva kwezimvula kanye neensetjenziswa. Vika - isitshalo izinsuku eside, amanzi-onothando, kodwa awukwazi ukubekezelela waterlogging.

Kunconywa ukusebenzisa trellises, ukuvimbela yokungenisa ngeziqu ngesikhathi kokwehla olulodwa. Ngezinye izikhathi izitshalo kulinywa ngamabele, ubhekilanga, kulesi simo, zinyanga ukudlala indima ukwesekwa.

ukuhlwanyelwa isikhathi

Hlwanyela uphizi ngezindlela ezimbili.

kwentwasahlobo njengoba eyandulela amasiko kamuva, isib iklabishi. Ngemva okwandisa isisindo salo oluhlaza ngaphambi ukuqala mba izimbali enhlabathini.

kwentwasahlobo noma ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, ngemva zikhula nokuvuna izitshalo ekuseni. Kulokhu isitshalo kufanele wangcwatshwa emhlabathini phambi frost.

Kumele ukuya izimo zezulu yesifunda.

Sebenzisa njengeringithoni okuphakelayo

Ukuhlwanyela vetch - isitshalo kukhona izakhiwo ewusizo ayigcini ukuyisebenzisa njenge umquba oluhlaza. Ngo ngezithako zawo esekelwe impahla omisiwe kufaka kuze kufike 20% amaprotheni yemifino, inani elincane fibre futhi wezokudla fibre. Amahlamvu fresh aqukethe lysine, beta-carotene, fat kancane namanzi. Zonke lezi zici enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise lesi sitshalo animal feed ezibalulekile. Babesebenzisa mass oluhlaza, notshani, nenhlanga, silage, utshani sakusihlwa, silage, okusanhlamvu kanye ufulawa wokudla. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, uphizi alinywa, ngokuvamile i-oats noma ibhali, ngezinye izikhathi kakolweni silage ukungezwa sunflower, ummbila, i-rye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Vick - isitshalo (isithombe okusesihlokweni esithi), okuyinto enhle kakhulu uju isitshalo. Leli qiniso okwenza lube yigugu ngokukhethekile apiculture. izimbali okuchichimayo ihlala izinyanga cishe ekuqaleni-maphakathi no-June. Izinga Medoproduktivnost siphezulu kakhulu e vetch shaggy (ebusika) - 140-200 kg kusuka ehektheleni betshala ayihlwanyelayo kuwo lincane kakhulu - 20 kg / ha, e ubhontshisi kancane ngaphezulu - 20-40 kg / ha. Leli qiniso evumela ukusetshenziswa izitshalo ngendlela ekhanga izinyosi kusayithi lakho. Ngakho, vetch, kokuba ezinye izimfanelo ezinhle zokuhlobisa, kungase kahle itshalwe engadini noma engadini. Kuyoba ukuheha impova izinambuzane kanye izinambuzane, ngokuphambene ngeke okwesabisa. Lesi sitshalo muhle kakhulu amasiko umakhelwane nitrogen onothando: utamatisi, pepper amnandi, ulethisi, ama-eggplant, izaqathi. Lenza kahle izihlahla zezithelo kanye nezihlahla.