Voronezh Biosphere Reserve. ZaseCaucasia Biosphere Reserve. IDanube Biosphere Reserve

Voronezh, zaseCaucasia futhi DDBR kukhona ezifundeni ezinkulu zemvelo ise FSU. Futhi iyini inqolobane uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli? Ngokuyinhloko, le ndawo evikelwe, okuyinto engokwemvelo isimiso semvelo esiyingqayizivele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi indawo eseduze njalo ukugadwa futhi ekutadisheni kwezemvelo.

Umlando indawo okuvela kuyo Voronezh Reserve

Indalo yakhe reserve isimo ngokuyinhloko ubophekile beaver. Ngoba ngaphambi cwaningo endaweni esiqiwini kwaba menagerie ukuzingela, okuyinto baletha inyamazane futhi beaver. ifomu kwakamuva ikoloni enkulu ngokwanele.

Umlando esiqiwini iphindela 1919. Khona-ke, ucwaningo ku uhlobo we Voronezh sifundazwe uhambo wathunyelwa lapha. Iqembu lososayensi wathatha iminyaka emine eside ukuhlola ngokugcwele endaweni, lapho manje Voronezh Biosphere Reserve. Ngemva kwalokho, umholi uhambo ebuzwa ukuhlela ukuvikelwa unomphela beaver ukuze kuvinjelwe nokubhujiswa kwabo.

Kakade endaweni evikelwe yadalwa ngo-1923, eyaqala ngomfula Usmani, iyikhaya kancane ke eyikhulu namashumi beaver. Siyabonga ukuba unakekelwe labantu kwama-beaver ikhuphuke kakhulu, bayeka ukuba on the esengozini yokuqothulwa. Ngo-1927, endaweni evikelwe ngokusemthethweni baba inqolobane. Futhi waba Biosphere ngo-1985.

imisebenzi esemqoka

Voronezh Biosphere Reserve itholakala endaweni Voronezh futhi Lipetsk izifunda. endaweni yaso phezu ayizinkulungwane ezingu-30. ha. Reserve izinhlamvu - beaver afeza kanye nezinyamazane izibalo, nokuntula amagatsha.

Esikhathini sethu, le ndawo endaweni ehlukile zemvelo, elinikeza ezihlukahlukene yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.

Izinhloso eziyinhloko ukongiwa abasebenzi esiqhingini kwamahlathi, zinhlobo ukujula izilwane, ukutadisha isimo kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Voronezh State Biosphere Reserve - yindawo lapho abasebenzi ucwaningo bekwi imfundo esebenzayo kwemvelo sabantu.

izwe yemifino

Ensimini ka esiqiwini samanje lenqwaba izitshalo ezingavamile. Lapha, inhlanganisela ngokumangalisayo oki, uphayini, birch kanye izihlahla e-aspen.

Voronezh Biosphere Reserve iyindawo esiyingqayizivele, lapho namanje walondoloza ezingavamile ehlathini isitshalo - aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu imizimba amanzi insimu yalo. Ngakho lapha ungathola eningi izitshalo ezingavamile ezimila emaxhaphozini nemifula. Phakathi kwazo kunabafundi Alder kwimfunda, okuyinto ziqale eziqhakaza entwasahlobo, kanye nemibala egqamile iris futhi i-marsh marigold.

Ngenkathi hot emachibini nasemifuleni yehlathi avele Potbelly izimbali, iminduze kanye vodokras. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule ndawo, ikakhulukazi ngomfula Ivnitsy ikhula omningi nentshe Fern. Futhi ogwini Sula Lake, ungabona zezinyoni ezingavamile izitshalo - lzhekamysh abavamile.

emhlabeni isilwane

Ukudalwa esiqiwini ezihlobene ukubukeka kwama-beaver, ngakho ukuvikelwa kanye nekusita lezi kanye nezinye izinhlobo, kugxilwa eziyinhloko zomsebenzi. Voronezh Biosphere Reserve uhlalwe inqwaba nezilwane ezinkulu ezincelisayo. Lokhu izingulube zasendle, Roe izinyamazane, amaphiva kanye nezinyamazane.

Ezinye zezinto eziningi kakhulu umhlaseli reserve ubhekwa i impungushe abavamile. Nokho, kwi insimu kukhona izilwane ezidla ezinye nakakhulu, njengothi nezimpisi. Yiqiniso, indawo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwezinceku esiqiwini elalihlala beaver, okuyinto zandile kusuke emashumini ambalwa kuya emakhulwini ambalwa.

Biosphere Reserve "Voronezh" uhlala eziyisishiyagalolunye izinhlobo kunitsevyh. Ngokuvamile, uyakwazi ukuthola futhi izimbila. Nokho, ezivamile izilwane umndeni Khomyakov. Phakathi nalolu hlobo ngokuvamile zingatholakala ezihlukahlukene izimvukuzane, isibonelo, abavamile, ginger, amanzi kanye amnyama.

futhi eziningi izinyoni esiqiwini. Uzothola kakhulu goose, kondlunkulu Falcons.

Umlando nesenzakalo iDanube Biosphere Reserve

Umlando walesi sikhala evikelwe has kwaqala ngo-1981, lapho izindawo iDanube Ugcwalise zadalwa ngesisekelo igatsha Sea Reserve. Wabe matasa indawo ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 15. Amahektha. Ngenxa World Bank ngo 1995. grandee wakwazi ukuhlela ngesisekelo endaweni encane evikelwe of omkhulu iDanube Biosphere Reserve.

Usayizi wamanje kwaba ngo-1998, ngemva Isinqumo kuMongameli insimu yalo lenyuka cishe izinkulungwane 50. Amahektha. Insimu reserve yesimanje kuhlanganisa Stentsivsko-Zhebriyanski ngokushelela Zhebriyanski yokhalo fluvial esiqhingini Ermakov. Afakwe ngezithako zawo nokudoba, okuyinto kamakhelwane.

Ezivikelwe Development Programme uhlose asidlulisela 2015 esiqiwini iDanube ngezithukuthuku eyigugu kakhulu kwendawo yemvelo yayo kwamaxhaphozi, okuyinto zitholakala edolobheni Reni. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Reserve maduze hlala zonke amaxhaphozi insimu ubaluleke kakhulu iDanube.

imisebenzi ososayensi

IDanube Biosphere Reserve yasungulwa ukuvikela isimo esingavamile iDanube. Ososayensi basafunda ubunjalo somfula iDanube, ukuqhuba zokuqapha zangokwasemuva zezinhlelo zezemvelo, kanye ukufundisa abantu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo kwenziwe emkhakheni kwemvelo nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Okubaluleke kakhulu isifundo esiphathelene ezibangelwe umuntu ezithinta isimo semvelo iyonke. Kukhona kwenziwe futhi izinyathelo ukukusiza ukwehlisa umthelela yabantu zomuntu emvelweni esiphansi.

Reserve ibambisane izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, kuhlanganise umsebenzi izinhlelo UNESCO. Nale ngenkuthalo idonsela ukunakekela umphakathi ukuze izinkinga zemvelo esifundeni.

It wafunda hhayi kuphela ushintsho izimila nezilwane we sigodi, kodwa futhi amanzi nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Umsebenzi futhi ngokuqhubekayo uqaphe iDanube, emaxhaphozini nemifula encane.

Flora reserve

I izitshalo esiqiwini amumethe izitshalo esiyingqayizivele. Kunezilwane kuhlanganisa pheze 600 zinhlobo ezahlukene. a Ukuhlukahluka okunjalo semvelo sezimila iyagcinwa sibonga inhlabathi evundile kakhulu futhi amaningi umswakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi iqukethe semali kodaka kubangelwa emfuleni.

I ezichumayo izitshalo mincane enezicabha cattail futhi bulrush. On ibhange iDanube ungabona amahlozi willow, okuyinto abe ububanzi mayelana 100 amamitha. Kule ndawo, kukhona ezimhlophe, triandra, loshka kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo. Engxenyeni elisogwini esiqiwini zingatholakala rose amorphous, ulwandle ijikijolo lingase futhi galuzisty tamorizk.

Otshanini obude ungabona izindawo ezincane nezimila yasemanzini. White iminduze amanzi, schitolistye ezintantayo, nut ezintantayo kanye Salvinia elintantayo - a zezinyoni ezingavamile izitshalo, okuyinto ayinala esiqiwini uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli. Photo zinhlobo esiyingqayizivele kuze kube muva nje kungenzeka kuphela kubonakala Red Incwadi ye-Ukraine. Kodwa ngenxa yemizamo lososayensi zezitshalo ezingavamile manje ukhululekile ezimweni zemvelo.

nezilwane

Ingabe eliyingqayizivele nezilwane ezihlukahlukene esiqiwini iDanube. Abantu abaningi zinhlobo ewela izinyoni. Lesi sici agodliwe indawo - ngenxa semali izinsiza ukudla. Lapha ungakwazi ukubona i-seagull, Indwandwe, grey ihansi, coot, ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi, amadada esibonelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile. Phakathi kwabo kufanele basho nevuba pink, spoonbills, lwaseDalmatia Pelican futhi Goose Red breast. Phakathi esiqiwini, hhayi kuphela izinyoni uthembela ngesikhathi indiza, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zawo Waterfowl ebusika.

Lapha ungakwazi futhi uthole mayelana 100 nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingu. Ezinye izinhlobo kubo ezingavamile kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, Umbria, nquma ezincane nezinkulu, Sturgeon futhi iDanube salmon. Phakathi ezincelisayo esiqiwini ungathola izingulube zasendle, Wild nenja raccoon, kanye inqwaba ezihuquzelayo nezilwane eziphila ezweni. Phakathi abakhileyo inqolobane engaphezu kwengu-20 zama-izinambuzane, okuyinto ahlelwe njengoba ezisengcupheni.

Umlando zaseCaucasia Biosphere Reserve

Umlando yaqala ukuba khona ngo-1924. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le ndawo evikelwe phathelana luvikelwe ezingeni zomthetho. Ngaphambili, kwakukhona inhlangano "Kuban ukuzingela." Endaweni zaseCaucasia Biosphere Reserve - ezingaphezu kuka-250 eziyinkulungwane amahektha .. Lokhu reserve uhlukile yobuhle balo nokuhlala ukwehluka izinhlobo yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.

ZaseCaucasia Biosphere Reserve ngo-1999, waba ohlwini UNESCO izinto zemvelo ukuthi anencazelo jikelele. Territory kusukela 1997 kuyingxenye uxhaxha international of uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli izinqolobane. Lona kuphela inqolobane Omkhulu eCaucasus, esemgwaqweni endaweni engamamitha angaba ngu-3.5 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.

imisebenzi yezokuphepha

ZaseCaucasia Biosphere Reserve uyinto, endaweni okwamanje ngaphansi imisebenzi kwemvelo nokuthi bayafundisa. Kodwa uyini inqolobane uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, futhi yiziphi izinhloso main?

Caucasus egicna imvelo akuvunyelwe ezivikelekile, lapho ungathola izinto ezingavamile zemvelo ukuthi kukhona ukubaluleka kwemvelo noma izincwadi ezibalulekile zesayensi. Kubasebenzi bayo bekwi locwaningo zezinyoni ezingavamile ezitholakala ku insimu yalo, izinqubo ukuqapha uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli, kanye ukuqapha umthelela eziphilayo izici yabantu, kanye nokuvikelwa yabo ngokumelene lezi zici.

indima ebalulekile lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela inqolobane ososayensi udlala insimu yalo kusukela umsebenzi kwezomnotho, ngoba kufanele ahlale ngaphandle izinguquko ezenziwe ubunjalo indoda. Wakhe abasebenzi abasizi ucwaningo bakholwe abezindaba ukusiza ukufundisa umphakathi.

Landscape reserve

ZaseCaucasia National Park has a indawo eyingqayizivele. Lapha ungabona okusezingeni eliphezulu Amathafa, amawa, ayimigodi, emikhulu cuesta, eziningi emachibini amancane nemifula entabeni, coniferous namahlathi okuxubile.

Kuyini inqolobane uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli endaweni enjalo? It has a ngesimo sendawo enezintaba, esibonakala by zonation mpo. Lapha kukhona ibhande nival, amahlathi subalpine okuxubile, coniferous kanye beech amahlathi, nabanye. Esikhathini kwemihosha, ungabona ihlathi nezimfunda, kanye namachibi yetintsaba. Iziqongo entabeni embozwe izinguzunga zeqhwa elaphakade, kusukaphi nemifula eminingi esiqiwini.

izimila

Imvelo I flora wehlukile. Esikhathini esifanayo endaweni ahlangane nezitshalo emathafeni nokushisa-onothando. flora Isifunda ihlanganisa cishe 3000 zilwane, zazo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zama-kwemithi nezihlahla hlala.

Ngezinye esiqiwini ikhula fir esiyingqayizivele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha ungathola izitshalo eziye ikhona kusukela esikhathini sangaphambi glacial. Lokhu holly, i-yew, laurel ginseng. Kuvela futhi inqwaba amajikijolo ezahlukene, izithelo kanye namakhambi.

Nezilwane of eCaucasus Indawo egicna imvelo

Nemvelo reserves kwasekuqaleni wadala ukuze alondoloze isilwane proozhivayuschih eliyingqayizivele endaweni ethize. ezingaphezu kuka-70 zezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala zaseCaucasia Reserve. Phakathi kwabo, izingulube zasendle, bear, izinyamazane, ama-lynx, Kuban impisi, impungushe, Izimbila, marten nezinye izilwane ezingavamile. Okubaluleke kakhulu ngoba esiqiwini kukhona inyathi anamandla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu ka esiqiwini ungathola ezingaphezu kuka-240 zezinyoni. Kuyinto enjalo zezinyoni ezingavamile njengoba darnel, griffon nenqe, i-golden eagle, zaseCaucasia grouse emnyama. Eziningi zalezi zinyoni isidleke ensimini ka zaseCaucasia Biosphere Reserve.

Ukuziqhenya wokugodlwa ezihlukahlukene omkhulu zezinhlanzi, zazo kunamacala angu-20 kwezinhlobo. Ngokuvamile emifuleni ungabona trout ensundu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziyishumi zama-kweziyisikhombisa nesilwane sasolwandle esisodwa ezifana Newt, isihlahla frog futhi Caucasian parsley Ixoxo futhi cishe 20 zilwane ezihuquzelayo. Okuvame kakhulu wabo - isibankwa Caucasian nebululu. amakhowe eziningi ezikhula ensimini ka esiqiwini - abacela enkulungwaneni zilwane. Phakathi kwabo, 20 labo ahlelwe njengoba ezisengcupheni.