Voytseh Yaruzelsky: Biography, empilweni kanye nomsebenzi womphakathi

Inhloko Poland, esinye sezikhulu zezombangazwe esidumile, umuntu ezithakazelisayo Voytseh Yaruzelsky zaziphila impilo eside futhi engenakulibaleka kakhulu. Empilweni yakhe zazenziwe sikufisela inhlanhla, ukwehluleka, ngokunqoba futhi eziningi izenzakalo ezibalulekile, hhayi nje ngobe sonke isizwe, kodwa ukuba izwe lonke. Buza ngobani Polyakov Voytseh Jaruzelski, bese ulinda impendulo ecacile akanangqondo. Umsebenzi wakhe esahlukile kakhulu, ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa ecacile. Njengoba namuhla abakhileyo ezweni ayikwazi ngokwanele ukuhlola inani Poland, abaningi umsolwa zonke izono. Kodwa ukuphila kwakhe uyakufanelekela isifundo olunemininingwane ethe xaxa.

Umkhaya kanye ebuntwaneni

Edolobheni isiPolish Curuvija 6 Julayi 1923 emndenini yesikhulu wendawo, umnikazi wezwe ezinkulu, wazalwa indodana Voytseh Yaruzelsky. Umndeni kwakufanele imisuka ngempela lasendulo, emashumini eminyaka 15-16 th Jaruzelski okhokho babephakathi abathwali Slepowron isibonakaliso. Wojciech ukhokho eyayihilelekile kwavukelwa abadumile Polish egameni zokubuyiselwa Commonwealth emikhawulweni ubudala. Abavukeli ehluliwe 1863, Jaruzelski noyisemkhulu wadingiselwa eSiberia. Kamuva, umndeni wabuyela Poland, kodwa okumangalisayo umlando umndeni kwadingeka ukuthambekela ukuphindaphinda.

Wojciech ebuntwaneni wachitha egameni Polish, lapho eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala, wayenodadewabo abasebasha uTeresa. Boy wathunyelwa esikoleni elite Katolika eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala, kodwa ngo-1939 umkhaya wathuthela Lithuania, futhi bekuwukukhetha muncu. Wathweswa iziqu esikoleni esiphakeme le nsizwa akazange abe nesikhathi.

sekudingiselweni

Ngo-1939, Lithuania ngenxa yesivumelwano phakathi eU.SSR naseJalimane lobuNazi ukuthi zathathwa yiSoviet Union ngenxa isivumelwano non-ubudlova. Kodwa phakathi nokuhlaselwa German yasePoland, uhulumeni wamaSoviet wanquma ukwenza iphutha bese ukuthumela inani elikhulu izikhulu Polish (njengoba alithembekile) kusukela Baltic uthi eSiberia.

Voytseh Yaruzelsky nomndeni bakhe beza Altai. Inhloko umndeni wathunyelwa ekamu e-Altai esifundeni, futhi umama kanye nezingane zakhe ezimbili, baya ekudingisweni e-Turochak ehlathini lapho Wojciech wasebenza njengoba abagawuli bemithi. Imibandela ophilayo babe akukwazeki Jaruzelski esindayo efanelwe it "iqhwa ubumpumputhe". Kodwa, ngo-Umlando wakhe, abendawo kahle kakhulu iphathwa adingiswe. Wojciech wafunda isiRashiya futhi zashintsha isimo sengqondo abantu Russian. Wakhulela isiko anti-Russian, futhi ukushaya-Altai, wahlangana eziningi abantu abaqotho kakhulu ababezama ukwenza ukuphila kube lula ukuze ezithunjweni.

Senior Jaruzelski wehluleka onzima futhi kungakabiphi bafa, Wojciech bamngcwaba, zihambisana indwangu esikhundleni iphephandaba "Pravda". Ngokushesha wafa nonina. UDade ziyiswe ekhaya lezintandane, futhi esikhathini esizayo uMongameli Poland - ukusebenza Karaganda. Kwadingeka asebenze emayini, lapho abalimele emuva zakhe, okwakwenza ngokwayo wazizwa kukho konke ukuphila omdala.

IMpi Yezwe II

Ngo-1943 Voytseh Yaruzelsky ngokuzithandela wajoyina impi i division elihamba Polish Kosciuszko. Wayelethwa waqeqeshwa Ryazan Infantry School, futhi izinga uLieutenant waya ngaphambili. Waqala ne umkhuzi Leli qembu futhi ngo-1945 waba yinhloko umsizi kwabasebenzi osomaqhinga. Jaruzelski waba nengxenye izimpi for yokukhululwa Warsaw, alwa phezu Baltic Sea, le Vistula, Oder, i-Elbe futhi. Ukuze anamandla wathola imiklomelo eziningana ezempi, ezihlanganisa indondo isikhundla esihlonipheke kunazo zonke e-Poland - Military anamandla (Order Wojenny Virtuti Militari).

ukuphila party

Ngemva kwempi, Voytseh Yaruzelsky wahlala ekhaya. Kusukela ngo-1945 ehilelekile ukulwa komhlaba inhlangano "Inkululeko Nesithunzi Independence", injongo eyinhloko okwakukhona ukulwa kokubusa kweSoviet futhi ngokusobala umsebenzi kanye ukuhoxiswa iRed Army ensimini yase-Poland. Inhlangano wasebenza Ukrainian mbuso Army, ne aseNtshonalanga CIA ngenkuthalo ukuyiveza iziphathimandla olusemthethweni ePoland ngokusekelwa-USSR. Ngo-1947 Jaruzelski wajoyina LamaKhomanisi, okuyinto ngonyaka kamuva waziwa ngokuthi amaPolish United 'Abasebenzi Party. Wanquma ukuthi ukubizwa kwakhe kuyinto inkonzo yezempi, angena Ephakeme Infantry School, bese iziqu Academy of Jikelele Abasebenzi.

umsebenzi endleleni

Ngemva Academy Jaruzelski ngokushesha uya ekukhuphukeni. Okokuqala wathatha isikhundla imfundiso ngesikhathi Infantry School, khona-ke ngokushesha iba induna izikhungo wezempi zemfundo yezwe iminyaka emithathu umyalo ukwahlukana ngomshini ke eliholwa isiKhulu Political Administration yase-Poland. Ngo-1962 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile IPhini likaNgqongqoshe wezokuVikela, futhi engu-6 kamuva, waba nguNgqongqoshe. Ku-akhawunti yakhe ku post iqhaza izenzo ezinjalo impikiswano like ayehlasela amazwe we Warsaw Pact atheleka, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo Soviet, eCzechoslovakia.

Ngo-70 uNgqongqoshe Jaruzelski ngokuphindaphindiwe wasebenzisa amandla ngokumelene intukuthelo ethandwa. Ekuqaleni, wayala ukucindezela izibhelu kubangelwa kwentengo yokudla. Wamangalelwa ngokuvukela eqinisweni lokuthi amabutho ezokuphepha ixoshe on ababhikishi Gdansk ngo-1970.

Jaruzelski bekulokhu sikahulumeni pro-Soviet, futhi yasiza ukulikhuthaza kuya phezulu. ithuthukisa ngempumelelo futhi party umsebenzi Wojciech. Ngo-1970 Jaruzelski - ilungu wabaholi Politburo, futhi kusukela ngo-1971 - ilungu Politburo we PUWP. Ngo-1981, lapho walibangisa uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe Polish Yabantu Republic, Nokho, kulesi sikhundla, yena wahlala izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela.

Oshayelayo of Poland

Ngo-October 1981, Voytseh Yaruzelsky esaba umuntu wesibili ezweni, wahola iKomiti Central seqembu ePoland. Lapho eba ikhanda beqembu, izwe lalikhulela kungevani kahle kutenhlalo. Lokhu kwaba nomthelela eziningi imisebenzi "ISolidarity" inyunyana okwenza kube ukuqeda le protectorate wase-USSR. Besabela kuleso simemo, iSoviet Union yase nje yakhishwa kulowo Polish umngcele amabutho, okubangela ematfuba entsha ngesiphazamiso. Kulesi simo, inhloko lasePoland kakhulu esatshwe ayehlasela ezweni labo, ngakho wanquma ukuthi abeke umthetho karate, owathatha iminyaka engu-2. Isimo saqala nokushushiswa baboshwa izishoshovu ukumelana.

Ngo-1985, Jaruzelski waba inhloko yalawa uMkhandlu Wombuso, isb. E. umuntu obaluleke kunabo bonke ezweni. Kwaphela iminyaka emibili engawutholi azama ngayo ukunqoba ngesiphazamiso, kodwa lakhula. Ngaphandle le ngxabano kwaholela imiphumela kwezomnotho kokuntengantenga iqala ePoland, futhi lokhu kwaphinde kwaba nokungezwani kwezigodi kuphela kakhudlwana nomphakathi. Voytseh Yaruzelsky wanquma ukuxoxa namalungu "ISolidarity", wayengumholi weqembu kuphela amazwe obuKhomanisi. Camp, owenza hambisa efanayo. Waqhubeka eziningi ezivuna, okuyinto yafuna ababhikishi, kodwa akazange ukuxazulula ingxabano. Izwe ngaleso sikhathi kwaba esimweni esinzima, enomuzi izikweletu ezinkulu zangaphandle kokuphindela eSoviet Union kanye namazwe aseNtshonalanga, emnothweni ngenxa ukuphathwa kuhlelwe kunqatshiwe, ezikhulayo ukunganeliseki ubunzima bokuphila zabahlali abavamile. A "ISolidarity", eliholwa Lech Walesa iqala ukuletha hhayi kuphela kwezomnotho, kodwa futhi izimfuno zezombusazwe.

Jaruzelski Kunenkolelo ukuthi ukwethulwa amabutho aseSoviet kunemiphumela engemihle kakhulu hhayi kuphela izwe lakhe kodwa ukuba izwe lilonke, Ngakho-ke, ngazama ukuxoxa ababhikishi. Poland kokuphindela eSoviet Union kwaba ezweni kubaluleke kakhulu, kokubili ngokwendawo nakwezombusazwe, ngakho abaseSoviet babezimisele angena kuwo ukuze ulondoloze umbuso wakhe, futhi lokhu, ngokuvumelana inhloko Poland, kwakugcwele bendawo abagcini nje, kodwa futhi iMpi Yezwe.

"Voytseh Yaruzelsky kanye neMpi Yomshoshaphansi" - lena isihloko ucwaningo esizayo mlando kanye nososayensi yezombusazwe, kodwa kuyacaca ukuthi wayengafuni umphumela onjalo, futhi yingakho azama ukuthola isisombululo sokuthula. Kodwa izingxoxo ungazange iholele emiphumeleni efanele, futhi kwadingeka ukuba uvumelane imihlangano ukukhethwa ngokwentando yeningi.

Ngo-1989, ukhetho lwenziwe kule Ukudla, futhi isikhundla sombuso uMongameli ne ikhandidethi ematheni - Jaruzelski. Kwathi uMongameli yasePoland, kodwa ukuxazulula izinkinga Poland bahluleka phakathi nonyaka. Ngo-1990 waphothula inkathi yakhe, wavuma ukuba imihlangano ukukhethwa ngokwentando yeningi futhi bamukele akazange iqhaza. Wema "oshayelayo" iminyaka 9 ubudala, isikhathi sakhe babenegunya elikhulu nobunzima, wazama ukuqeda ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kodwa iningi nabasePoland ke saba 'ubuso' umbuso uyazondwa.

Life after amandla

Baningi izikhathi ohlolayo biography uchaza Yaruzelskogo Voytseha, kodwa emva ukwesula zokuphila kwakhe kushintshile kakhulu: kusukela kumsebenzi omkhulu futhi umthwalo wemfanelo nalutho. Izinsuku agelezé ngokuthula futhi buthule. Leh Valensa, kunokusebenza "nozakwethu" zabo kusuka kwamanye amazwe zangaphambili sezenhlalo, abawaxoshanga owayeyinhloko Poland, nakuba inani labantu kule wafuna kakhulu. Jaruzelski kuhoxiswe asebenzayo ekuphileni komphakathi. Kodwa umuntu enganikanga aphumuze nabasePoland, amaqembu amaningana aye azama ukwenza ulimi umlethe ubulungiswa kibongazimbi crackdown. Futhi ngo-2007, ngemva kokuba yonke inkantolo eqala ukusebenzelana amacala nempi Jaruzelski nesishiyagalombili ayebambisene. Ukuqhutshwa zazizinde kakhulu, futhi ngo-2011 inkantolo yanquma ukuze uchithe icala owayeyinhloko Poland ngenxa isimo sakhe sezempilo.

Izihloko kanye nemiklomelo

Phakathi nesikhathi eside Wojciech Jaruzelski Witold wathola imiklomelo eminingi. Uyaziqhenya kakhulu kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe yezempi: Order of Military anamandla, abalekele ezimbili abanesibindi, ukuze "Isiphambano Grunwald". Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena yanikezelwa inani elikhulu imiklomelo ye-USSR nakwamanye amazwe sezenhlalo.

Ngo-2006 yena yanikezelwa Order "Isiphambano abadingisiwe" ekulungiseleleni okuyinto Jaruzelski wathi wathokoza ukuthi uMongameli Leh Kachinsky wakwazi ukunqoba lo noma ukuchema kuzo yesikhathi esidlule. Lokhu kwabangela resonance enkulu emphakathini. Lokhu umongameli wathi, ukuthi akaboni nje igama Jaruzelski sika ohlwini awardees, lapho ngemvume esinqumweni. Futhi wahlambalaza Wojciech emuva umvuzo.

Jaruzelski ukhushuliwe elisezingeni Jikelele weZempi, akukho kweziqu zokuhlonishwa futhi izindondo, akazange azinikele yena phakathi nokubusa kwayo.

ukuphila Siqu

Voytseh Yaruzelsky, ukuphila kwakhe siqu ngangihlala njalo ngithanda e nabasePoland, akazange anike isizatho esenza ifaneleke inhlebo nechilo. Uye kusukela 1960 ngishade uBarbara Jaruzelski lo mbhangqwana, saba nendodakazi, Monica bakhula umzukulu. Kwakubonakala sengathi wonke umkhaya wakhe nje ephelele. Kodwa ngo-2014 kungamanyala kwaqubuka. Owesifazane oneminyaka engu-84 ubudala, usegxeke Jaruzelski oneminyaka engu-90 ubudala mayelana nesigameko umhlengikazi esibhedlela futhi wayeya ukufaka lokufaka isehlukaniso. Wathi ukuthi isehlukaniso alivumelani. Development nehlazo akwenzekanga ngenxa kokufa kalowo owayengumengameli.

Ukufa Memory

Meyi 25, 2014 Voytseh Yaruzelsky, ogama isithombe uvele zonke abezindaba zezwe, ufile. Ngaphambi kwalokho, wabhekana nomunye unhlangothi, futhi sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo nemiphumela yako, odokotela abakwazanga. UMongameli angcwatshwe honours umnyuziki lempi, ngesikhathi emcimbini owawuhanjelwe uMengameli Polish Leh Valensa futhi Aleksander Kwasniewski. Jaruzelski wembelwa yamathuna of amasosha asePoland, okwabacasula nabasePoland eziningi. Kumemori Bakwethu Voytseh Yaruzelsky uhlala cishe umashiqela, kodwa empeleni wazama kunzima ukulinganisela phakathi isinyathelo yangaphandle futhi aliziphikisi yangaphakathi kuleli zwe. Manje kancane kancane iqaphela ukuthi ePoland, nge Jaruzelski waba nenhlanhla ukuthi akazange avumele ukwakhiwa kweSikhungo ingcindezi kanzima pro-Soviet wombuso.

izingcaphuno

Voytseh Yaruzelsky Russia wayehlale ekhuluma ngemfudumalo okukhulu. Wayengeyena umsekeli kombuso wamaSoviet awuzange a umvikeli oqotho wobukhomanisi, kodwa abantu Russian ukuphila ziphathwe ukushisa. Wathi "kokuxoshwa kwezithunywa Altai washintsha isimo sakhe sengqondo Russian." Voytseh Yaruzelsky, icaphuna izinkulumo, okuyinto namuhla atholakala emibhalweni zezombusazwe, ethi: "isinqumo ukuphoqelela umthetho karate uzobe uhlanganyela kunembeza wakhe kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku." He is bazi kahle mayelana ngokugcwele kobukhulu izenzo zabo. "Angazi usukhathele ukuxolisa into embi," - wathi Jaruzelski.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Voytseh Yaruzelsky yayilawulwa indoda ehloniphekile, zonke izinsuku zokuhamba kwakhe waqhubeka enamathele ikhodi wekuvana udumo. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, akazange azamukele yimiphi imiklomelo Polish, ngaphandle lempi, izindondo esiyisikhumbuzo. Akazange eyabiwe iyiphi ezingeni futhi izihloko, ngisho nokuphila kwakhe Wayenesizotha kakhulu. Cishe njalo Jaruzelski waya izibuko ezimnyama, okuyiwona abantu okuthiwa ashiwo kuye zonya eziningi, kodwa imbangela khona ukulimala ngesikhathi kokuxoshwa kwezithunywa Altai. Yena kahle wakhuluma in Russian, akazange awuphuze, ukufunda okuningi futhi kwaba umuntu ecabangela.