Isikhundla ezindawo of eCaucasus, indawo, izimo zemvelo

Isikhundla ezindawo of eCaucasus namanje kuyindaba yokukhathalelwa impikiswano phakathi ososayensi. Phela, umkhawulo phakathi eYurophu nase-Asia. Kodwa lapho ncamashi itholakala Cordon? Uma sicabanga ukuthi yasehlanzeni eningizimu, indawo ephakeme e-Europe i-Mount Elbrus. Kodwa uma umngcele egobhoza Main Caucasian khahlamba, le Mont Blanc. Zaleli zwe lezintaba kakhulu enwetshiwe. Ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene eCaucasus isungule sezulu layo siqu. Lezi zindawo kuhluke sendawo kanye nemvelo. Kulesi sihloko sichaza ngokuningiliziwe mayelana ubuso eziningi eCaucasus uhlelo entabeni.

Indawo emephini zomhlaba

Ingabe esifundeni e-Eurasia yayigcwele ephakathi kweBlack Sea futhi Azov Sea e intshonalanga iCaspian Sea empumalanga. Ngasenyakatho of eCaucasus welula ivulekile East European Plain. Lokhu, izwe elikhulu sezintaba has imingcele layo elicacile zemvelo. Isikhundla ezindawo of eCaucasus phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili ezilwandle i-Atlantic Ocean kanye ukuphela echibini iCaspian Sea esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni sibeka ukuthi imingcele esentshonalanga nasempumalanga kohlelo entabeni kuyabonakala. Futhi kuthiwani enyakatho futhi ikakhulukazi eningizimu ngakho ayilula kangako. Kuma-Manych ukucindezeleka amanga endaweni kusukela yoLwandle iCaspian kuya Azov kanye Kerch Strait. Kuthathwa umngcele osenyakatho eCaucasus. Esikhathini eningizimu zalesi simiso uya kahle ezintabeni Turkey ne-Iran. Border ingahlukaniswa ukubambelela elaliyiSoviet isimo Cordon endaweni. Manje-ke kuvela Georgia, Armenia ne-Azerbaijan. Umngcele oseningizimu egobhoza ithafa wentaba-mlilo-Armenian, umfula Araks futhi eza Talysh Mountains.

Geotectonics kumephu

Isikhundla ezindawo of eCaucasus ukhuluma kufakazela iqiniso lokuthi lezi zintaba kuyingxenye ibhande Alpine-zaseHimalaya. Kusekhona umsebenzi okuqhubekayo zomhlaba, nakuba azikho nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo. Ngokusho ukwakhiwa eCaucasus geomorphological sehlukaniswe esifundeni ezine orographic. Ake sibheke nabo Strand.

Ezingxenyeni ezikude zenyakatho kuyakhanya Ciscaucasian, okuyinto welula strip ebanzi Azov ukuze yoLwandle iCaspian. Ngaphezu kwalokho eningizimu, ezintabeni akhale anamagquma. On the Big Caucasian yokhalo elise uhlelo main iphakama - Elbrus futhi Kazbek. Kule ndawo enkulukazi futhi has izici zayo siqu. ENingizimu kuba ukucindezeleka Transcaucasian. It siqukethe le Kura-Araks elisezansi futhi Colchis. Futhi enye Transcaucasian Highlands. Ke, ngesikhathi, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili. Le zokhahlamba of eCaucasus Lesser futhi Javakheti-Armenia Highland.

Esikhathini ibalazwe sezwe sezombangazwe

Ngaseningizimu Main eCaucasus Ibanga kukhona geqe futhi inkosi Georgia, Armenia ne-Azerbaijan. North zokhahlamba elalihlala Russian Federation. Kukhona ama-republic self-wamemezela of eCaucasus: South Ossetia Abkhazia futhi Nagorno-Karabakh. ikusasa labo, efana isimo yetepolitiki, awuzwakali kakhulu. I Russian Federation kuyinto esifundeni izinhlangano eziningana indawo. Ntshonalanga iyona laseStavropol futhi Krasnodar izindawo. Babonakala resort izifunda of Russia. Enyakatho-mpumalanga kuyinto republic ezizimele Caucasian ngaphakathi Russian Federation njengoba Adygea, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Chechnya, North Ossetia futhi Karachay-Cherkessia. Ukwakheka National sabantu kula mazwe kuyinto ngempela ezimibalabala. It ukhonza njengelungu ithuba ezihlukahlukene izingxabano inter-yobuhlanga. izindawo Zezıhlabane of eCaucasus babe Chechnya, South Ossetia Dagestan, Ingushetia. Nagorno-Karabakh namanje insimu uphikise phakathi Armenia ne-Azerbaijan.

Izifunda eCaucasus Ukhahlamba

Ubude enkulu ugema kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi ngamunye wabo inezici yayo ezindawo. Ngakho, elinezintaba ingahlukaniswa hhayi kuphela enyakatho, enkabeni naseningizimu, kodwa futhi eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga eCaucasus. Uma sicabangela yokhalo main ke kungenzeka ukwehlukanisa ingxenye ukuthi iqala phezu Absheron nhlonhlo antante Kazbek. Lokhu East eCaucasus. Izoni lemcoka afanayo kakhulu onomfutho, Kwehlukanisa Ibanga (main) kanye lateral ukwehlukana izingxenye yasenyakatho naseningizimu yezwe. LaseWestern eCaucasus iqala phezu Taman nhlonhlo futhi kancane kancane antante Elbrus (5642 m ngaphezu kolwandle). Ngo emaphakathi nengxenye encane, phakathi iziqongo ezimbili esiphezulu zokhahlamba, bagxila wonke amanye amamitha abe yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu: Dykhtau, Mijirghi, Jangi-Tau, Pushkin, Koshtantau, Shkhara. Ngayinye yalezi ngenhla Mont Blanc -Alps (4807 m).

Caucasus Lesser

Ngaseningizimu Main (kuhlukane) Ibanga osuka elwandle kuze kube selwandle, impumuzo enkulu yokucindezeleka. Lapha abelwe izifunda of eCaucasus, njengoba Colchis ezimanzi Izimfunda ezingasogwini lwe-e intshonalanga Alazan elomile Kura-Araz Araba ngasempumalanga. Kodwa eningizimu deflections futhi ukukhuphuka intaba. Kuphela submeridional noLiki Ibanga uxhuma eCaucasus Greater ne Amancane. Igama yokugcina akufanele ukudukisa noma ubani. Yiqiniso, phezulu Lesser eCaucasus Kazbek yalutho futhi Elbrus. Kodwa nansi iNtaba i-Ararati (5165 m). Kuyinto iphuzu esiphezulu ye-Asia Minor. Kukhona kulesi sifunda okuningi iphakama ibe ngaphezu Alpine Mont Blanc. Lesser eCaucasus basonta 600-ikhilomitha arc. Baningi emikhulu yayo abe ukuphakama amakhilomitha 2-3. Basuke ahlukaniswe imicengezi ezijulile intermountain. Eningizimu ye-izintaba welulela enkulu Highland Javakheti-Armenia. Siqukethe emikhulu mlilo kanye Amathafa ukusika by zigodi ezijulile. Iphuzu esiphezulu kule ndawo - Aragats (4090 m).

uhlelo entabeni eningizimu lapho uphela

Isikhundla ezindawo of eCaucasus kangangokuthi kunzima ukunquma umngcele. Ngo lamagquma eningizimu-mpumalanga kancane ezihambelayo Talysh Izintaba, siphetfo Lenkoran emathafeni eduze iCaspian Sea (28 m ngezansi kolwandle). Eningizimu eningizimu-ntshonalanga Lesser eCaucasus sihamba kule Alborz Ukhahlamba. Lokhu uchungechunge enyakatho Iran kuyingxenye ezintabeni Pontic e-Asia Minor. Ngakho, singasho ukuthi yomngcele oseningizimu zokhahlamba kuyinto ehlanzeni Länkäran futhi Talish ezintabeni Alborz Ukhahlamba.

abantu Caucasian

Le ndawo owakhiwe izizwe ngamashumi ayisihlanu. Futhi ngamunye wabo idale isiko layo eliyingqayizivele. Ikakhulukazi heterogeneous ukubunjwa ezinhlanga ezithile kuwubulungisa North eCaucasus (Russia). Le ndawo owakhiwe Kabardian, Adygei, Cherkess, Shapsugs, Chechens, ingush, Batsbi, Tsakhurs, Tabasaran, Rutuls, Lezgins, Laks, Dargin, Aguls, Avars. Kukhona futhi abantu abakhuluma izilimi zezigodi we-Altai ulimi umkhaya. It Nogai, truhmeny, Kumyks Karachai, Balkars, Meskhetian nabaseTurkey. Transcaucasia is kuhlale Georgians, Armenia, Azerbaijanis. Kodwa Ukwakheka ngokobuhlanga kula ma-republic heterogeneous kakhulu. Phakathi abameleli bezizwe titular lala mazwe kukhona Abkhazians, ama-Ossetic omdabu, Tats, Talysh, amaJuda Intaba, Yezidis, Kurds, abase-Asiriya. Futhi yafika izizwe kuzixazulule emlandweni eside kule onqenqemeni entabeni. Lokhu isiRashiya, Ukraine, amaGreki, amaJuda, AmaTatar nabanye. Izinkolo eziyinhloko Islam (njengoba Shia futhi Sunni) nama-Orthodox.

isimo zokuzamazama komhlaba

indawo eCaucasus amanga ngokuphelele ibhande Alpine-zaseHimalaya. Le ndawo mobile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuzamazama komhlaba njalo eCaucasus. Bandisa inkonzo zokuzamazama komhlaba esifundeni kuholela yokuthi ezintabeni ngenxa Kuhlangana kuhlangana khona izingqimba zomhlaba sikhule yingxenye isentimitha ngonyaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Emathafeni iwe nakakhulu. Le nqubo ngeke ngokushesha - kusukela amamilimitha angu ngonyaka amabili kuya kwayisithupha. Komhlaba esivamile eCaucasus, ngokunembile enyakatho-ntshonalanga zezinkangala zase-Armenia. I last inhlekelele enjalo yemvelo, okwabulala izinkulungwane zabantu, okwenzeka ngo-1988. Intaba eCaucasus ngenxa yomsebenzi walo okusezingeni eliphezulu zokuzamazama komhlaba kukhonjelwe izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze njalo, izinguzunga zeqhwa mudflows. komhlaba okuncane kubangele rockfalls nokudilika kwenhlabathi. inhlabathi Soft wageza ukusakaza nezinye izinqubo ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. kwakhiwa Ngakho emihumeni. Ziziningi ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho Greater eCaucasus. Engingakusho nje kokukhumbula Vorontsov emhumeni uhlelo, New Athos, Isithwathwa umhosha (yayo ukujula - 1370 m), Lago-Naki ithafa.

Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo eCaucasus

Zaleli zwe lezintaba amanga kwemingcele nakwezifudumele futhi athokomele esishintshashintshayo zemvelo. Ungase bathi: oluphakemeyo, okuyinto eCaucasus ngokwawo isici sezulu ukwakha. Peaks nanhlanu amamitha ayizinkulungwane ngokuphepha harbor emithambekeni aseningizimu emimoyeni ebandayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yasehlanzeni enyakatho Caucasian eqala shot zonke okushisa aphansi. Ikakhulukazi abatelekile umehluko izici zezulu ebonwe ebusika. Lapho engxenyeni Russian yezwe ezintaba snowfalls esindayo eCaucasus republic ebusa sezulu ecacile, omile futhi efudumele. Yiqiniso, e izintaba ezinjalo omkhulu waphawula eziphakeme zone. On iziqongo unyaka wonke iqhwa. Ngezansi ulele zone kanye wona esikhundleni alpine edlelweni, coniferous noluhlala lezihlahla. Futhi ezigodini ke ejabulisa iso nge aluhlaza siluhlaza izimila esihle.

Caucasus emifuleni

Amanzi esifundeni imithambo abe umlingisi entabeni ukugeleza, ngakho ukudlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni energy. Kumele ukuthi emithambekeni enyakatho of eCaucasus flat, side, kuyilapho eningizimu - emaweni futhi azimele. impumuzo nomthelela emfuleni. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe entabeni, ziba imvelo flat. Njengoba isibonelo, Don. Kuban - emfuleni elikhulu North eCaucasus. Kodwa kukhona kule ndawo elinezintaba Ukusakaza fast and zeziyaluyalu. Lena ngokuyinhloko Kura futhi Terek. Caucasus emifuleni basonta imicengezi nezilwandle ezintathu, okuyinto ahaqe eentatjaneni. Terek, Aras, Kura, Kuma futhi Sulak iyangena yoLwandle iCaspian. Babebomuntu Black Sea umcengezi nemifula ezifana Bzyb, Kodori, Inguri, Rioni. Azov uthuthukise Don, Kuban. Leli chibi elikhulu kunawo wonke esifundeni Sevan.

Nature eCaucasus

elinezintaba ezihlukahlukene ngokumangalisayo namathafa. Kukhona nakwezifudumele elisezansi emaxhaphozini, amahlathi emvula aminyene fir, boxwood izihlahla, ohlanzekile izimfunda. At ukuphakama elikhulu amamitha angaphezu kuka eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu ubuswa ulele futhi wona. Iqhwa iqala ngo 3,500 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Elaliphansi enyakatho of eCaucasus ezipholile. zonation Kuqondile kulezi emithambekeni libhekene kushintsha nezinezimo. iqhwa umngcele eNorth Caucasus amanga ngaphansana eningizimu - ngezithuba 2800 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Intaba nezilwane ezihlukahlukene esifundeni kudingeka ivikelwe. Lynx kanye nengwe Caucasian ivuliwe onqenqemeni yokuqothulwa. Uhlobo ongowokuzalwa zinyathi, amaphiva futhi amahlosi zanyamalala ngokuphelele. Kodwa kuze kube manje, zitholakala ezihosheni entabeni amabhere, izingulube zasendle, negogo nezinqama zasendle. Njengoba ukuze izitshalo, eCaucasus is njengoba endaweni okwazalelwa kuyo hogweed giant ezaziwayo. Ngo-1890, wayiswa e-Europe njengoba esimila Ornamental. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kubhekwa neophyte esiyingozi ngokwedlulele futhi nolaka.

amathuba zokuzivoxavoxa eCaucasus

Isifunda itholakala phakathi kolwandle ezintathu eningizimu. Kube yasungulwa sezulu onomoya, aphuma esipholile ukuze esihle. izintaba High ukudala ezihlukahlukene omkhulu ebukeka. emifuleni Fast esilazayo uthanda ukumema kude. Konke lokhu kwenza eCaucasus ku endaweni yokuzithokozisa. Kodwa lapha ungakwazi nje uphumule kodwa futhi ukuba aphulukise. Lokhu kunengxenye ekwenzeni semali lamanzi esiphethu okuyinto akhiwa emadwaleni. Izwe lonke owazi brand "Borjomi", okuyinto ithumela kwamanye amazwe Georgia. Kodwa ziningi izinsiza zokuzithokozisa kanye North eCaucasus. Kislovodsk, Mineralnye Vody, Georgievsk, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Yessentuki, Lermontov - zonke lezi amadolobha resort ise laseStavropol esifundeni. Zolsky District (Kabardino-Balkaria) idume Narzanov Tambukan futhi ekwelapheni udaka echibini.