Abafel 'ukholo Lama-Fort of Sevastia - amaqhawe angamaKristu afela ukholo. I-Church of the Saints of the Forty Martyrs Martyrs: Incazelo, History and Interesting Facts

Abafel 'ukholo abangama-40 baseSevastia bangamaqhawe angamaKristu abeka ukuphila kwabo egameni leNkosi uJesu Kristu emzini waseSebastia (i-Small Armenia, insimu yeTurkey yanamuhla). Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-320, ngaphansi kokubusa kwe-Licinius. ESontweni Lama-Orthodox namhlanje ligujwa ngoMashi 9 (22).

Ukuhlonipha lesi senzakalo, ithempeli lamaMartyrs angu-Fort of Sevastia lakhiwa eMoscow, okwakufanele futhi libhekane nokuvivinywa okuningi okunzima. Lokhu kuzochazwa ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.

Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi umkhosi wabaMartyrs abayishumi nambili ezinyangeni ezindala kakhulu zisho amaholide ahloniphekile kakhulu. Ngosuku lwememori yabo, ukuzila okusheshayo kuhlinzekwa, kuvunyelwe ukunambitha iwayini kanye neLiturgy yezipho eziPhasisiwe zenziwa.

Abafel 'ukholo Lama-Fort of Sevastia: Ukuphila

Ngemuva kokuba amanye amakhosi abulawe emibangweni yombango, i-Licinius yobuhedeni kanye noKhristu uConstantine I-Great bahlala bengabaphathi bamazwe aseRoma. Okugcina ngo-313 wakhipha umyalo wokuthi amaKristu avunyelwe inkululeko ephelele yenkolo, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi umalungelo abo alingana nalabo abeZizwe.

Nokho, i-Licinius yayingumhedeni onzima. AmaKristu wayebheka izitha zakhe ezifungile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayelungiselela amabutho akhe empini ngokumelene noConstantine, ngoba wanquma ekugcineni ahlanza izwe lakhe labafundi balolu kholo.

Agricola

Ngesikhathi esifanayo eSebastia, umlawuli wamaphoyisa u-Agricola, umsekeli oshisekayo wobuqaba, ngaphansi komyalo wokuthi iqembu lamaqhawe angama-forty lamaKapadoki, lawo awanqoba ngokuphindaphindiwe abahluleki, wanquma ukubaphoqelela ukuba balahle ukholo lwabo futhi afune ukuhlatshwa onkulunkulu bamaqaba. Kodwa amadoda angamaqhawe ayenqaba, khona-ke baboshwa ngokushesha bavalelwa ejele. Lapho baqala ukuthandaza ngobuqotho kuNkulunkulu futhi ebusuku bezwa izwi lakhe: "Lowo okhuthazela kuze kube sekupheleni, uyakusindiswa!".

Khona-ke u-Agricola wahamba ngobuqili nokukhohlisa, waqala ukudumisa la majaha njengamaqhawe anamandla, okufanele athole umusa kumbusi ngokwakhe, ngakho-ke kufanele alahle uKristu.

ULisiya

Ngemuva kwesonto kamuva, u-Lysias ohloniphekile, weza ukuhlela uvivinyo lwabo. Kodwa abafel 'ukholo ba-Sevastia abangamashumi amane baqine ukukholwa kuKristu futhi base bekulungele ukunikela impilo yabo. Khona-ke uLisiya wakhipha umyalo wokushaya abafel 'ukholo ngamatshe. Nokho, itshe eliphonswe nguye lawela ngqo ebusweni buka-Agricola. Abahlukumezi babesaba kakhulu, bezwa ukuthi amandla angabonakali avikela abafel 'ukholo base-Sevastia abangamashumi amane.

Futhi amasosha angamaKristu aphinda eboshiwe ejele, lapho aqhubeka ethandaza ngentshiseko kuKristu futhi aphinde ezwa izwi laKhe: "Okholwa yimi, uma efa, uzovuka. Ungesabi, ngoba imiqhele ayibhubhi. "

Ngakusasa kwakukhona ukuphenywa. Kunqunywe emakhazeni ukuba athathe amasosha echibini abashiye eqhweni ubusuku bonke etilongweni. Futhi eduze nogwini isilingo sakhukhula ukugeza. Omunye wamasosha akakwazanga ukuma futhi wagijima waya endlini yokugeza, kodwa, engabi nesikhathi sokugijima, wawa phansi efile.

I-Aglaya

Ngehora lesithathu ekuseni iNkosi yathumela ukukhanya nokufudumala, iqhwa ngaphansi kwabo liyancibilika, futhi bathola emanzini afudumele. Ngalesi sikhathi, bonke abalindi babelele, u-Aglaya kuphela owayesebenza. Ngokungazelelwe wabona umqhele ogqamile ubonakala phezu kwekhanda ngalinye lompi. Njengoba elahlekelwe umqhele owodwa, wabona ukuthi umgijimi wayelahlekile, kanti u-Aglaya, ngokuvusa abalindi, waphonsa izingubo zakhe, wamemeza nokuthi naye ungumKristu, futhi wahlanganyela nabanye abafel 'ukholo. Lapho eseduze kwabo, waqala ukuthandaza kuNkulunkulu, labo abaqhawe abangcwele abakholwa kuye. Futhi wacela ukuthi uKristu amthintele kubo, ukuze ahlonishwe ukuhlupheka nezinceku zakhe.

Ngakusasa wonke umuntu wabona ukuthi basaphila, kanye nabo base-Aglaya, bekhazimulisa uKristu. Bese bekhishwa emanzini ukubulala imilenze yabo.

Melithon

Usuku lokugcina lwabafel 'ukholo abangu-40 baseSevastia lwaqala ngezihlushwa ezimbi. Phakathi nalesi sigameko esibuhlungu, unina womlindi omncane kunabo bonke uMeliton wayekuye futhi wanxusa indodana yakhe ukuba ingesabi izilingo futhi ikhuthaze konke kuze kube sekupheleni. Ngemva kokuhlukunyezwa, izidumbu ezibulewe zabafel 'ukholo zafakwa esitimeleni ukuze zithathwe ukuze zishiswe. Kodwa uMeliton osemncane wasala emhlabathini, ngoba wayesaphila. Unina, owayeseduze, wakhulisa indodana yakhe emahlombe akhe wamhudula ngemuva kwesitimela. Endleleni, wakhipha umoya. Umama, wamdonsa indodana yakhe enqoleni, wambeka eceleni kwezinto zakhe ezingcwele. Ngokushesha imizimba yabo yatshiswa esigxotsheni, futhi izinsalela zokushiswa zamathambo zaphonswa emanzini ukuze zingasuswa namaKristu.

Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu ephusheni, uMbhishobhi Sebastian wambusisa uPetru wabona abafel 'ukholo baseSabaste abangamashumi amane, abamtshela ukuthi baqoqe izinsalela zabo bese bebemngcwaba. Ebusuku, umbhishobhi, kanye nabafundisi abaningana, baqoqa izinsalela zabafel 'ukholo abangcwele abakhazimulayo futhi bazinikela ngenhlonipho.

I-Church of the Marty Sebaste Martyrs eMoscow

Ekukhunjweni kwabafel 'ukholo, amathempeli akhiwa emhlabeni jikelele. Omunye wabo ungakwesokunxele komnyango weSonto le-Sepulcher Engcwele. Kuyaphawuleka ngokuba yindawo yokungcwaba yamaPatridri aseJerusalema, nakuba umbhishobhi wokuqala waseJerusalema kwakubizwa ngokuthi umfowabo kaJesu, uJakobe, owayephakathi kwabaphostoli abangu-70. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ababhishobhi babengama-43. Kamuva, ngo-451, e-Chalcedon eMkhandlwini Wesine Wama-Ecumenical , kunqunywe ukuba kuphakanyiswe umbhishobhi waseJerusalema esihlalweni sezinzalamizi.

Ithempeli elilodwa lalabo abafel 'ukholo lokufa abayishumi nambili baseSevastia lakhiwa eMoscow, umlando walo udonsela futhi ubabaze abaningi base-Orthodox. Itholakala ngokuqondile ngokumelene neNdlunkulu yaseModospassky, eDinamovskaya Street, 28. Leli tempile lalibizwa ngokuthi iSorocosvyat futhi libiza indalo yalo kule ndlu yasendulo.

Konke kwaqala ngokuthi ngo-1640 uThakha Mikhail Fedorovich wahlala lapha abakhi bamakhosi ababesakhiwe ekwakhiweni kwezindonga zamatshe ezintsha zendlu yezindela kanye nethempeli laso eliyinhloko - uMsindisi weTransfiguration Cathedral. Ngemva kokuqedwa kwebhizinisi lonke, abadwebi bahlala kule ndawo, okwakuthiwa yi-Taganskaya Sloboda.

Intukuthelo enkulu

Ngo-1645, phambi kwezindwendwe, bakha iSonto Lama-Forty-Five. Kuwo wonke umlando, kuqhutshwe izinhlekelele ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngo-1764 wabanjwa futhi wenziwa zonke izitsha zesonto, ubucwebe, isiphambano esingcwele nemifanekiso. Ngemuva kwesifo ngo-1771, inani lamalungu esonto lahle kakhulu. Ngo-1773, kwashona umlilo, futhi zonke izindlu zaseParish zashiswa, isonto lalisongelwa ukuthi lizovalwa, kodwa ngenxa yobufakazi bukadikoni uPeter Sviatoslavsky (Velyaminov) ukuthi abantu basePhalamende babezokwakha kabusha imizi yabo, i-cathedral yasala yedwa. Umdikoni ngokwabo wamiswa njengompristi, ukuba aqhubeke ekhonza nalesi sonto.

Ngo-1801 lesi sakhiwo sasisakhiwe ucingo lwamatshe, kwakhiwa isakhiwo esisha sensimbi. Phakathi kwamasonto ethempelini kwakungumculi odumile uFs S. Rokotov, owabe esemngcwabeni emathuneni eMonastery yaseNovovassky.

Ubaba kababa uPeter

Ngo-1812 ithempeli lamaMartyrs angu-40 laphangwa ngokuphelele ngamabutho kaNapoleon. Umqondisi wesonto likaBaba uPeter (Veliaminov) bafela ukholo. Wenqaba ukuwanika indawo lapho izikhonkwane eziyigugu zigcinwa khona. Wagwetshwa ngama-sabers nama-bayonethi. Ubusuku bonke wayelele echibini legazi, kodwa wayesaphila. Ekuseni ngoSepthemba 3, umFulentshi wamhawukela futhi wamdubula ekhanda.

Umzimba wakhe wangcwatshwa ngaphandle kwebhokisi kanye nenkonzo yokungcwaba, futhi kathathu kwakubanjwa yisitha. Kuphela ngoDisemba 5, lapho isidumbu sakhe sabuye savuleka, uyise kaPetru wakwazi ukucula ngomyalelo wesonto. Abafakazi bokuzibonela bathi izinyanga ezintathu umzimba wompristi, naphezu kwakho konke, wahlala ungapheli, ngisho namanxeba aphuma.

Ukuvuselela nokunye ukungcola

Ngokuqhubekayo ithempeli ngosizo lwabantu abanobubele futhi laqala ukuhlobisa, olusha futhi lunikezwe ngendlela efanele. Ngesikhumbuzo senceku yakhe ethembekileyo, i-plaque ekhunjulwayo yayiboshwe odongeni.

Ngemuva kwezinguquko, isimo samasonto onke sasifana, uhulumeni omusha wabulawa futhi wabanjwa, abapristi namakholwa babulawa, bathunyelwa ekuthunjweni. Ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu yePatriotic ethempelini kwakukhona i-workshop yokwenza izingotshe zamagobolondo. Ngo-1965, i-Research Institute yasungulwa lapha, khona-ke uMnyango WezeMnyango Wezobunjiniyela Bomsebenzi. Isonto lathunyelwa esontweni kuphela ngo-1990 kulesi sikhalazo soMphathiswa omkhulu u-Alexy II.

Isiphetho

Ekugcineni, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isitayela esisha somkhosi wabafel 'ukholo baseSevastian abangamashumi amane uwela ngoMashi 22. ERussia, ngokusho komkhuba wezilwane ngalolu suku, abakholwayo babhaka izinhlanzi ngendlela yezinyoni ezinwabuzelayo, njengoba beba uphawu lwezinkazimulo zeNkosi, bekhuphuka ngezenzo zabafel 'ukholo ababonisa ukuthobeka kweqiniso nokulangazelela eMbusweni weZulwini, kuKristu - Ilanga leQiniso.