Amagatsha eyinhloko Russian Imboni Khanyisa

I eziyinkimbinkimbi of ezidayiswayo ukukhanya umkhakha akulona zokugcina. Lokhu umkhakha ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa izindwangu, izingubo, izicathulo kanye nokunye. D. Ngaphezu imikhiqizo ngomumo-to-ukusetshenziswa, umkhakha ukukhanya ukhiqiza lulwimi siphelile imikhiqizo, izikhala kanye impahla kwezinye izinkampani. Ngokwesibonelo, kungaba ngebhasi, isihlungi izinto, cores kwizintambo steel.

в России находятся в разных городах. Ekhona umkhakha ukukhanya eRussia kukhona emadolobheni ahlukene. Egqanyisiwe izikhungo ezinkulu eziningana imikhiqizo enjalo. Lapha, ucwaningo nentuthuko njalo kwenziwe, kunezizathu eziningi ezintsha sub-indastri.

izici Jikelele

, которая обеспечивает производство товаров для массового потребления. umkhakha Modern ukukhanya iyona umkhakha enikeze ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla ezikhiqizelwa. Kulo mkhakha womsebenzi abantu kuhlanganisa umjikelezo ephelele ukukhiqizwa. Luqala ngokunikela isizinda of izinto zokusetshenziswa futhi iphela ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ngomumo-to-ukusetshenziswa.

Lokhu umkhakha usebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga edingekayo ukusebenza imikhiqizo inikeza abantu ukudla inqwaba. Inani imikhiqizo siphelile kumele bahlangabezane ngokugcwele funa zomphakathi.

Zonke izimboni ukuthi ayingxenye umkhakha ukukhanya zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu 3. Eyokuqala yalezi kukhona ibhizinisi ukwenziwa izinto zokusetshenziswa. Iqembu lesibili lalinabashumayeli ukukhiqizwa, akhiphela workpiece futhi ushintsho. Basebenza ukunikeza imikhiqizo yabo njengoba umkhakha ukukhanya, kanye nezinye izimboni. Iqembu lesithathu lihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-product yakho yokugcina.

осуществляют обработку шкур, добычу хлопка, а полупродуктовое производство включает в себя прядильные, текстильные работы. Raw ukukhanya umkhakha Russia, ukucutshungulwa izikhumba, ukukhiqizwa ukotini, nokukhiqizwa poluproduktovoe kuhlanganisa ukuphotha, umsebenzi yendwangu. Amagatsha e-ukukhiqizwa yokugcina onguchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa izicathulo, izingubo, okhaphethi, nokunye. D. Enterprises kuleli qembu kungene ingxenye enkulu umkhakha ukukhanya.

Izici

занимают львиную долю в производстве товаров народного потребления. Amagatsha e-ekudleni, nokukhanya umkhakha wathatha share sengonyama ekukhiqizeni ezidayiswayo. Sinenkosi nomthelela obalulekile wonke umnotho.

umkhakha Khanyisa enezinto eziningi izici. ukukhiqizwa yayo neqembu lokuqala, abangongoti ekukhiqizeni izinto zokusetshenziswa, zitholakala eduze emakamu izikhungo zayo. Phakathi womshini umkhiqizo umjikelezo wokugcina izinyathelo umuntu kungenzeka Izimboni ezahlukene. Kukhona ezingavamile esigcwele umjikelezo ibhizinisi.

ukunakwa okuningi ikhokhelwa inqubo aliqede. Ukubukeka komkhiqizo linendima ebalulekile. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha abasebenzi ezifanele eziphoqelelwe nezimfuneko (isib khona ukunambitheka).

I amabhizinisi of kulo mkhakha womsebenzi ngokuvamile ube usayizi encane. Basebenza okusheshayo, njalo siguqula uhla yayo. Lokhu kungenxa izinguquko njalo kule imfashini, zabathengi okuthandwa. On izimboni ezifana ikakhulukazi abesifazane basebenze. Umthengi wokugcina ngokuyinhloko ngabanye. Lezi zici ziyabhekelelwa enhlanganweni imijikelezo ukukhiqizwa.

Amathemba utshalomali

в нашей стране имеют большой потенциал для инвестирования. Amagatsha ukudla umkhakha ukukhanya ezweni lethu isethubeni elikhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona amanani amakhulu ubuningi ukukhiqizwa umthamo. Kuyazuzisa zimali ukutshala ekukhiqizeni ezinjalo ngenxa inzuzo eliphezulu ukutshalwa kwezimali, futhi ngokushesha ukubuyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfanekiso umkhakha angadingi utshalomali abalulekile. Ngonyaka kungenzeka ukwenza imijikelezo engaphezu kwemibili egcwele ukusebenza. Iphinde ukhuluma amathuba okuhweba utshalomali.

Mount imishini kungaba izinyanga ezimbalwa nje. Ngakho-ke, ngomnyaka wokuqala amabhizinisi ezifana kungayiletha inzuzo. Faka okwesikhashana zabo khulula kusho zimali can e angaphezu kuka-30 ehlukene ase-imikhakha. Abaningi babo abayeshwamayo futhi ethembisa kakhulu.

izinto zokusetshenziswa for umkhakha ukukhanya ezweni lethu kahle. Ihlangabezana ngokugcwele isidingo wamabhizinisi e uvolo, nelineni, amakhemikhali imicu yemisipha, isikhumba noboya. Izinto zokusetshenziswa kuhlinzekwa ngu ezolimo, umkhakha zamakhemikhali. izindleko zayo kwamukelekile. Lokhu kukuvumela ukwenza imikhiqizo etholakala ku izindleko izigaba ezahlukene abathengi.

предоставляет ряд возможностей для инвесторов. umkhakha Umnotho ukukhanya inikeza eziningi amathuba zimali. Ukwenza ibhizinisi kule ndawo laphakade liyathembisa.

isakhiwo

включают в себя более 30 различных подотраслей. izimboni ukukhanya Main zihlanganisa nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-30 ehlukene ase-imikhakha. Basuke evamile ezihlanganiswe 3 amaqembu ayinhloko. Eyokuqala wabo siphathelene basembonini yendwangu. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa production zikakotini nelineni. Lihlanganisa ibhizinisi uvolo, ukunitha nosilika izigatshana. Izinkampani onguchwepheshe eqenjini iphathwa izinto zokusetshenziswa eyinhloko, esikhiqiza izinto ezahlukene (nokwelukiweyo okungezona nokwelukiweyo).

Nezingubo umkhakha kungokwalabo iqembu izimboni yesibili. It ngokukhethekile ukucutshungulwa izindwangu kanye nezinye izinto zendwangu, zesikhumba noboya, etc ... Kulesi sigaba afakiwe njengenhlangano ibhizinisi ngobubanzi esitebeleni (izingubo zokusebenza), futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukukhiqizwa ashukumisayo (ekuhlanganiseni of umklami izingubo). Lena iqembu kunalokho heterogeneous. amabhizinisi wayo zahlukahlukene kakhulu futhi babe nezimiso ezahlukene yokuhlala.

Iqembu lesithathu lihlanganisa noboya, isikhumba, nezicathulo sub-indastri. Ukukhiqizwa lo mkhuba kuthiwa lisebenzelana eduze.

yokuhlala Izici

не имеют четко выраженной специализации в территориальном отношении. Amagatsha eyinhloko ukudla futhi umkhakha ukukhanya kungukuthi icaciswe lunye ngokuya endaweni. Cishe kuzo zonke izifunda kukhona ukukhiqizwa ezithile kuleli qembu. Nokho, basembonini yendwangu Kusengenzeka ukuhlonza izindawo eyinhloko lokuhlushwa amabhizinisi.

Ngakho, Tver, Ivanovo izifunda ukukhiqiza eziningana impela imikhiqizo ephuma ukotini Indwangu. Uma sicabanga esifundeni kwezomnotho Central, kungenzeka ukuba bafinyelele iziphetho mayelana lokuhlushwa lezi imikhiqizo lapha.

Esikhathini Ivanovo esifundeni likhiqiza u-55% wabo bonke izindwangu zikakotini. Kakhulu ngaphansi bagxila izimboni ezifana eMoscow (11%) kanye uVladimir izifunda (7%). Ngokuqondile e Moscow ekhiqizwa 6% kwendawo izindwangu zikakotini.

практически ничем не отличаются от других направлений деятельности. Izinto eziyinhloko ukubeka umkhakha ukukhanya cishe akahlukile neminye imisebenzi. Avame kwahambisana ngumuntu eziyinkimbinkimbi umnotho kazwelonke, kanye nezidingo ngaphakathi izifunda.

izici indawo

Umbono ngazwilinye kokubekwa ukukhiqizwa eyethulwe umkhakha lapho. Nokho, kukhona ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko izinto nomthelela kule nqubo. могут размещаться с учетом концентрации сырья, потребителей или трудовых ресурсов. izimboni Khanyisa zingafakwa nge material eluhlaza okuhlushwa, abathengi noma nezisebenzi. Ngaphambili, izinkampani kule mboni semnotfo engaphansi kakhulu kundawo izitshalo amandla. Namuhla, ngenxa ukutholakala kule nsiza, lokhu yikona isibe afterthought.

Umthengi isici kuthinta ibhizinisi ukukhiqiza izinto zokusetshenziswa. imikhiqizo yabo ngezinye izikhathi kahle zithutha olude. Ngakho-ke, lezi amabhizinisi tibheke eduze izimboni sicubungula izinto zokusetshenziswa.

ukucutshungulwa eyinhloko amabhizinisi futhi ibekwe eduze maphakathi ukukhiqizwa ukotini, imfuyo amapulazi nokunye. d. Lokhu kwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, kwandisa inzuzo.

Abasebenzi futhi esibalulekile indawo amabhizinisi. Iningi labesimame izimboni ezifana usebenze. Ngakho-ke uyelulekwa ukwakha izimboni enikeziwe lunye izindawo umkhakha esindayo. Ngoba lezizinto ikakhulu esetshenziswa lomtshikatshika amadoda. Lokhu kuvumela the ningi NEMPUMELELO NGAPHAKATHI ukusetshenziswa zabasebenzi imithombo esifundeni.

yendwangu umkhakha

. ukukhiqizwa Textile - kuba esikhulu kunazo zonke izimboni ukukhanya. It ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa izindwangu for labantu kanye naleminye imikhakha (izicathulo, izingubo, okulungisa ukudla, imishini, nokunye. D.).

I ehamba phambili ye-indastri kukhona umkhakha ukotini. It is egxile amazwe ngezinto zemvelo eluhlaza (supply Central Asia, e-Azerbaijan, Egypt, Syria).

Imboni nelineni futhi ebalulekile basembonini yendwangu. Ngo oyiyo ebaluleke kakhudlwana kukhiqizwe izindwangu lobuchwepheshe, ngaphandle imikhiqizo kwenjongo yasendlini.

indawo Okokuqala basembonini yendwangu okunjengalokho ukukhiqizwa okwedlulele kungokwalabo nkampani ukuze kusebenziswe uvolo. Lokhu kungenxa izindleko eliphezulu izinto zokusetshenziswa. Izindleko ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi ngenhla kuphela umkhakha ukotini. Lezi amabhizinisi akhiqiza kokubili lokuluhlaza, izindwangu kanye nemikhiqizo isiqedile.

Usilika umkhakha kuyinto ¾ egcwele izitshalo. Bona ngokukhethekile ukudiyazela, ihlanganisa, ukuphotha, saqeda imisebenzi. Izindwangu lokuluhlaza singenziwa ka, Imicu yotshani yokufakelwa yemvelo, kanye Izingxube izinhlobo ezahlukene lokuluhlaza.

nezingubo umkhakha

считается одним из самых материалоемких производств. Ukuthunga ukukhanya umkhakha kubhekwa omunye izimboni eziningi ezibonakalayo khudlwana. izindleko impahla eluhlaza lapha elakhiwa ku-80%. Lapha kukhona kucutshungulwe izindwangu, izindwangu, izindwangu wathungela, lesikhumba yokufakelwa noboya.

Lokhu umkhakha ukhiqiza cishe 4/5 processing zonke izinto ukuze asetshenziswe ezindlini. Lomkhakha heterogeneous. isakhiwo sayo iqukethe ukukhiqizwa elula, uhla okuyinto ayishintshi isikhathi eside. Bona ngokukhethekile womshini izingubo ezivikelayo. Okuningi ukukhiqizwa eyinkimbinkimbi bagxila emadolobheni amakhulu. uhla yabo kushintsha njalo ngaphansi kwethonya yemfashini.

Eminyakeni yamuva, i-yasekhaya ingubo umkhakha wamabhizinisi ukubambisana nezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe. Izinga eliphezulu ukuqeqeshwa eziphansi zomsebenzi kukusiza ukuheha abakhiqizi angaphandle. ukukhiqizwa Domestic ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi imikhiqizo yabo. Ukulanda isipiliyoni abakhiqizi emhlabeni, ingubo izimboni zaqala ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yokuncintisana ukuthi kungenziwa zilethwe eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke.

Enterprises ingubo umkhakha zabiwa ngokulinganayo ensimini ka-Russia. Basuke kuchazwa cishe kuzo zonke izifunda. imikhiqizo enjalo ngokuvamile ukunikeza isidingo sakuleli zokugqoka kanye neminye imikhiqizo.

Isikhumba, nezicathulo umkhakha

была бы неполной без кожевенно-обувных и меховых изделий. Ukukhiqizwa yokukhanya umkhakha luyobe lungaphelele ngaphandle lesikhumba nesicathulo noboya imikhiqizo. Uveza ekucubunguleni zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa lesikhumba, uboya semvu, ifilimu izinto. izicathulo Produced, isikhumba izimpahla, izingubo nokunye. D.

Ngokusho inani imikhiqizo, izwe lethu osesikhundleni 8 emhlabeni. Lesi sibalo unqabile kancane kule minyaka yamuva. ukukhiqizwa Fur ayinakho analogue emhlabeni. It is egxile ukuthekelisa.

A indima okuholela embonini wahlanganyela emsebenzini wokukhiqiza nezicathulo futhi lesikhumba ngombala. Futhi izinto yokufakelwa asetshenziswa emkhakheni wokuphathwa. Kulesi isiqondiso, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma ehola North-West kanye nesifunda kwezomnotho Central. Lapha basuke bagxila amabhizinisi ngobukhulu sub-indastri. eliningi yabo enkulu ngaso sonke isikhathi eMoscow Petersburg.

Izicathulo umkhakha libhekene impahla okusezingeni eliphezulu nama-labour olunzulu. Ngenxa yalesi sub-indastri kubalulekile ukuze uqinise siqu base yabo impahla eluhlaza. Izindleko amazwe imikhiqizo ephuma kabili isiqediwe futhi izinto njalo ziyanda. Lokhu kubandakanya ukukhiqizwa ezibizayo, non-ukuncintisana eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke.

Isikhumba izimpahla ethulwa ngesimo izikhwama, amagilavu, iziqukathi, kanye amabhola kanye neminye imikhiqizo.

umkhakha Izinselele

имеет несколько сдерживающих факторов. Umnotho ukukhanya umkhakha has izingqinamba eziningi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Dynamics ukukhula ukukhiqiza omuhle, imikhiqizo wamabhizinisi basekhaya inzuzo ingqikithi% 20 kuphela. Isizathu ukuthi inombolo yezinto.

Amaholo ochwepheshe abafanelekayo uphansi ngokwanele. Lokhu kufaka ukungasathandi entsheni embonini umsebenzi. Lokhu kunciphisa izinga umkhiqizo wokugcina, okufanelekile nakulokho zokungakwazi ngisho emakethe yasekhaya.

Ngo nokwakheka kwezimali ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi, imali engaphezu kuka-50% kuthatha imishini akusebenzi. It esebenza engaphezu 10 edlule, okuyinto ayikuvumeli ukwandisa inzuzo ukukhiqizwa, sikhiqiza imikhiqizo yesimanje. Emazweni athuthukile, lesi yisikhathi kwempahla fixed ingeqi ingqopha-mlando 15%.

Nekungabi nekusisa ayikuvumeli amabhizinisi ukunweba umkhakha bekwi-kusungulwa izidingo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile kuba amafemu amancani ezikhiqiza izimpahla ngoba inombolo encane abathengi.

присутствует монополизация. Cishe zonke izimboni ezibalulekile ukukhanya monopolization samanje. Ukubhekana nazo amabhizinisi amasha nzima ngokwedlulele. Ngaphandle uhulumeni nentuthuko efanele ukusekelwa umkhakha ukukhanya ezweni lethu kuyinkinga kakhulu. Kudingeka ukwaba nemixhaso, izibonelelo amabhizinisi amasha, ukuvimbela ukuvela monopolies zonke sub-imikhakha. Ukwanda utshalomali kuyoba nesandla sokuvuselela imishini futhi umkhiqizo yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe. Lokhu kuzosiza amabhizinisi yasekhaya ukungena ezimakethe zomhlaba, ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ukuncintisana.

, а также их особенности, можно сделать выводы о развитии этой сферы народного производства. Ngemva kokuhlola izimboni ukukhanya main, kanye nezici zawo, singaqondile, singafinyelela eziphethweni mayelana nokuthuthukiswa lo mkhakha ukukhiqizwa kazwelonke. izinkinga okukhona mani okufanele kubhekwane nakho ngokuthola umthetho futhi esebenzisa edonsa capital investment zimali ezifuywayo angaphandle.