Amakoloni British

Amakoloni British - ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni ezindlovu athunjiwe, ezithathwe ngaphansi protectorate noma ezinye izindlela aluthola phakathi nekhulu le-16 nele-18, omunye imibuso enamandla kakhulu esikhathini esidlule - LaseBrithani.

Inhloso kwakuwukuba ukuthuthukiswa yayo indawo. Phakathi nale nkathi, kwakukhona mncintiswano enamandla imithombo kwezinsiza kanye nezimakethe ezingaba kubakhiqizi kweBrithani nezimbangi zayo yezwekazi - iSpain, iFrance ne-Holland. Phakathi nokubusa uQueen Elizabeth I ukudayisa izinkampani Kwamiswa e-Turkey, Russia, zase-East Indies, wahlola ugu lweNyakatho Melika.

Kunenkolelo-mlando, ukunwebeka indawo yezwe owaqala ngokuvukela isikhashana lapho u-Elizabeth I anikezwe ilungelo ozithandayo wakhe, uSir Walter Raleigh ukusungula amakoloni English eNyakatho neMelika.

Ekuqaleni inqubomgomo yombuso yayisekelwe kuphela imibono mercantilist. Ngezinye Stewart, uJames I futhi uCharles I, futhi u-Oliver Cromwell sika umbuso ukwakhiwa okusekelwe ukuhweba izikimu, kuba sobala ngokwengeziwe. ibhalansi Evumayo yohwebo (yokungenisa-ukuthekelisa) kwakucatshangwa ukunikeza ingcebo ezidingekayo ukunwetshwa kanye nokugcinwa umbuso.

Ngo 1707, ngemva ubunye England nase-Scotland endaweni eyodwa lelitimele, amakoloni eziningi Great Britain (kuhlanganise wangaphambili Scottish) yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo uMbuso abadumile.

nemizana British Okokuqala phesheya zazithathwa eyasungulwa e-Ireland. Ukuthwebula ehlelekile yezwe kwenziwa ngaphansi U-Oliver Cromwell. Ngemva kwezimpi yimpumelelo ne-Dutch, amaFulentshi kanye Spanish ekhulwini lesikhombisa, Britain wakwazi ukulawula kakhulu ogwini olusempumalanga eNyakatho neMelika, Pool St Lawrence River e-Canada, Bermuda, ensimini ka eWest Indies kanye Afrika ukuthenga izigqila ukuze uthole ukusizakala eNdiya.

Ezinye izazi-mlando baye bame kwelokuthi zonke Wales kufanele kubhekwe khona manje kuleli koloni lokuqala ngesiNgisi kusukela ethemini akusho yayo ephesheya kwezilwandle.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili amakoloni British eMelika babe elahlekile. Nakuba kokutholakala Australia nongazange njengohlobo oluthile isinxephezelo, kusukela lé emazweni wakhonza ikakhulukazi njengoba indawo edingisiwe ngoba la madoda ngecala, kodwa lokhu ukulahlekelwa kuthonywa okuthiwa "jika eMpumalanga" - yokufuna elisekela amasu kanye yemizila yohwebo phakathi kweNdiya Ekude. Ekupheleni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili ukulawula British yeNdiya enwetshiwe ku Afghanistan eBurma.

Ngenxa yalokho we kaNapoleon Izimpi - zinyanga izimpi emhlabeni wonke phakathi kwemibuso - Britain kwaba ngisho nesimo esinzima kakhulu, kodwa ngaphandle kokungabaza kokuba enendawo eqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Dutch Cape Colony (Ningizimu Afrika) u aluthola. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukukhathazeka main yenqubomgomo uVictoria sika angaphandle ezinwetshiwe Empire Russian, okuyinto wasongela izinzuzo zalo e-India, cishe zonke izimbangi bendabuko kuleso sikhathi baye balahlekelwa value abo futhi ancipha kakhulu ngobukhulu, ukuze isikhundla imperial yaseBrithani kwaba obungenakuphikwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwaba phambili ezweni ezimbonini eYurophu, ezindaweni abaningi enkulu yomhlaba yayisempini bagxila ngaphansi kwekubuswa amandla ayo inzuzo, zezimali kanye asolwandle.

Nokho, isikhundla ayikwazanga ngokuthi esitebeleni. Empire kusekelwe emibonweni mercantilism, eye wenziwa buthakathaka ngasekupheleni nesishiyagalombili - emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka nesishiyagalolunye ezicini eziningana. Ngo 1807 eNgilandi waqeda ukugqilazwa ukunyakaza eholwa abavangeli, wafuna izinto ngenkani izinguquko ezinkulu nezinye izindawo zombuso. Kusukela 1833 isimo somnotho ngokuba (ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa ithonya imibono u-Adam Smith), amanye amakoloni waseBrithani waqala ukuthutha ngase ukuzibusa kanye ukuhweba khulula, okuyinto ukunciphisa umthelela elidala oligarchic futhi monopolistic ukuhweba corporations. Kodwa nokho ngesikhathi uVictoria sikhathi baqhubeka yokufuna amasimu futhi eminye ethize ukuhweba kugqugquzelwa yezakhi amasu nezisusa philanthropic kuthethelelwe. Selilonke Inqubomgomo nolaka Great Britain safinyelela lapho koroleva Viktoriya, ukuvusa UNdunankulu Benjamin Disraeli, elalizimise ngo-1876 yi-Empress yeNdiya.

Nokho, ngaphansi koMbuso, baqhubeka ukuthuthukisa ashisekela ubuzwe, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bamemezela nokwahlukana yayo. Inqubo yashesha ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I, nakuba esikhathini post-yimpi, uMbuso ngesikhathi esithile anda ubukhulu lapho protectorate British babe wangaphambili endaweni German kanye Turkish.

A ikoloni Great Britain, Canada nase-Australia umzuzile isimo nokubusa ngo-1907. Ngo-1931 lenzeka Commonwealth of Nations, ezazihlanganisa izwe laseBrithani nelase-dominions ozibuse Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, i-Irish Free State, okuyinto waqaphela khona nesikhundla sokuba umongameli le nkosi yakwa-United Kingdom. Dominions besekele eBrithani phakathi Second neMpi Yezwe. manje Izazi-mlando eziningi uyazibuza mayelana ukuthi kungenzeka ukunqoba le mpi esabekayo ngaphandle ukusekela wamakoloni amabutho umbimbi. Babehlanganyela njalo nkundla yempi. Kodwa nokulahlekelwa British eliseMpumalanga Ekude kwacaca ukuthi UK akasenawo ukuthi kungani umbuso waseRoma wawunamandla, uyakwazi balondoloze ukuhleleka emhlabeni we-classic. Esikhundleni English kancane kancane kwangikhanyela amaMelika.