I KH-90 "Koala": ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe

missile Hypersonic KH-90 - entsha Russian super-isikhali ekuphenduleni uhlelo ukuzivikela missile Washington. Ukubukeka kanye Ukucaciswa ezicitshwayo ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala kuyinto imfihlo wezempi. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, imicibisholo abanjalo babehamba ukuyiswa emsebenzini ngonyaka ka-2010.

UMongameli isiRashiya bathi missile hypersonic KH-90 "Koala" uyakwazi lokunqoba noma imiphi yale eyaziwa futhi missile hit ngokunembile eqondiwe njengoba izwekazi bakhe nezinye amazwekazi.

Indaba le rocket

Global missile iphrojekthi yadalwa eSoviet Union emuva sixties. Umqondo sasihlanganisa ukususwa sezikhali ngalé komkhathi ku Earth orbit ukuthi kade yaphenduka satellite ezenziwe umuntu, futhi ngemva injini unyathela amabhuleki wathunyelwa enikeziwe ngenjongo ekubhujisweni.

Ngo-1971, kokuba iphrojekthi ukulungele amancane amasu cruise kweminsalo, nabaqambi Soviet baye baphendukela uhulumeni ukuthi aqale ukusebenzisa le phrojekthi. Ngalowo nyaka, asilandelwanga impendulo. Kodwa kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthuthukiswa amasu cruise imicibisholo 1975 yi-United States kusukela ngo-1971 Abaklami ukhohlwe ayeyalwe ukuba uqale iphrojekthi ngo-1976 futhi awuqede ngo-1982. Ekupheleni kuka-1983 sele ahlelile bonyana bathathe 'esanda kwenziwa "rocket enze inkonzo ethile. Okudingekayo ukuze rocket babe aphakeme. Futhi omunye ebaluleke kakhulu ukufeza ijubane layo uma igijima leSupersonic. Eighties isivinini kwaba kakade ezine Makhov.

I MAKS-1997 e-NGO inkundla "Rainbow" (le nhlangano kwaba ukuhlakulela ezicitshwayo) Izivakashi kakade ungabona izindiza hypersonic GLA, elaba-prototype ikusasa cruise missile entsha.

Kulabo abafuna ukuqonda ukuthi kubukeka kanjani missile KH-90, isithombe ngenhla.

rocket Isici

SFA kufanele baphathe warhead ezimbili uyakwazi at ibanga elilodwa engamakhulu amakhilomitha of ishaya okuqondisiwe bebodwa. Ekuqaleni, ubude rocket ilingana amamitha nambili. Nokho, kamuva, kwakunokwenzeka ukunciphisa a ubude amamitha ayisishiyagalombili kwayisishiyagalolunye. Ngemva ngokwahlukana kusukela othwala izindiza kuleli rocket kudalulwe amaphiko esingunxantathu inesipani amamitha hhayi ezingaphezu kweziyisikhombisa, kanye nomsila. Ngemva kwalokho esiqinile-uhlobo namafutha, okuvumela missile lifinyelela isivinini leSupersonic. Khona-ke iqala ukwenza booster, wazakhela ijubane emine kuya kwemihlanu Makhov. I engaba isinyathelo of missile enjalo kuziwa amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane namakhulu amathathu namashumi amahlanu.

kwethulwa imoto

Tu-160 kuyinto leSupersonic, missile amasu kokuba iphiko nge shanela onhlobonhlobo. Lwakhiwe Eighties ku Tupolev nezindleko enkonzweni kusukela 1987.

Ekuqaleni, izingalo babekhuphukela ukubeka izimoto eziyikhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuphikelela baseMelika waphikelela ngokuthi ekuhlaseleni zifakwe inkontileka Vietnam, kwadingeka ngiyeke at izimoto engamashumi amathathu nantathu.

Ngemva USSR zigoqiwe webhomu yahlukaniswa phakathi Republics.

Ngu 2013, kwakukhona abayishumi nesithupha e-Armed Forces of Russia izindiza ezinjalo. Basuke bonke esekelwe iVolga e Engels.

"White Swan"

Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke futhi olusindayo leSupersonic ukulwa izindiza emhlabeni, okuyinto ine ngobukhulu Take-off mass phakathi ekuhlaseleni. Abashayeli bodwa ngothando embiza ngokuthi "White Swan" ngenxa ukuma ngomusa futhi mncane.

Kodwa unamanye amagama, "inkemba nge izindwani nambili", "umkhawulo" "izikhali zesizwe", "Russian ezindizayo isimangaliso." A NATO wambiza ngasizathu simbe, Blackjack.

TU-160M iyathuthukiswa Tu-160, okuyinto ukufakwa entsha zikagesi futhi izikhali X-90 rocket. Angase baphathe izikhali ejwayelekile, isibonelo, 90 OFAB-500U, kodwa ukhonza njengelungu rocket yenethiwekhi X 90 hypervelocity ikhuluma.

Umshini ngamunye unegama ayo, isibonelo: "Ilya Muromets", "u-Alexander Molodshy", "Mikhail Gromov," nabanye.

Propellants kanye motor ukufeza hypersonic

Hypersound - ngesivinini futhi ingaphezulu 5 Isivinini yokukhanya noma ezinhlanu Mach. Ngoba isikhathi esifushane kakhulu ukuthi isivinini ongafinyelela ezicitshwayo abaningi nge izinjini ezivamile ngabo. Kodwa fly ngesivinini ngoba kuyisikhathi eside kungenzeka kuphela uma missile unikezwa scramjet. Ibizwa nangokuthi skramdzhet.

Isici esiyinhloko kanye ngokunenzuzo le injini ukuthi akadingi abaziphethe i oxidant. Kulesi injini isetshenziswa umoya-mpilo emkhathini. Okokhelekayo ngoba ngokuyisisekelo GPRVD kuyinto hydrogen noma kaphalafini.

Ukuba nesimo injini enjalo lwaluqala zamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Futhi uhlaka lokuqala ndiza nge izinjini ezifana avele sixties. Abaklami ukuthuthukisa isikhala uhlelo - esebenza "Kuvunguza", eyayihlanganisa indiza hypersonic ngesivinini futhi esemkhathini izindiza zempi, ukuba booster rocket. Hypersonic indiza nizihlakaza obekumele ukuba ukhule ufike Mach eziyisithupha kwamandla e-hydrogen kanye kuze kufinyelele ezine nengxenye ku kaphalafini. Kodwa ekugcineni kwanqunywa ukuhlomisa apharathasi ka turbojet izinjini.

pryamotochniki Hypersonic eyaqala ukuvela ngeminyaka yoma, usebenzisa amadivayisi wabo ukuba imicibisholo anti-aircraft.

NASP futhi TU-2000

Ngo-1986, ekuphenduleni uhlelo US Appolo, ngokuvumelana NASP iphrojekthi e-USSR, kwanqunywa ukuba ukusungula okulingana ezifuywayo NASP, esebenza owodwa esigabeni video umhlangano. Project webhomu TU-2000 sivunyiwe ne kushiwo kokuqala nesisindo amathani amathathu namashumi ayisithupha, ngesivinini Mach eziyisithupha, ububanzi amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi endaweni engamamitha amakhilomitha amathathu.

Wawenziwa, kodwa ngenxa ngokuwa kweSoviet Union, baqala ukugqoka nevilaphayo. Abahlanganyeli yephrojekthi waphuma ngezinga ngamazwe futhi waqala ukuba ubambisane Abaklami French. Nokho, ukusebenza ndawonye, njengoba kuboniswa ucwaningo okuyimpumelelo ke akuphumelelanga.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le phrojekthi NASP futhi akazange ihluke impumelelo okuningi futhi uvaliwe nineties.

Nokho, empeleni, akekho Russia noma e-United States ngeke give up ngokuphelele hypersonic.

"Ezokuphepha-2004"

Ngo-2004, izimfundiso "Ezokuphepha-2004" yayiqhutshwa. Sasiba ngu ekuhlaseleni TU-160 ne izikhali ngokuthi missile KH-90 "Koala".

Ngawo lowo nyaka, uMongameli Russia VV Putin wathi Russian Armed Forces uzothola esikhathini esiseduze esizayo ezinjalo ukulwa izinhlelo ukuthi azokwazi ephezulu ukucacisa ngesivinini hypersonic futhi ikhuluma kakhulu uma ushayela bebheke ilitshe sokuqhuba amabanga okungaphezu kokukodwa zwekazi.

Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi uMongameli enkulumweni yakhe wayekhuluma missile.

Lo rocket ibizwa ngokuthi ama-X-90

Russia uye wanquma ukubonisa ithuba zabo ezintsha American. Kwaba njalo ephendula Uhlelo Washington sika missile KH-90 (okusho ukuthi "Koala").

It ligijima ekuhlaseleni amasu Tu-160M - ukuziqhenya nakwezempi namandla eRussia namuhla indlela.

Ngemva ukuhlukana imoto kwethulwa KH-90 endaweni engamamitha yizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa ukuba ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili kwamamitha esingunxantathu kuvula amaphiko nesisila sayo. Ukusheshisa yesivinini leSupersonic senzeka nge kufakwe kulesi sikhathi okuqinile rocket esiphakamayo. Bese kufika isikhathi injini main, lapho X-cruise missile 90 ifinyelela ijubane Mach ezinhlanu. Ibanga ezicitshwayo - emithathu nengxenye ayizinkulungwane amakhilomitha.

Ukuhlolwa ezicitshwayo KH-90

Ubuholi wezwe lakithi ukholelwa ukuthi awukho umbuso ungumnikazi ezicitshwayo hypersonic ngaphandle Russia. E-US, wake washiywa ukuthuthukiswa yabo, nokukhawulela ezicitshwayo Subsonic. Kodwa eRussia msebenzi waqhubeka, nakuba kuye kwaba ezihlukahlukene iziphazamiso yesikhashana. Ngo-2001, kusho umbiko "Topol" missile kwethulwa. Ochwepheshe kuqashelwe ukuthi warhead salo sehluke kakhulu ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile. Phakathi izivivinyo esiyisikhumbuzo ngo-2004-ke wethulwa ezicitshwayo ezimbili ballistic "Topol-M" kanye RS-18. Khona-ke sithi uhlelo missile wadedelwa apharathasi zokuhlola owavela emva kokwethulwa emkhathini, wabuyela emkhathini. Kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka, ngoba ngesikhathi reentry isivinini rocket waba amamitha abe yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ngomzuzwana, noma ama mayelana ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili amakhilomitha ngehora, futhi warhead kwakufanele ukuvikelwa ngokukhethekile ngokumelene okweqile kanye overloads. Le yunithi kwadingeka ijubane, ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase ushintshe kalula isiqondiso kwendiza akazange ugoqe. Izazi ziyavuma ukuthi kwaba-X-90 - a amasu cruise nangomcibisholo, ukubukeka okuyinto usalokhu uyimfihlakalo.

Ohlukile idivayisi sasihlanganisa yokuthi ku-PC-18, kube nephutha kudivayisi olushintsha iphimbo kanye isiqondiso indiza. Ngakho, noma iyiphi ukuzivikela nangomcibisholo, kuhlanganise US, bona zinganqotshwa.

Strategic Missile Amandla

Russian Strategic Rocket Amandla zihlanganisa wamabutho missile ezintathu nesithupha missile ukwahlukana. Njengengxenye izikhali yabo ezicitshwayo ayisikhombisa namashumi amathathu nanhlanu ballistic babe 3159 sezikhali zenuzi, kuhlanganise "Voivod" silo ezisekelwe "kwenziwe" 360 sezikhali, ephathekayo "Topol", "Topol-M" nabanye.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ngisho noma ingxenye encane uzobe ifakwe cruise kweminsalo, amabutho missile Kuyoze esingenakuqhathaniswa futhi ongenakuwufinyelela iyiphi ukuzivikela missile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kongoti isiRashiya, kukhona nezinye izinhlelo, ezifana "abandayo" futhi "Lokhozi", ngaphezu ukwakha warhead hypersonic.

Ukuhlaselwa ongenangqondo futhi iyingozi

Ngenxa izici zayo, i-KH-90 "Koala" nezinye ngentuthuko zanamuhla wezempi sewenze American missile ukuzivikela engenamsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, i-United States saqala ibekwe eduzane Russian radar izinhlelo ukuze bangabonwa futhi ukubhujiswa la kweminsalo ngokushesha nje lapho kwaba kuthoma kancani kokuhlanganiswa futhi akazange abe nesikhathi ukuhlukanisa warhead.

Kodwa kule ndaba, Russia has eziningi zokumelana, eyaziwa futhi imfihlo. Uma missile KH-90 "Koala" iyohlukanisa le warhead, kuba invulnerable ngokuphelele.

Kwezikhali kungenzeka?

ESoviet Union, okuthi uma zigcwele jika izingalo uhlanga phakathi amabili ayizikhondlakhondla zezikhali, kuye kwazanywa ukuba enye indlela. izivumelwano Ungene izibophezele, kodwa emncintiswaneni izingalo undendende, futhi ngesikhathi kuba nokungezwani phakathi eU.SSR United States eba yiqhwa umhlaba wonke nangokuthandaza ngenxa yokugobhoza yabo.

Eighties, ukuze amandla eSoviet Union wafika MS Gorbachev, empeleni wayeka Cishe lena lutho izingalo uhlanga. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi intengo yale ekunqanyulweni kwaba wokugoqa yezwe, enhloko yalo yena wema. Ngokwe-izinkontileka esisayinwe kubo eSoviet Union kwavala lenqwaba izikhali. I-United States futhi izibopho ukuqeda izikhali zabo, kodwa ngenxa izivumelwano zase-USSR Wacishe isimo salo ukubangisana kwemibuso emikhulu, futhi ngokushesha waphela, ne-United States waba kuphela ukubangisana kwemibuso emikhulu yomhlaba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amakhono yawo yezempi.

izikhali Soviet ukuthuthukiswa, kuhlanganise cruise kweminsalo, eligoqiwe ngu ezintsha kwabhujiswa, futhi lo mbukiso lancipha noma wayeka ngokuphelele.

Noma kunjalo, zonke iziyaluyalu, okuyinto kwalungisa US nabasizi balo emhlabeni, uye kakade kuqedile neSoviet Union, okuholela inkolelo yokuthi uma kwezikhali mutual kumele kwenzeke esikhathini esizayo, kufanele kube mutual ngempela futhi ezanele.

Kodwa kuze kube yilapho umphakathi ifikile kule komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane yayo, futhi isimo ine usongo zangaphandle, kumele kube ukulungele dudula yimuphi kuhlasela njalo.