Ancient Egypt: Amatshwayo netinchazelo tawo

Omunye izifunda ukhiye isiko zashiya izibazi phezu yonke impucuko - Ancient Egypt. Izimpawu zalesi isiko sifundwa kuze kube manje, badlala ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuqondeni le impucuko enkulu. Laliqhele cishe ngaphakathi kwemingcele isimo yesimanje kwegama elifanayo e-mpumalanga ye-Afrika.

Umlando kwezimpawu waseGibhithe

Mythology - main ingxenye kwamasiko, okuyinto idume Ancient Egypt. Izimpawu wawonkulunkulu, izilwane kanye nezimo zemvelo kukhona okunabileko abacwaningi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwasuka indlela sokudalwa izinganekwane kunzima kakhulu.

imithombo Ibhalwe, okuyinto zazibethemba, eyavela kamuva. Yini isobala - okunomthelela enkulu amabutho aseGibhithe bemvelo. Okufanayo ebonwe ukuthuthukiswa yanoma yiziphi isimo lasendulo. Abantu abaphila ngaphambi kukaKristu, Wazama nokuchazela ngokwami ukuthi kungani nsuku ilanga liphuma, saseNayile udla izindwani minyaka yonke, futhi ukuduma nokubaneka kwemibani ngezikhathi ukuwa emakhanda abo. Ngenxa zemvelo saphezulu endowed. Ngakho kukhona uphawu lokuphila, isiko, amandla.

Futhi abantu abaqaphela ukuthi onkulunkulu babeseduze hhayi evumayo kubo njalo. UNeal ungase igeleze sincane kakhulu, okubangela abampofu ngonyaka sokuvuna nendlala okwalandela. Kulokhu, abaseGibithe lasendulo babekholelwa ukuthi into kwabathukuthelisa onkulunkulu futhi benza konke okusemandleni ukuze ajabulise zona, ukuthi lesi simo is okuphindiwe kunyaka ozayo. Konke lokhu kwafeza indima enkulu ezweni ezifana Ancient Egypt. Izimpawu Izimpawu ziye zasiza ukuqonda ngokoqobo ezizungezile.

amandla izimpawu

Ababusi Ancient Egypt oFaro bazibize. UFaro kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso nkosi nkulunkulu-like, ukuthi kukhulekwa phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe wangcwatshwa emathuneni omkhulu kakhulu, eziningi zazo zisekhona nanamuhla.

Izimpawu kwamandla eGibhithe lasendulo - is a gold tie intshebe yakhe, abasebenzi bakhe, umqhele. Ezinsukwini zokuqala isimo waseGibhithe, lapho amazwe Upper futhi Lower Nile angakafakwa united, umbusi ngalunye lwalunamandla umqhele ayo kanye izimpawu ezikhethekile kwamandla. Kulokhu, umbusi ophakeme umqhele elibangise eNhla neGibhithe kwaba elimhlophe futhi kwadingeka ukuma bowling izikhonkwane. Ngo Lower Egypt uFaro egqoka obomvu isilinda umqhele-like. United umbuso waseGibhithe zikaFaro wazenza Abesilisa. Ngemva kwalokho, Crown, eqinisweni, wajoyina ngokufaka omunye kwezinye, kuyilapho esaziwa imibala yawo.

Umqhele Dual ngokuthi pschent - iwuphawu lwamandla eGibhithe lasendulo, okuyinto eziye zalondolozwa iminyaka eminingi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umqhele umbusi Upper futhi Lower Egypt ngamunye kwadingeka igama lalo. White wabizwa ngokuthi Atef, obomvu - hedjet.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ababusi baseGibhithe ezungezwe ngokwabo nge okunethezeka engakaze ibonwe. Phela, babebhekwa amadodana ophakeme nonkulunkulu welanga uRa. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu ze-oFaro waseGibhithe lasendulo nje siyakhazimula. Ngaphezu kwalezi liphinde ayindilinga, okuyinto ubonisa ureus inyoka. Yena wayedume bite yayo kwaholela ekufeni osheshayo. Isithombe inyoka wawusegunjini emhlabeni kwenhloko kaFaro, ikhanda ncamashi maphakathi.

Ngokuvamile, izinyoka - izimpawu ethandwa kakhulu kwamandla kaFaro eGibhithe lasendulo. Aveza hhayi kuphela yibhande lasebunzini phakathi, kodwa futhi phezu umqhele, isigqoko lempi ngisho nebhande lakhe. Endleleni, ayehambisana ngezivunulo zegolide, amatshe ayigugu kanye koqweqwe lwawo ezinemibala.

izimpawu wonkulunkulu

Onkulunkulu sebeye wadlala indima ebalulekile esimweni ezifana Ancient Egypt. Izimpawu ezihlobene nazo ziye zahlobana bezibona esizayo futhi engokoqobo. Futhi uhlu nezidalwa zaphezulu yayinkulu. Ngaphezu onkulunkulu lakhe ibingamashumi nonkulunkulukazi, izilo ngisho imiqondo ababhekwa.

Omunye onkulunkulu ezinkulu waseGibhithe - Amun. Ngo umbuso ngokuhlanganyela waseGibhithe wayeyinhloko obuphakeme onkulunkulu. Kukholakala ukuthi ihlanganisa bonke abantu, lonke bonkulunkulu konke. uphawu Wayengowesizukulwane umqhele ngezimpaphe ezimbili ubude noma uvezwa inhlamvu yelanga, ngoba ayebhekwa unkulunkulu welanga nayo yonke imvelo. Ngo grabnitsah baseGibhithe lasendulo atholakele imidwebo ka-Amoni, okuyinto esevele ezishaya unkulunkulukazi u-inqama noma indoda ikhanda zenqama.

Abafileyo kule izinganekwane ephethwe Anubis. Naye wanikelwa ithathwa njengendlela unogada amangcwaba - amangcwaba komhlaba crypts, futhi umsunguli we ukugqumisa - indlela eyingqayizivele evimbela abolile izidumbu ziye zasetshenziswa ngendlela okungcwatshwa ngayo le oFaro.

Izimpawu laseGibhithe onkulunkulu sidilizwa babevame zazivame ngempela edangalisayo. Anubis is ngokwesiko uvezwa inhloko inja noma impungushe nge collar obomvu ngesimo umgexo. Izimfanelo zakhe babe Ankh ingashintshiwe - cross isipikili indandatho elifanekisela ukuphila okuphakade, uas - intonga, eyayinekheli amandla okuphulukisa eHayidese idemoni.

Kodwa kuye kwaba onkulunkulu bamanga nomusa kakhudlwana ezinhle. Ngokwesibonelo, Bast Bast noma. Lokhu unkulunkulukazi kumnandi, ubuhle besifazane futhi uthando, okuyinto uchazwa ngokuthi ikati noma nanjengengonyamakazi endaweni awulutho kuNkulunkulu. Wayenolwazi futhi unesibopho eminyakeni evundile futhi ithele nendlela esingakusiza ngayo ukusungula ukuphila komkhaya. Izimpawu Ancient Egypt onkulunkulu elihlobene ne Bast - ithempeli umsindo, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i SISTROM futhi Aegis - isembatho magic.

izimpawu zokuphulukisa

With ukunakekela okukhulu eGibithe lasendulo kwakungekaNkulunkulu sehlelo zokuphulukisa. Ukuze isiphetho kanye ukuphila ihlangabezana unkulunkulukazi u-Isis yena ubhekwa umxhasi nabathakathi abaphulukisi. Weza izipho ukuvikela izinsana.

Symbol wezokwelapha lasendulo Egypt - inkomo nezimpondo eqhutshwa kudiski kwelanga. It Uvezwa unkulunkulukazi u-Isis ngokuvamile (ngezinye izikhathi ngendlela owesifazane ezinamaphiko nge ikhanda inkomo sika).

Futhi izimfanelo zayo njalo kubhekwe SISTROM futhi Ankh esiphambanweni.

uphawu lokuphila

Ankh noma Coptic cross - lepilo eGibhithe lasendulo. Ibizwa nangokuthi hieroglyphs waseGibhithe, ngabo-ke ingenye izimfanelo ezibaluleke kakhulu nokhiye.

Ibizwa nangokuthi isihluthulelo sokuphila noma wesi- waseGibhithe. Ankh - Imfanelo onkulunkulu abaningi baseGibhithe, lapho kuboniswe ezindongeni imibhoshongo futhi nge-papyrus. Kuphoqelekile ukubeka ethuneni lakhe kanye oFaro, okwakusho ukuthi umbusi bakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuphila komphefumulo wakhe kwelizayo.

Nakuba abacwaningi abaningi zithi lokhu kufanekisa we Ankh ngempilo, kusekhona esivumelwaneni ngalolu daba. Abanye abacwaningi baye bame kwelokuthi amagugu babehola kuye ukungafi nokuhlakanipha, kanye iqiniso lokuthi wayengumuntu uhlobo izimfanelo zokuzivikela.

Ankh lavuselelwa engakaze ibonwe ezweni efana Ancient Egypt. Izimpawu izbrazhavshie ayegcotshwa izindonga amathempeli, iziphandla, izinto ezihlukahlukene isiko kanye nokuphila. izibalo kaningi esiqhutshwa ezandleni onkulunkulu baseGibhithe.

Namuhla, Ankh kuyinto esetshenziswa kabanzi ebusheni nemikhutshana kuleso, ikakhulukazi ngomumo. Kanye zonke izinhlobo zamahlelo magic futhi parascientific, ngisho izincwadi esoteric.

uphawu kwelanga

uphawu kwelanga eGibhithe lasendulo - Lotus. Ekuqaleni yena waba ezihlobene isithombe lokuzalwa nokudalwa, futhi kamuva waba omunye incarnations we Unkulunkulu ophakeme onkulunkulu baseGibithe ka-Amun-Ra. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Lotus futhi zonke lezi zilo sifanekisela ukubuya wobusha nobuhle.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ehlelweni jikelele sezinsuku ezingu-inkanyezi kwaba abaseGibhithe omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu futhi okuphawulekayo. Futhi bonke onkulunkulu, ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne ilanga, bakhuleka kakhudlwana kunamanye.

I Ra nonkulunkulu welanga, ngokuvumelana Ezinganekwaneni zaseGibithe, wadala zonke ezinye onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi. Ingabe Inganekwane evamile kakhulu mayelana nendlela Ra oseyili ngesikebhe emfuleni yasezulwini, kanyekanye ukhanyisa umhlaba wonke kwelanga. Njengoba nje kuhlwa, it is utshalwe kabusha ibe esinye isikebhe nobusuku bonke behlola izimpahla zabo ngemva kokufa.

Ngakusasa yafike futhi okufika kwembulunga, futhi ngakho iqala ukuqala kosuku olusha. Njengoba abantu baseGibhithe lasendulo kuchasiselwe ushintsho imini nobusuku, emini, ngabo inhlamvu yelanga kwaba samuntu imvuselelo embili zokuphila zabo bonke emhlabeni.

OFaro amadodana ngaleyo ndlela kubhekwe noma ummeleli kaNkulunkulu emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, akekho wangena ikhanda lakhe sokuphikisa ilungelo labo lokubusa, ngakho-ke Kwahlelwa esifundazweni Ancient Egypt. Izimpawu nezibonakaliso ephelezelwa unkulunkulu oyinhloko Ra - a inhlamvu yelanga, i-bhungane scarab, noma phoenix, okuyinto kabusha amalangabi. ukunakwa okuningi futhi inikezwe emehlweni unkulunkulu. AbaseGibhithe babekholelwa ukuthi bangakwazi ukwelapha futhi avikele abantu ezinkingeni futhi ezimbi.

A obukhethekile abaseGibhithe wawubheke nendawo emkhathini - inkanyezi ilanga. Basuke kwesokudla kuxhumene ngqo nomthelela wakhona ukushisa, isivuno esihle, nokuphila okuchumayo kubo bonke abakhileyo ezweni.

Elinye iqiniso lokwazi. Star nelanga nabaseGibhithe lasendulo ngokuthi umhlobo sonke ibhilikotsi. Futhi eGibhithe, lesi sithelo kayikhuli, izimo zezulu asihambisani. It walethwa kusukela e-Asia. Kulokhu, "isivakashi angaphandle" kangaka uyakuthanda kwabaseGibhithe, ukuthi yanquma ngakho ngokusankondlo ukubiza lesi sithelo, kahle, wabonisa ukuthi ukuma nombala wayo efana ilanga.

izimpawu NGCWELE samaGibhithe

Lokho kusho ukuthini imifuziselo waseGibhithe lasendulo futhi ukubaluleka kwabo, ososayensi abaningi namanje phikisana. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene ezingcwele.

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu them - SPLA. Lena esifubeni ekhethekile ezenziwe ngokhuni. Kuyo abapristi esifanekisweni unkulunkulu noma olungcwele esizinikezele kuye. Ngakho-ke uma ngokuthi indawo engcwele yokukhulekela ka unkulunkulu othile. Ngokuvamile Naos afakwe ezingcwele noma emathuneni oFaro.

Njengoba umthetho, SPLA ubenamanxeba amaningi. Omunye ukhuni lalilincane, yafakwa in a elikhudlwana, aqoshiwe kusuka yocezu olulodwa lwetshe. ezivame kakhulu eGibhithe lasendulo, sebevele belande wathola esikhathini kamuva. Ngesikhathi ocebile yabo futhi ezihlukahlukene ahlotshiswa. SPLA futhi ivame wabiza ithempeli noma engcwele unkulunkulu.

Njengezimpawu ezingcwele waseGibhithe lasendulo - ubuxhaka obukhencezayo. Lokhu izinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo, eyayibonakala ayesetshenziswa abapristi phakathi amasakramente kube inkazimulo unkulunkulukazi Hathor. Phakathi kwabaseGibhithe, kwaba unkulunkulukazi wothando nobuhle, omelela ubufazi nenzalo nenjabulo. Izazi zanamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi lokho kwakuyindlela analog zamaRoma Venus, namaGreki - Aphrodite.

Musical instrument ubuxhaka obukhencezayo wayembethe a uhlaka lokhuni noma lwensimbi. metal intambo bese amasondo ngelulwa phakathi kwazo. Konke lokhu wanika off ikhala umsindo ezibhekwa abapristi, bakhangwa onkulunkulu. Imicikilisho esetshenziswa ezimbili izinhlobonhlobo ubuxhaka obukhencezayo. Owodwa wawunesihloko esithi Iba. Wayekhona uhlobo zokucathula indandatho metal isilinda maphakathi. Nge isibambo eside itholakala ngaphezu kwekhanda unkulunkulukazi Hathor.

Okuningi zemikhosi ubuxhaka obukhencezayo kukho ngokuthi seseshet. Wayefanele ngesimo SPLA futhi ngokucebile ehlotshiswe ezihlukahlukene izindandatho imihlobiso. Imoto yayisikhahlameza izingcezu metal, okwakunginika imisindo behlaliswe ngaphakathi ibhokisi elincane. Seseshet azigqoke kuphela abapristi abesifazane ocebile abavelele emphakathini.

uphawu kwamasiko

Symbol isiko eGibhithe lasendulo - siyafuna iphiramidi. It waziwa kakhulu, lesikhumbuzo esekhona yobuciko baseGibhithe lasendulo kanye izakhiwo. Omunye kakhulu lasendulo nabadumile - Pyramid kaFaro Djoser, owayebusa-18 eminyaka BC. Itholakala ngaseningizimu Memphis, futhi amamitha 60 ukuphakama. yizigqila zaso wabeka limestone amabhlogo.

Pyramid wabhalwa Egypt - izimangaliso ezimangalisayo bokwakha yalaba bantu lasendulo. Ngu kwesokudla omunye wabo - the Umbhoshongo Cheops - kubhekwa esinye sezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa zezwe. Futhi yinye nje kwaphela - ecijile Giza - omunye abazobhapathizwa ukuba abe okubizwa ngokuthi "isimangaliso esisha emhlabeni."

Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga lokhu isakhiwo setshe esikhulu, okuyinto wangcwatshwa ababusi baseGibhithe - oFaro. Kusukela igama lesiGreki "Pyramid" lihunyushwa njengoba polyhedron. Kuze kube manje akukho ukuvumelana kososayensi mayelana isikhathi ukuthi kungani abantu baseGibhithe lasendulo wakhetha ifomu ezifana amathempeli. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kuze kube manje, siye sathola 118 imibhoshongo ezingxenyeni ezahlukene Egypt.

Inani elikhulu lezi zakhiwo zitholakala Giza wesifunda, eduze enhlokodolobha isimo Afrika - Cairo. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-futhi isibizo.

Pyramids kwakungamadodana bababonisi mastaba. Ngakho eGibhithe lasendulo lalibizwa ngokuthi "ekhaya ngemva ukuphila", eyayihlanganisa yokungcwaba isikhala kanye nesakhiwo itshe ekhethekile, elalisendaweni ngaphezu komhlabathi. Lawa ekhaya yomngcwabo bona ukwakha oFaro lokuqala waseGibhithe. Ukuze ezisetshenziswa izitini unfired ngebumba, enyakaza ne emfuleni daka. Zazakhiwe ngobuningi e elibangise eNhla neGibhithe phambi ubunye isimo, futhi e Memphis, okuyinto ayebhekwa yamathuna eyinhloko yezwe. Ukusuka phansi lezi zakhiwo behlaliswe amakamelo ngomthandazo nangokunxusa izakhiwo lapho egcinwe izimpahla ethuneni. Underground - engcwaba ngqo ukuthi lo faro.

Imibhoshongo edume kakhulu

Uphawu Ancient Egypt kuyinto mbhoshongo. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kukhona Omkhulu ecijile Giza. Lona ethuneni we oFaro Khufu, Khafre futhi Menkaure. Kusukela mbhoshongo yokuqala kakhulu esekhona of Djoser mbhoshongo, lezi kuhluke ukuthi abanayo isinyathelo, futhi isimo esiqinile weJiyomethri. ngaphakathi kwezindonga zabo bayavuswa ngokuqinile ngaphansi engeli 51-53 degrees isihlobo emkhathizwe. Abonisa esengozini khampasi. Pyramid odumile Cheops nhlobo eyakhelwe phezu kwedwala, adalwe imvelo, futhi ibekwe kahle maphakathi kumila mbhoshongo.

Isilandelwa esikukhompiyutha liyaziwa yokuthi yilona eliphezulu ukuwedlula wonke. Ekuqaleni, kwaba ezingaphezu kuka 146 metres, kodwa manje ngenxa ukulahlekelwa ambozwe wawa cishe 8 amamitha. Ubude ohlangothini ngamunye 230 metres, yayakhiwe phezu 26 eminyaka BC. Kulinganiselwa ezihlukahlukene, wakhiwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-20.

Ukuze isakhiwo sayo wathatha amabhlogo abayizithulu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili zamatshe. Nokho, akukho binders, ezifana usimende, abantu baseGibhithe lasendulo esetshenziswa. block ngalinye laliba kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili amakhilogremu, isisindo umuntu safinyelela amakhilogramu ayinkulungwane 80. Ekugcineni - ke isakhiwo Monolithic, olwabiwa ayikuphela noveranda.

nezinye mbhoshongo ezimbili owaziwa - Chephren futhi Mikerna - kwakhiwa inzalo ka Cheops futhi amancane ngosayizi.

Umbhoshongo Khafre eGibhithe ubhekwa ngobukhulu. Eceleni kwakhe, esifanekisweni odumile we Sphinx. ukuphakama kwalo ekuqaleni zaba cishe 144 metres, kanye ubude emaceleni - 215 metres.

Menkaure owesincane Giza okukhulu. ukuphakama kwalo 66 amamitha nobude base kancane kuka amamitha 100. Ekuqaleni Ubukhulu bayo babe nesizotha kakhulu, ngakho sibeka phambili version ukuthi kwakungasebenzeki okuhlose umbusi waseGibhithe lasendulo. Nokho, empeleni kwakungenakwenzeka ukusungula lokhu.

Njengoba wakha imibhoshongo?

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akekho ubuchwepheshe olulodwa akusho. It ahluka omunye ukwakhiwa kwenye. Ososayensi baye ukubeka imibono eyayisinesikhathi phambili ahlukahlukene, enikelwe indlela yokwakha lezi zakhiwo, kodwa kungekho ukuvumelana kuze kube manje.

Abacwaningi idatha ethile ngasezinkwalini kusukela lapho amatshe badliwa, amabhlogo we zomculo ezazisetshenziswa ukucutshungulwa itshe, kanye nendlela bashukumiseleke esakhiweni.

Somlando omdala waseGibhithe lasendulo eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi ekuqaleni amatshe sancipha ngasezinkwalini ezikhethekile usebenzisa amathuluzi ithusi, ezifana amashizolo, amashizolo futhi pickaxes.

Enye yezimfihlakalo ezinkulu yindlela abaseGibhithe ngesikhathi bathuthela emabhuloki enkulu itshe. Ngesisekelo a Umfanekiso, ososayensi bathole ukuthi i amayunithi eziningi nje udonse. Ngakho, umfanekiso eyaziwa 172 ku isihlibhi wadonsa esifanekisweni faro. Kulokhu sledge abagijimi njalo wanisela, okuyinto wenza umsebenzi we igrisi. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, isisindo kwalesi sithombe imayelana ayizinkulungwane 60 amakhilogramu. Ngakho, isisindo itshe ukuvimba 2 kanye amathani isigamu Ungahambisa abasebenzi 8 kuphela. Movement kwezimpahla ngale ndlela, kuthiwa, kwaba ezivamile eGibhithe lasendulo.

indlela amabhlogo ugingqe Yaziwa. A indlela ekhethekile le njongo ngesimo sombuso wathola lapho bemba amathempeli baseGibhithe lasendulo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlola, kwatholakala ukuthi ngale ndlela ukuhambisa block itshe 2.5 ton wathatha abasebenzi 18. isivinini sabo kulesi simo kwaba 18 amamitha ngomzuzu.

Futhi, abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amaGibhithe ayesebenzisa abantu isikwele isondo ubuchwepheshe.