Atomic 420 mm nosimende 2B1 "Oka": Ukucaciswa

Umlando ezisindayo-duty wezikhali izikhali zempi ugcwele ukuphoxeka curiosities. Esikhathini eMoscow ezibiyele imelelwa Luhambo yethu zomlando - the Tsar Cannon, omuhle wobuciko nokuziqhenya smelters Russian. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi, naphezu ukuphelela kwezobuciko ngokubulawa, kuba kudivayisi omkhulu neze ukuxoshwa. Kunezinye izibonelo izikhali, zamangazwa usayizi omkhulu kodwa kwadingeka ezingabazisayo SIZUZISA. Omunye kungaba ukukhonza njengomdala nosimende-athomu 2B1 "Oka". Ngokungafani Tsar Cannon, lalisetshenziswa inhloso yazo, kodwa kuphela landfill.

Wezikhali kanye megalomania

Huge wezikhali izibhamu baye ngokwesiko kwaba le "ukuthatheka" imperialism German. Ngo-March 1917, Wehrmacht ngamabhomu Paris, usebenzisa ezinkulu-osezingeni imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo izibhamu. Izakhamuzi Lomuzi Waphakade besingalindele ukuhlaselwa okunjalo, front line sasikude. The French, esikhundleni salokho, eyakhelwe izibhamu omkhulu, futhi eminyakeni engu-30 ukufaka nabo bahlale bezama ukuzivikela Maginot Line. AmaJalimane uzishuthe ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II futhi isikhathi eside (bafake) lwavivinywa Trophies. Sebenza ekwakhiweni kwamathuluzi uyakwazi ukukhulula izinhlamvu esindayo ngezinyawo amakhilomitha angu-100 noma ngaphezulu, kwenziwa eBrithani-USSR. Umthelela ukusetshenziswa kwalezi izilo kwaba practice hhayi semqoka kangaka. icala colossal bangcwabe emhlabathini umthelela waqhumuka ngaphansi Uhlonze lwalo ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo omkhulu. Isimo sashintsha ngemva ukubukeka kwezikhali zenuzi.

Kungani sidinga izigqulo zenuzi engu isikhala?

Ososayensi abahlole i wasebenza phezu ibhomu le-athomu, inselele enkulu in the esigabeni sokuqala ucwaningo. Icala ezidingekayo ngesikhathi kuqhunyiswa i, noma kanjani ukufakazela ukuphumelela izikhali ezintsha? Kodwa lapha e-Nevada lokuqala "amakhowe" uvukile phezu kwezwe, wafika kwaphakama umbuzo kanjani ukuba yilo amandla agcwele neketanga imeyli engahlonziwe ngasekhanda abaphikisi sika. Amasampula lokuqala zazinzima esindayo, futhi kwakuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukunciphisa isisindo sabo lamanani amukelekile. "Amafutha" noma "ingane" bangaqhubeka inkampani "Boeing" Idelakufa amasu B-29. Eminyakeni 50 eSoviet Union uye waba Nokho nangomcibisholo ukulethwa enamandla kusho etholakalayo, ethile sina. IDB yibhange ukubhujiswa amatshe enamandla kakhulu kanti isitha esikhulu, i-United States, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa ukungabi okuphelele esikhathini anti-missile amafa. Kodwa ayehlasela umqali angase uzilungiselele eNtshonalanga Yurophu, kuyilapho amasu ezicitshwayo ballistic, kukhona umkhawulo engaba ubuncane. Futhi kwaba khona impi theorists sebephendukela kwabaningi wezikhali ezibonakala yisikhathi.

isinyathelo American futhi impendulo Soviet

ESoviet Union wayengeyena Initiator of wezikhali izingalo uhlanga, laqala ukusetshenziswa baseMelika. Entwasahlobo ka-1953, e Nevada landfill ithafa French lokuqala T-131 isibhamu wadubula waxoshwa, ibanga ukuthi wathumela yenuzi isikhali ubukhulu 280 mm. indiza projectile eyathatha imizuzwana 25. Imisebenzi ngalesi simangaliso ubuchwepheshe wayesevele eminyakeni embalwa, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, impendulo baseSoviet ukuthi abenze noma isinyathelo US kungase kubhekwe njengokuvamile sekwephuzile. Ngo-November 1955, i-USSR Council of Ministers uye wazakhela isixazululo (imfihlo), owawuthi Kirov Plant kanye Kolomna Machine-Isakhiwo SKB wayala ukudala amasampula amabili wezikhali izikhali: izibhamu (okuyinto wathola igama code "capacitor-2P") nodaka 2B1 "Oka". Ukusilela muva okwadingeka zinqotshwe.

I okusetshenzelwa yinkimbinkimbi ekhethekile

Isisindo icala zenuzi sisalokhu siphakeme. Ngaphambi ithimba design eholwa CSC BI Shavyrina kwadingeka umsebenzi onzima: ukudala zashvyrnut uyakwazi isisindo umzimba wenyama nosimende of 750 kg at ibanga kuze kube 45 amakhilomitha. Kukhona futhi ukucacisa imingcele, nakuba ayengazi njengoba elawula Kepha kokudubula projectiles ukuqhumisa. I isibhamu kwaba ukuze ifa nokwethenjelwa ezithile, eqinisekisa inani elithile isibhamu, ngisho nemibandela impi yenuzi (siqala kungagcini), ke azinakukwazi idlule idijithi nanye izinombolo. Mobility - isimo saziso, isibhamu umile isitha emva impi yaqala cishe okuqinisekisiwe ukubhubhisa. ukunakekelwa Chassis baba abasebenzi embonini, abasebenzi Kirov esuka kude impela eLeningrad. Iqiniso lokuthi nosimende 2B1 "Oka" kuyoba omkhulu, kwaba sobala ngokushesha, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuqale nomklamo walo.

chassis

Kirov Plant babe nesipiliyoni ocebile yokwakha esiyingqayizivele abakhasi chassis, kodwa kulinganiselwa ukufakwa ongakhetha, okuyinto ayewumisile sikhathi, waya awanakufundwa zonke kuze kube manje kungenzeka. Noma kunjalo, abaklami umsebenzi, ngokuvamile, baye babhekana. Enamandla kunazo ngesikhathi IP-tank 5 (lokhu kwaziwa futhi njengamagagasi IP-10 ne-T-10) wawusebenza njengenduku 'donor ", enika" uphikisana 273 "powerplant, inhliziyo okwakubekelwa turbocharged udizili B 12-6B nomthamo 750 amalitha. a. Nge umthwalo ongako, ngisho lo mthwalo injini esindayo lwalulinganiselwe ukuphila service, ukuhlinzeka inqolobane km 200 kuphela (onguthelawayeka). Noma kunjalo, ngamandla ethize wawumningi, umshini ngamunye ton waqalisa cishe 12 "amahhashi" elikuvumela ukugcina intuthuko yamukeleka, siqala kafushane. Ukuze 2B1 "Oka" futhi "capacitor-2P" bogies yakhelwe iyunifomu, hhayi kuphela ngenxa izinzuzo Standardization, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi ayikho into enamandla nakakhulu ukuba ngaleso sikhathi kwaba akunakwenzeka. amasondo Road ifakwe ngabanye torsion ugongolo dampers.

420 mm nosimende 2B1 "Oka" futhi umboko wayo

Isiqu sawo ine usayizi umxhwele. Loading kwenziwa yi-breech, ngesikhathi amamitha amabili ubude ngendlela ehlukile lwalungamukelekile. Wonke amadivayisi yokuhlengwa ukufinyela amandla ngaphambilini uye wasebenzisa ngisho izibhamu superheavy kulokhu kwadingeka iwusizo yako ilinganiselwe kakhulu. Atomic 420 mm nosimende 2B1 "Oka 'akabanga slicing isiqu, isilinganiso salo sifinyelela 12 imizuliswano ngehora, okuyinto kulolu isibhamu osezingeni kuyinto inkomba enhle kakhulu. The main damper buyisela emuva bakhonza kakhulu umzimba umshini, Kumabheja nezinye izingxenye chassis.

ukuboniswa

On the imashi yonkana umshini omkhulu kwaba umuntu oyedwa kuphela - umshayeli. Enye abayisithupha, ababandakanya induna ukubala, balandela 2B1 nosimende "Oka" ngemoto armored noma ezinye imoto. On umbukiso yokudumisa weminyaka le-October Revolution ngo-1957, imoto ufike ngemva kokuba sekudlule lonke uvivinyo. Ngokuhamba wembula design eziningi amaphutha abo, elalinayo ezazini ehlelekile kakhulu. Ngaphambi ezazivela bamangala amaphephandaba akwamanye amazwe futhi omagazini esabekayo yashizi nosimende self ezinezinjini 2B1 "Oka", kanye ummemezeli ngokwenama wamemezela obala mayelana isabelo ukulwa monster cyclopean. Akubona bonke ochwepheshe ezempi bakholwa ngokoqobo omelelwa Ngokwesibonelo, ngisho imicabango yabantu kwakuzwakala ukuthi ungumkhohlisi. Okunye abahlaziyi babekholelwa ubunjalo esesabekayo lokhu ithuluzi futhi wayeshesha wacosha ingoma ajwayelekile mayelana Soviet usongo lempi. Kanti bobabili base bekhulile abanamalungelo abo. 420-mm nosimende self ezinezinjini 2B1 "Oka" kukhona ngempela ngempela, ngisho senza ukuhlolwa isibhamu. Omunye umbuzo ezihlobene ukuqina yayo futhi ukulungela langempela.

yi

55 ton umshini abakwazi ukuphatha akuzona zonke ibhuloho, nje ngemva kweminyaka emithathu ukuboniswa ku Red Square lususiwe kusukela service. Imizamo kokuqeda prototypes ezine nosimende 2B1 "Oka" abangu inqanyulwe ngo-1960 ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, izingxenye chassis kungukuthi kugcinwa imithwalo ezinkulukazi nazo ngesikhathi ukufinyela odlulela lonke machine for amamitha amahlanu emuva, futhi zonke izinyathelo ukuze awaqinise enganikanga imiphumela. Umkhawulo amandla ukunemba ingxubevange sisekhona. Okwesibili, ngaleso sikhathi kwakunoFakazi Tactical missile abathwali baye ukusebenza ngcono kakhulu kanye maneuverability kakhulu. Njengoba wazi, rocket kuqale ngaphandle ukubuya consequently nesizotha ezidinga isiqalisi zayo okuningi nangokwengeziwe. Kwakukhona nesinye isici ezathonya phetho kwaleli thuluzi esiyingqayizivele. Atomic 420-mm nosimende 2B1 "Oka" kubiza isabelomali eqolo, futhi aliqede yakhe kwaba amathemba ezingacacile kakhulu. Konke lokhu kwaba nomthelela yokuthi imoto kusuka esigabeni kwezikhali eziseqophelweni impi bawela eziningi Museum ziphephile, unezela ohlwini curiosities lempi.