Ayzek Azimov: Imithetho ezintathu wamarobhothi

Abantu abavela kuzo zonke izizukulwane, njalo ukhathazekile nge umbuzo: "? Hlobo luni ikusasa nathi" It is ngokuvamile umongo ubonisa ngokugcwele ukuthi kwenzekani kumuntu othile nezingane zakhe. Kodwa kukhona wodwana zabantu ngubani obakhathalelayo isiphetho nempucuko, makhulu amathemba ukuthuthukiswa wayo.

izingqondo abaningi abafuna impendulo yalo mbuzo esivuthayo! Ososayensi, izazi-mlando, izazi zefilosofi, ababhali, izibalo zenkolo ngisho abalandeli quantum Mechanics ukwenza izibikezelo zabo futhi izibikezelo. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu yini iphuzu elithakazelisayo umbono bachazela emibhalweni yakhe, Ayzek Azimov - omkhulu yesayensi kanye nesayensi popularizer.

Ayzek Azimov - kakhulu yehlukene kaningi okubalwa yesayensi kwekhulu lama-20

Edolobhaneni Smolensk RSFSR emaphethelweni umntwana womfana Isaka (igama lakhe langempela yomlobi). Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, u-Isaka emkhayeni wamaJuda bethuthele Melika. Azimov ixazululwe kwelinye idolobha eNew York, ngo Brayton Bich. Enye igama - "Odessa Little", endaweni ngokwesiko ugcwale abasuka Russia.

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, umfana wakhuluma ngesiNgisi kanye Yiddish. izincwadi zayo umhlaba eyakheke, ikakhulukazi usebenza Shalom Aleikhem. Umfana wakhula ngokusobala uyakwazi nokukhathalela yonke into eziyibonayo. Ngakho-ke, kalula ephothula Columbia University eNew York ngo "Chemist". Ngo-1942, u-Isaka wathutha ukuba Philadelphia, lapho kwakukhona khona umhlangano wakhe kwesibhamu nge Robert Heinlein. ngemva nje imithetho emithathu wamarobhothi necebo umbhali.

ngendlela yokudala

Umlobi owasungula imithetho emithathu wamarobhothi, ngokuqinisekile - unobuntu obuhlukile. Asimov - umlobi wezincwadi abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu, futhi wabhala yesayensi akukhona nje kuphela. Ngo zinkulumo zakhe eziningi ezihlekisayo, baseshi, ngisho isebenza uhlobo fantasy.

Ngaphezu ithalente eliqhakazile umbhali, Asimov kwaba umuntu okahle, abanakho ukuthambekela inkolo. Wayazi umlando, Psychology, chemistry astronomy. Ulwazi in the ehlukahlukene, oluhambisana umcabango omuhle emenza eziningi imibono ezithakazelisayo. Omunye wabo - psychohistory, isayensi kube yilolu suku inika phansi ezibanzi yokuzihlola. Azimov futhi yawenza isayensi phakathi nabantu abavamile: ngolimi olulula ukuchaza izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Okuhambayo iBhayibheli Asimov

Ngaphezu izincwadi owaziwa yesayensi, sincoma ukufunda "Guide to the Bible." Le ncwadi ibizwa ebhalwe okuthakazelisayo, futhi ithakaseleka. Ngemva kokuyifunda ulwazi engqondweni esihanjisiwe ngobuningi kule liyincwadi efundwa kakhulu kunazo zonke. Okulandelayo, ufunde mayelana nemithetho ezintathu wamarobhothi, abenyukela edume eqanjiwe American.

I izimfanelo okwesikhathi imithetho edume

Asinakusho ukuthi Asimov, ngaphandle kwesizathu wathatha kanye necebo imithetho emithathu ekuklameni amarobhothi. Per umuntu kuthinta kwenkathi enkulu kuzo nalezo aphila kuzo; ukubaluleka amafomu ekhaya nasemphakathini (okokugcina kudlala indima juqu).

Youth Azimov waqhutshwa phakathi ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha isayensi nobuchwepheshe, imvelo, abantu abafundile nilidle ukucabanga ezintsha. Lezi zici ezimbili wabeka umbhali othile emhlabeni. Lokho kwaba nomthelela ukucabanga kwakhe impucuko yethu, ukuba khona kungenzeka zezinye izinto eziphilayo kahle endaweni yonke futhi mayelana namarobhothi wayesengaba abasizi kuhle abantu.

imithetho emithathu wamarobhothi engacabanga ngakho nje umuntu ezezimboni. Futhi lokhu Yebo, kuyaqondakala. Futhi baba Ayzek Azimov (imithetho emithathu wamarobhothi ethulwa esahlukweni esilandelayo). Indlela zizwakala futhi siyini essence zabo - lokhu ngokuya phambili.

Imithetho Abathathu Robotics: lokho okushiwo?

Ngokokuqala ngqá imithetho edume avele loop "mayelana amarobhothi" Azimov. Iningi kuyathakazelisa bona asizwa fantastic indzaba lemfisha "Runaround".

Ukudala abasizi eyinkimbinkimbi kunendawo enkulu engahlolwa amarobhothi, abantu engazi kubanika ingxenye nengqondo yakhe. Kungenzeka isimo (ngokuphindaphindiwe echazwe ezincwadini namafilimu) uma imishini ukucabanga izuze amandla phezu Abadali zabo. Ngakho-ke imithetho edingekayo nokukhawula amarobhothi.

Kanjani imithetho wamarobhothi esiqinile?

Kulo msebenzi wakhe wokudala, Asimov ehlukile iphathwa imithetho yasungulwa. Emjikelezweni lokuqala izindaba "ngemithetho amarobhothi 'zifana umthetho ukuphepha noma ephendula umbuzo funny:" Indlela baziphathe ngokufanele ne robot "?

Ngo izindaba kamuva Asimov ukholelwa ukuthi umthetho - iyingxenye idivayisi zezibalo irobhothi positronic ingqondo. Lokhu kufana ne nemizwelo yomuntu. Kuyinto ucingo bemvelo irobhothi yayo yokufakelwa usebenza ukuze kuzuze umuntu - kuyasiza nezinselele ukulalela imiyalo yakhe.

incazelo yomuntu jikelele

Azimov kwasekuqaleni - a umlobi yesayensi. Imithetho emithathu of Robotics, Isimanga siwukuthi, ukulingana izimiso eziningi eziphathelene nezimiso zokuziphatha amasistimu eMhlabeni. Uma ucabanga ngakho, lezi ziphakamiso ezintathu ukubeka kwesokudla namagugu obuntu.

Umlobi e "Ubufakazi," eshicilelwe ngo-1946, ebanikeza ngukulungisiswa. USusan, umlingiswa oyinhloko webhayisikobho indaba, kuziwa iziphetho ezintathu eziyisisekelo:

• Umuntu ovamile ngeke bakwati kulimata abanye abantu. Ngaphandle kobana ngandlela thize lutho. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nempi, umuntu has ukuvikela impilo yakhe futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuze ulondoloze abanye abantu.
• Ukuzizwa nesibopho emphakathini, umuntu oqotho uyazigcwalisa izincomo zabantu onegunya - odokotela, othisha, kanye nabaholi.
• Wonke umuntu unendaba ukuphepha nempilo yabo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kubaluleke kakhulu.

Kunzima ukuphikisa incazelo jikelele kwemithetho Asimov sika. Kusobala ukuthi umuntu olingisa nokuphila kwalezi imithetho elula, uyindoda enhle.

I izibikezelo Ayzeka Azimova

nezingxoxo ezinde futhi othakazelisayo ungentiwa ngemithetho ezintathu ekuklameni amarobhothi. Thina manje ukhulume izibikezelo Asimov. Yebo, lokhu umuntu eliyingqayizivele wahlanganyela futurology futhi ngempela ngempumelelo, njengoba kuboniswa namuhla. Ngo-1964, e-New York, eqanjiwe, walandisa izilaleli izinto ngombono wakhe emhlabeni eminyakeni 50. Ngakho, izibikezelo eyinhloko Asimov:

• amadivaysi Electronic uzokhulula abantu kusukela emisebenzini abayenza njalo. Kuzoba amagajethi ukwenza ikhofi yabo kanye eluhlaza aguqulayo isinkwa ubhontshisi. Ukufezeka.
• Ubuchwepheshe sinyathelo esibonisa inqubekela phambili. Uzokwazi ukubona interlocutor yakho ngesikhathi ingxoxo yocingo; futhi izifundo sina imibhalo ngqo kwi isihenqo negajethi. Ukufezeka (ubuchwepheshe "Skype" futhi isiqophi Smartphones).
• Robots uzongena ekuphileni umuntu ovamile, futhi kumadivayisi amaningi electronic izosebenza ngaphandle kwezintambo, ngenxa ibhethri enamandla. Woza kweqiniso (abantu abaningi basebenzisa robot vacuum cleaner omkhathi, Smartphones kanye amaphilisi kungaba isikhathi eside emsebenzini off-line).
• Umphakathi wabantu bomhlaba 6.5 bhiliyoni, e-United States - 350 ayizinkulungwane. Adingekayo kufanele ucabange mayelana nezindlela ngenhlonipho zokuvimbela inzalo, kungenjalo Umhlaba iphenduke Manhattan okuqinile. 2014 luzoba nakangaka ngoba impucuko womuntu. Ngokwengxenye wagcwalisa (yomphakathi jikelele ngo-2014 - 7,046 bhiliyoni, ne-United States - 314 billion ngo-2014, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi ithakazelisa kakhulu, kunzima ukuba yahlulele mayelana senguquko, ke kusazobonakala).
• inkinga engathi sína isintu siyoba isithukuthezi. Abantu abaningi baqala yilesi lokugula ngengqondo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2014, omunye emikhakheni yezokwelapha ezibaluleke kakhulu kuyoba wezifo zengqondo. Woza kweqiniso ... Ukushintsha kwesimo senhliziyo (cyclothymia ngokuya yesayensi), abantu abaningi baye kuyinsakavukela. Nokho, abantu abaningi baye bafunda ukubhekana nakho ngempumelelo.

ezintathu imithetho Isaka Asimov sika ekuklameni amarobhothi futhi yesayensi - lokhu triad, onikeza nombono ezithakazelisayo ikusasa emhlabeni.