Bangaki izibalo Arab zikhona namuhla. Indaba

Izinombolo Arabhu, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Indo-Arab kunazo elula, owaziwa zonke izimpawu - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 no 9. Yileyo impendulo yombuzo othi kangakanani ka zesi-Arabhu kuyoba inombolo eziyishumi. Kuze kube manje, bayizithunywa ukumelwa ezivamile ufanekisela izinombolo emhlabeni wonke.

Ingemuva ukubukeka

Imizamo yokuqala ukwakha uhlelo digital senziwe eBhabhiloni 2nd yeminyaka BC. e., kodwa zabo uhlelo inombolo kwakungelona zero.

Ukuvela zesi-Arabhu elihlobene ne ohlelweni Hindu-Arabhu inani, eye iguqulwe ngu yamaPheresiya ekuqaleni esasisetshenziselwa emazweni Arab. Kunobufakazi, ngalo kungenziwa bazitshela ukuthi izibalo uqala ukuvela ezindaweni entshonalanga ye-Arabhiya.

Ngesimo ayo esimanje, netinombolo Arabhu uvele eNyakatho Afrika, bahlukile kulabo asetshenziswe West. Edolobheni Beja, esemgwaqweni enyakatho Algeria, usosayensi odumile Fibonacci wadala uhlelo samanje sedijithali, naye nguye abenyukela netinombolo Arabhu noma, kunalokho, yasiza popularization yabo. Umsebenzi wakhe kwakuyisimangaliso zokusabalalisa eYurophu futhi baseYurophu, abaletha kubo emhlabeni wonke. Fibonacci yasungulwa zesi-Arabhu, ngisho bazi ukuthi kamuva ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke ngokusebenzisa ukuhweba, lubhalomagama futhi ingcindezelo.

Kanjani zero

Abanye kungase kubacacele ukuthi zero kuyingxenye uhlelo positional, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso, ngoba samuva nje komlando wesintu. Kodwa eqinisweni, lolu phawu ikuyo yonke indawo ukuthi kusho "lutho" engakaze esetshenziswa eYurophu kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XII. Kukholakala ukuthi imizamo ekuqaleni ukwethula uhlelo positional zero benziwa eMesophothamiya yasendulo. baseSumer basebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene imifanekiso kanye nezimpawu, okuyinto imisebenzi yayo sisondela lesi sibalo, eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezine edlule. Nakuba imibhalo yokuqala ebhaliwe mayelana nokubonakala loluphawu sangomhla III-II yeminyaka BC. e. eBhabhiloni. Ngo sexagesimal ikakhulukazi izinhlelo waseBhabhiloni digital yayikhona ngemvume esiza ukuhlukanisa emashumini, ngamakhulu nangezinkulungwane, kodwa ayizange isetshenziswe ngokwehlukile. E., Lesi sibalo ongakabi atholwe zonke izici ezithuthukile.

Hindu-Arabhu uhlelo inani kwavela India azungeze 500 AD. Wayengumngane wamavukelambuso ngaphezulu, ngoba kwaba zero futhi notation positional. Lokhu kwaba nenqubekela phambili ebonakalayo ngokuya wezibalo. Ngakho impendulo yombuzo othi "kungakanani kukhona zesi-Arabhu 'iye yashintsha kusukela zero lalingesinye sibalo egcwele.

Ngezinye izikhathi endaweni positional inombolo uhlelo izibalo esikhethekile glyph, izimpawu, ezisetshenziswa for the ukumelwa ingcaca izinombolo noma izinhlamvu. Ingeyokuqala ngesimo zero izinsuku umdwetshana kusukela ekhulwini IX (enkabeni India). Ziningi walondoloza Indian nezingcwecwe zethusi zokunyathelisa ukuthi sikhona umlingisi, ezifanayo umsebenzi zero usuvele VI. n. e.

Ukuzijwayeza eYurophu

Izinombolo Arabhu uvele eYurophu 976, kuqinisekiswa Vigilanskim Ikhodi.
Kusukela 980 sika Orilyaksky UHerbert, kamuva owaba nguPapa Sylvester II, wasiza popularize izinombolo e-Europe. Leonardo Fibonacci, isazi sezibalo esidumile kusukela Pisa, owayefunda e-Algeria, futhi nomthelela ukusabalala uhlelo olusha digital, kokuba ebhaliwe "The Book Abacha."

Izinombolo kanye nezinombolo

Impendulo yombuzo kangakanani yezinombolo Arab ezikhona emvelweni, elula, njengoba kukhona 10 kuphela, njengoba kulandela: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Ubudlelwano lezinombolo nezinombolo isobala, ngoba izibalo ziwumfuziselo we ukubonisa, futhi nenombolo ngokwayo - umqondo ebonisa ukuthi inombolo.

Isizathu ukuthi zesi-Arabhu zenziwa Europe, akuyona kuphela lula ukusetshenziswa yabo, kodwa futhi ukubonakala umshini wokuqala wokunyathelisa ngezinhlamvu, okuyinto wabenza ethandwa kakade ekhulwini xv.

Izinombolo Arabhu eRussia

notation lwamaSlav evela lwamaSlav zamagama, owasetshenziswa eningizimu futhi amaSlav empumalanga. It wasetshenziselwa ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XVIII, lapho uPetru mina bafaka zesi-Arabhu. By the way, Russia isibe kwelinye lamazwe lokuqala, okuye ngokusemthethweni ayifake ukusetshenziswa zesi-Arabhu.

Kufinyeta, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi impendulo yombuzo othi, bangaki Arab izibalo, kukhona njengamanje silula, positional uhlelo digital ifikile ibanga elide kumiswa. Ngakho, izinhlamvu, t. E. izibalo kanye ososayensi Indian ovelele sokuqala senzeka yabo namasiko Arab, futhi kuphela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukwamukelwa zasakazekela kulo lonke izwe ophucuzekile.

Ukudalwa isimiso esinjalo digital ngeke kakhulu ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kokubili isayensi nobuchwepheshe. Isizathu esiyinhloko ekusakazekeni ngokushesha futhi lithathelwe zesi-Arabhu embulungeni yonke ziye zaba ukufuduka kanye ukuvela wokunyathelisa, okwenza bakwazi ukuzijwayelanisa nabo abakhileyo wonke amazwekazi.