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U-Aritahishashita I: Phakathi nokubusa

Njengoba sazi, akukho lutho ihlala phakade. Futhi afakazele lokhu, lwanele leaf emakhasini umlando, futhi ufunde Umlandvomphilo lababusi abamagama abo akukho lutho Iningi labantu ababephila yethu. Kodwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule, laba bantu wabusa umhlaba, futhi babethembele ukuba khona izizwe lonke. izinqubomgomo ezinjalo ezikhathini zasendulo osebenza yinkosi Artakserks mina Dolgoruky.

ukubusa

Kusukela ekupheleni kwelikhulu lesi-8 kanye 4th ekhulwini BC. e. omunye uthi olukhulu isikhathi - yasePheresiya - imithetho Achaemenid lwamakhosi. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-480 kusuka King uXerxes Lokuqala wazalelwa indodana yesibili, okuthiwa u-Ahashiveroshi. Ngaleso sikhathi, isimo uye yindlalifa - kaDariyu, okuyinto uyawuthanda umusa abazali wayo wobukhosi. indodana yesibili akazange ivumelane isikhundla umbusi nezinye izifundazwe ukuthi wathenjiswa ukuthatha ngemva ukubusa esihlalweni sobukhosi umfowabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayefuna ukuba konke manje, ngakho ngo-465 BC. e. Wahlela icebo amelane noyise. Ngenxa yalokho, inkosi; indlalifa babulawa Aspamitroy umthenwa futhi ikhanda lwesigodlo onogada Artabanus, futhi isikhulu wayesehlala esihlalweni sobukhosi yasePheresiya, wehlela emlandweni ngaphansi kwegama ka-Aritahishashita I.

Kukhona enye inguqulo, owawuthi le nsizwa yayingumuntu akanacala ngokufa izihlobo, futhi kwadingeka nokuba ngilwe nesikhulu bakhi kuya Achaemenid lwamakhosi ilahlekelwe amandla phezu zwe. Ngo izitatimende enjalo kwakungatholakala kholwa cha izenzakalo ezalandela. Ikakhulukazi, ngemva konyaka owodwa wokubusa kuka-Aritahishashita, umfowabo omncane Hystaspes, owayeneminyaka satrap esifundazweni Bactria, ephakanyiswe ekuvukeleni uNkulunkulu. It lanqotshwa, futhi isihlubuki - Kushone. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezifanayo esikhathini esizayo abanezihlobo uzilungiselele inselelo ilungelo lakhe kwesihlalo sobukhosi, le nkosi encane ngaphambilini okwalapha akhiphe abanye abafowabo.

Isimo Greece

Phakathi nokubusa kuka-Aritahishashita ababengaphambi izinkinga kakhulu namaPheresiya alethwe abakhileyo Greece, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi, ukuzeka kwakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi, bathi babehilelekile internecine izimpi phakathi lizisho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaGreki ukucwaswa jikelele odumile Themistocles, abake iwine uyise inkosi entsha - Ahashiveroshi Elikhulu. Wanquma khonga ephephelo ngaphakathi the ekamu lesitha wangaphambili, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi namaPheresiya ngesikhathi wathembisa ekhanda lakhe omningi - amathalenta 200.

U-Aritahishashita I kuxolelwe Themistocles, ememezela ukuthi kwenza ukuba abe umholi beza kuye ngesandla esivulekile kakhulu wamvuza bamisa umphathi emadolobheni amaningana e -Asia Minor.

Lo mbhikisho eGibhithe

Ngonyaka wesine wokubusa Aritahishashita Egypt Okokuqala bahlubuka. Abaholi babavukeli waseLibya babé Inar nami Amyrtaeus kusukela emzini Sais. Against lezi zihlubuki zazenzela umalume yinkosi lwabo lwendabuko kanye satrap Persian laseGibhithe - Achaemenes. Impi ewumnqamula-juqu kwenzeke Papremise futhi saphela ngokukhululwa ukuhlulwa yamaPheresiya. Ahlazise isitha, abaseGibhithe ethunyelwe Aritahishashita isidumbu Achaemenes washo ukuthi uzimisele ukulwa kuze kube yilapho zixoshwa ezweni lonke abahlaseli.

Inar wanquma ukuthola umbimbi okuthembekile, wathumela izithunywa ukuba aye e-Athene. They buya nge izindaba ezinhle, futhi ngemva kwabo efika imikhumbi ngesiGreki 200. Okokuqala imikhumbi abase-Athene athumba abaphanga, Cyprus, ngaleso sikhathi kwakungekaNkulunkulu namaPheresiya, bese ngomkhumbi saya eGibhithe futhi yacwila yempi Ahashiveroshi. Khona-ke amaGreki wathatha phezu Memphis. Umuzi obabusezandleni zabo, kodwa lenqaba Persian baphephela inqaba cishe unyaka bamelana lokuvimbezela, elinde azowalekelela abasePheresiya.

Ukunqoba kuka-izihlubuki

Ngo-456 BC. e. Megabyzus - omunye jikelele edume kunazo Persian, ophinda abe satrap wakwa-Aram, wathunyelwa izihlubuki ezivela Persepolis. Eqaphela ukubaluleka kwako, Aritahishashita waqale wanika asesandleni sakhe imikhumbi yaseFenike ibutho eziqinile. Lena umholi abanolwazi lempi wakwazi ukunqoba iGibithe no-Athene, futhi ukubuyisela amandla yasePheresiya phezu Memphis. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, kuthathe omunye unyaka nesigamu ukuze elathunjwa Inar abasekeli bakhe abambalwa.

satrap okusha of Egypt, iNkosi u-Aritahishashita esimisiwe Arsames 1 - Umzukulu kaDariyu Omkhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yonke izikhungo lelo tulo labhuntsha ukubeka phansi, ngakho namaPheresiya kwadingeka zivume amadodana akhe Amyrtaeus futhi Inara amandla phezu Delta futhi Libya, ngombandela wokuthi athobele satrap WasePheresiya.

Ukulwela ukukhipha Cyprus

Babalelwa ku-450 BC. e. wavukela satrap Megabyzus. Yena wakwazi ukunqoba phezu amabutho ka-Aritahishashita ezimpini ezimbili, kodwa nalapho esesongelwa bamba yalesi siqhingi ngo-Athene, feuds ubudala naphakathi kwenkosi induna engcono ukhohlwe zakhe.

Ngonyaka 449 BC. e. 200 imikhumbi abase-Athene nabezinye yabo oMfelandawonye ngesiGreki, kwaholela umkhuzi Cimon, efika ogwini saseKhupro. ahlukahlukene endaweni engenabantu kulesi siqhingi sihlangabezana "Bakhululi" ngaphandle intshiseko. Bahlanganiswe kuphela emadolobheni ambalwa, ezinabantu abaningi nge ikakhulukazi namaGreki.

Khona-ke Cimon wathumela imikhumbi 60 ezisiza lezi zihlubuki waseGibhithe, futhi yavimbezela Idolobha laseKition. Take it ezikhukhula isikhathi eside kwakungenakwenzeka, nalapho umholi wabulawa ukugula, amaGreki waqaphela ukuthi amathuba wabo cha. Balibangisa baya eSalami futhi wahlangana imikhumbi yasePheresiya. Lapha isimo wezempi uye waphambana amaPheresiya namaGreki Ngishoné iningi emikhunjini yabo kanye nemikhumbi 100 bathunjwa.

ukuthula Callias

Inkosi yasePheresiya u-Aritahishashita wehlela emlandweni njengoba le nkosi, lapho omunye edume kakhulu izivumelwano eside ukuze kuphelele ngxabano lempi emlandweni wenza kwaba. Wathola igama Callias emhlabeni, egameni ohlakaniphile ngesiGreki, ngubani lo msebenzi obalulekile waphathiswa. Callias ubekade behlobene imikhaya abadumile abaningi base-Athene, kuhlanganise Pericles, futhi waba ufakazi umlamuli kakhulu.

Isimo main yesivumelwano kunomahluko ocacile phakathi kwemikhakha Athene futhi Persian kwethonya esifundeni. Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano, iNkosi u-Ahashiveroshi lokuqala eyisibambiso neze ukungena imikhumbi e-Aegean Sea, e-Asia Minor, emngceleni umhlaba phakathi uthi ngesiGreki nemfuyo inkosi wawuzoqhutshwa ngasogwini at ibanga elilodwa uhambo losuku umgibeli. Kepha-Athene, bona ufunge ngokuthi angeke angene ensimini obonwa ukulawula indawo yesibili ikontraga party. Ngokungafani namanye amadokhumenti amaningi afanayo, Kalle zwe belilokhu enamandla kakhulu, futhi uthathwa njengomgcini Iphuzu lokugcina esikhathini eside izimpi yamaGreki WasePheresiya.

inqubomgomo yasekhaya

Inkosi yasePheresiya uXerxes (wabusa 465-424 BC. E.) Emehlweni izikhonzi zakhe kwaba nkosi ehlakaniphile okusesilinganisweni. Phakathi '41 simthole ngamandla izwe lachuma. Inkosi wazama zonke izindlela ngaphambili ukulondoloza ubuqotho ngaphansi ukuze abantu bakhe phakathi umbuso walo. Ngakho, wakhipha umyalo wokuba wavumela amaJuda ukuba akhe kabusha ethempelini eJerusalema futhi ayokwakha kabusha umuzi kusuka ekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-445 BC. e. 1 Aritahishashita esimisiwe uNehemiya umbusi waseJudiya umJuda.

Ukuze yokufaneleka kwalo naye ungowasendaweni Sigodlo ekhatsi Persepolis sokubuyiselwa nokwenziwa ngcono dolobha zesizwe.

ukufa

Aritahishashita ngafa entwasahlobo ka 424 BC. e. Ngu lokusinda-cuneiform kwakunemibhalo eqoshiwe, ngosuku olufanayo Umkakhe wafa esikhathini esingengakanani Damaspiya, izidumbu zabo ziphela ku amathuna aqoshwe edwaleni Naqsh-e uRustam abasondelene Persepolis. Throne of Persia wadlulela indodana yakhe u-Ahashiveroshi yesibili, bese Sogdiana. Womabili amakhosi abulawa kulolo zungu. Ekugcineni, wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi indodana yesithathu ka-Ahashiveroshi - Sengathi okwaziwa njenge uDariyu II.

Abesifazane nezingane

Ngaphansi idatha wahlala, inkosi u-Aritahishashita wenziwa umuntu munye, indodana zakonorozhdenny futhi 17 inzalo wezancinza.

Inkosikazi yenkosi - Damaspiya - wayengunina we indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi, uXerxes iqanjwe kumkhulu wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlando uye walondoloza amagama ozithandayo nezancinza Aritahishashita ezintathu:

  • vavilonyanki Aloguny abathwala inkosi indodana yesibili Sogdia;
  • akkadki Kosmartideny - umama Arsida futhi Okha, kamuva eyayizoba inkosi ibuse kwengu-19;
  • Andii - vavilonyanki ukuthi wanika indodana yenkosi futhi indodakazi Parysatis ehlela emlandweni njengoba nendlovukazi futhi inkosi u-Aritahishashita II, futhi wamacebo eyaziwa, ngekhono ekuphatheni amadoda ezizungezile.

Aritahishashita iBhayibheli

Mhlawumbe isimo sengqondo evumayo ukuthi u-Aritahishashita I awubonisa lamaJuda yokuthi igama lakhe kwathiwa okukhulunywa ngayo ngokuphindaphindiwe emiBhalweni eTestamenteni Elidala. Ikakhulukazi, kusitshela ukuthi ngesikhathi kubusa inkosi yakwa-ukuthi igama babehlala abaprofethi u-Ezra noNehemiya. Eyokuqala yalezi kwaba umphathindebe Aritahishashita. Ngokwe-legend, nguye emnxusa ukuba avumele amaJuda ukuba akhe kabusha izindonga zaseJerusalema. Nge igama inkosi yasePheresiya bese uxhuma iTestamente Elidala isiko Esteri, nokucela ashisayo ezokwenza umxhwele le nkosi bese igcinwa amaJuda evela nokuqothulwa. Kulo mBhalo, ukuhlonza le nkosi yangempela futhi iBhayibheli Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuba emthethweni, njengoba yokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi u-Ahashiveroshi ukuthi, kunalokho, yigama uXerxes I.

Manje uyazi ukuthi ubani kwaba u-Aritahishashita I (bas ngesithombe nesithombe sakhe cm. Ngenhla). Ngaphambili he wayebusa umbuso omkhulu, okuyinto oluthatha indawo yakwa-yesimanje Iran, Egypt, Lebanon, Cyprus, Israyeli nakwamanye amazwe amaningi, futhi namuhla ukunikezela ambalwa imigqa emifushane izincwadi.

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