Bhuka "Big Kokshaga" - jikelele we ehlane

endaweni Huge oluhlaza futhi kuthule esiqiwini iyatholakala futhi kudalulwe umhlaba wonke ophilayo, uyivikele ngemfudumalo lwabo nomoya wokungenisa izihambi.

Umhlaba agodliwe nemvelo - inqolobane "Big Kokshaga"

Top endaweni "Big Kokshaga" Kubukeka sengathi i ukhaphethi engapheli oluhlaza, convolutions Ithungelwe nemifula (njengoba intambo okumsulwa okwesibhakabhaka), okufakwe lapha nge amachibi acwazimulayo. Lapha obukhulu emahlathini amakhulu okufakwe lapha nge emaxhaphozini nezimfunda.

Umqhele izihlahla zikaphayini abacaphuni esikhundleni aluhlaza izihlahla zikaphayini futhi emnene birches mncane. Kukhona le onqenqemeni kanye nezinye igama elihle - amaHlathi Zavolzhe.

Umlando sokudalwa, ezindawo

Ngo-1993, ngesikhathi p. NoMfula iVolga (owumthelela kwesokunxele) sidalwe isimo Nature Reserve "Big Kokshaga" indawo ezweni 21.4 amahektha Itholakala amakhilomitha 40 entshonalanga yenhloko-dolobha weMari El (ngaya eYoshkar-Ola) e Kilemarsky futhi Medvedev ekuyi izindawo. Ngaphambi kwalokho, Mari El iMari yayisiqala Reserve. Nokho, it is ziphele nya ngo-1972, elishisayo ezomile.
Injongo eyinhloko ekudaleni indawo evikelwe - ukuvikelwa kwamahlathi ngasemngceleni ophakathi ehlathini eningizimu namahlathi lezihlahla.

Insimu emelelwa emathafeni (emfuleni futhi glaciolacustrine). Iphuzu esiphezulu ezweni - 132,2 m ngaphezu kolwandle.

Sekukonke kukhona umfula Big Kokshaga kuyinto emifuleni mayelana 20 nemifudlana.
Le ndawo nokongiwa itholakala 3 amachibi - Kosheer, Kapsino futhi Shusher. Lesi sakamuva - kwekulu. Ngesimo, kuba esibukweni okusaqanda kanye yayo obuphelele 1250 m, ububanzi amamitha 600. Leli chibi sijule kakhulu (15 m), umsuka Karst. Egcwele amanzi emfuleni ngesikhathi izikhukhula entwasahlobo.

Izimo zezulu of ngokulinganisela Continental, ne ehlobo sasivumela ashisayo nobusika esipholile nge yesithwathwa eqinile.

Iningi Kokshaga emfuleni, ihlathi

Iningi Kokshaga - emfuleni elikhulu ezweni, okuyinto owumthelela kwesokunxele emfuleni. IVolga. It kweqa Insimu Reserve ngumgogodla okuningi ngayo.

Umfula, eye wathola igama nemvelo esiqiwini, amanzi Umthambo zako ezisemqoka.
On amanzi ngemuva Emerald umbala umbukwane ku Ugu liphuma kaMamre ngokubabazekayo - ubuhle futhi ukuziqhenya esiqiwini.

Abahlukile kwimfunda oki umphakathi esimeme. Lapha kukhona elidala, ungakwazi ukutshela kaMamre lasendulo, futhi amahlumela amasha.

Bhuka "Big Kokshaga" bahlanganisa ikakhulu amahlathi, bangazihluphi endaweni yayo omkhulu - 95% zensimu. I evelele zikaphayini amahlathi, ezimila ngokwemvelo ezimeni ezahlukahlukene kwemvelo. Eyesibili ezinkulu birch. Bona kanye uvele on Imi ensimini noma ishiswa umlilo kwamahlathi, okungukuthi, zingabantu yesibili.

Lokhu ehlathini ukuma kulezi zindawo ukunikeza sonwele bangazihluphi 7.5% of the reserve nokuba eside okuphothula izihlahla wokhuni oluqinile (e-aspen, birch, Linden).

Ngoba lezizinto ikakhulu etholakala izigodi emifula engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Reserve.

Izinhlobonhlobo yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene

Bhuka "Big Kokshaga" iqukethe e amahlathi alo, izimfunda kanye emaxhaphozini ezingaphezu kuka-700 zezitshalo, emelela cishe uhhafu wezindleko etholakalayo e-Republic of Mari El.

I ivulekile ezivamile elisezansi ixhaphozi embozwe birch kanye Alder. On ezindaweni elincane ezimfundeni kwimfunda zitholakala.

Pine forest ligcwele wona kanye ulele. Kukhona futhi wathola ngu-200 zinhlobo ezehlukene ulwelwe ulele mayelana 250 zilwane. I eziyivelakancane - Tsetrariya Laurer, Lobar yamaphaphu futhi usnea ukuqhakaza.

Kodwa kukhona isikhunta eziningi ezivamile emhlabeni inqolobane, kanye endaweni wabathola ezingaphezu ezingavamile: Osinovik ezimhlophe, Hericium staghorn nabanye.

Ngokuvamile ihlathi reserve nezilwane imelelwa imisebenzi elandelayo: amaphiva eziningi, nonogwaja, amaphrotheni, nezintibane. Bahlala lapha carnivores: marten, polecat, Ermine, ngezinye izikhathi Ibhere elinsundu kanye impisi.

Izinyoni ethulwa grouse grouse Cranes grey, izindwandwe, Owl, oklebe nabanye abaningi. . Njll Bahlala lapha lenyoni Encwadi Red: peregrine falcon, abamnyama nonogolantethe, nengqungqulu, inyoka ukhozi.

ocebile izipho elimangalisayo Nature Reserve kakhulu. "Kokshaga Iningi" ivikela futhi elondoloza olwenzeka endaweni ye ezisengozini yokuqothulwa eziningi zezitshalo. It ezingenamaqabunga epipogium, Dactylorhiza aseBaltic nasengxenyeni engaphezu kwengu-11 zama-orchid of enyakatho enhle ngokumangalisayo. Ukubuka edume kakhulu Republic - slipper elihle ntokazi. Njengoba ukuhluma kwezinhlobo imbewu zalesi sitshalo esimangalisayo phambi zezimbali senzeka kuze kube iminyaka engu-17!

izitshalo ezingavamile zasendulo

Cloudberry ikhula ezimfushane kuleli zwe kuphela ezabelweni. Lesi sitshalo sikhula kusukela kwaneminyaka ice. It is ukuthi berry ozithandayo imbongi omkhulu Russian Alexander Pushkin ezaziwayo.

Enye omele izitshalo endala Chilim ezintantayo (noma amanzi onsundu), okuyinto uhlala Shusher echibini efudumele.

"Kokshaga Iningi" - inqolobane nemvelo. Yalondolozwa zezinhlobo izimila lasendulo.

Uhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu reserve (bok) - Poplar (noma Populus nigra), atholakala kwimfunda lomfula Big Kokshaga. Ziningi ezinye zezimila ezisohlwini Incwadi Red: sceptridium multifidum, ejikijolweni, Lycopodium-Baranez, Sundew dlinnolistaya (isitshalo-umhlaseli) kanye Dianthus Superbus.

Esiqiwini ibalulekile ngoba ubunjalo ezindaweni eba yimithetho ayo, ngaphandle kokuqondiswa umuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silinganiso kwandisa ngeminyaka.

Sibonga izinqolobane ngemva kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi, lapho ihlathi ubudala iyanqunywa kakhulu, uzokwazi ukuqhathanisa bese uhlaziya indlela abantu nempucuko ukuthonywa imvelo ngokuphawulekayo acwebile, futhi yini kwakungaba ngaphandle kwethonya kuso.