Biography, nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi Ostrowski

Ukuphila umsebenzi Ostrovsky - ikhasi nobuqhawe e biography of indoda, abasabelo sabo sikulokhu wawa sizi.

umndeni

Umlobi Nikolay Alekseevich Ostrovsky (1904 - 1936) wazalelwa emzaneni Ukraine Vilia sifundazwe naseVolyn emkhayeni wamasosha. Umkhulu, ivan vasilevich Ostrovsky, kwaba isikhulu non-ethunywe, iqhawe empini ngo-1855 kuya Malakhov Hill ngesikhathi evikela Sevastopol. Iminyaka yokuhamba kwakhe Ostrovskogo Ivana Vasilevicha kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa esidlule nobuqhawe Russia kwekhulu XIX.

Ubaba, u-Aleksey Ivanovich Ostrovsky, - njengoba isikhulu non-ethunywe yebutho imperial lapho sebethathe umhlalaphansi. Yena waklonyeliswa St George Crosses ngoba isibindi e ukuthunjwa Shipka futhi Plevna. Iminyaka yokuphila Ostrovsky Alexey Ivanovich kuyinto ukuziqhenya indodana yakhe.

Umama Nicholas, a Czech ngobuzwe, kwaba owesifazane bejabule futhi behlakaniphile, umphefumulo inkampani. Umndeni wawuhlala ngobuningi, izinceku igcinwe, indlu kwakugcwele izivakashi.

ebuntwaneni

Little kolya wamangaza ezizungezile amakhono akhe. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-9 iminyaka ubudala, wathola iziqu esikoleni lesifunda futhi wayeya ukufunda okwengeziwe, kodwa isiphetho decreed ngenye indlela. Ngo-1914, ubaba wakhe ephelelwa umsebenzi, futhi ukuphila zigoqiwe ngobusuku obubodwa. Indlu kwadingeka ukuba ithengiswe, umndeni hlukana. Alexey kanye Nicky waya nezihlobo Ternopil, lapho izinkontileka ukusebenza njengoba wehlathi.

Nicolai Ostrovsky, biography kanye lokusungula kuyinto emangalisayo ezihlukahlukene, got umphathi umsizi esiteshini sesitimela edolobheni Shepetovka, futhi kamuva ngonyaka yaqala ukusebenza ngogesi. Ngo-September 1918, insizwa ethile wangena Shepetovskaya esikoleni samabanga aphansi, eyaqedwa ngempumelelo ngo-1920.

intsha

Kunamaphuzu amaningana uthuthumele ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke wawa abasha Nikolaya Ostrovskogo: IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, futhi ke Februwari Revolution-1917 ngonyaka kulandela Okthoba Revolution futhi impi yombango okwase kwaphela ku Ukraine ngo-1920. Ngo Shepetivka kushintsha njalo amandla, amaJalimane wakhala White nabasePoland, labo, yena, waxosha iRed Army, ke Abamhlophe sondela ngasemuva them Petliurists. Shepetovka abazihlelele abangu ukuhlukumeza amaqembu ezigelekeqe eminingi ukuthi inkunzi wabulawa.

Lesi sikole UNikolai Ostrovsky wayengumholi wempi, yena waba waphathisa abafundi Imfundiso Council. Ngo-1921, isishoshovu wadlula ukuhlolwa futhi lathola isitifiketi ukuvuthwa. Ngawo lowo nyaka, Ostrowski wajoyina i-Komsomol, futhi ekwindla waba umfundi umnyango kusihlwa Kiev College of Electromechanics. Nicholas wayosebenza ngomsebenzi wawo, ugesi. Life kanye lokusungula Ostrovsky ngesikhathi umfundi wakhe bakhonza njengesibonelo kwabanye.

Indlala abandayo

Uma thina lezo zichaza ukuphila futhi basebenze Ostrovskogo Ngamafuphi, usazoba, indaba ezithakazelisayo ulwazi mayelana, indoda nginenhliziyo okunenjongo. Kwakunzima iminyaka post-yimpi, lapho wanqoba monakalo, akwanele ukudla, amalahle, umuthi. College Students UNikolai Ostrovsky phakathi kwabo ukwenza izinkuni, ukuze ngandlela-thile unikeze umnkantsha Kiev ukufudumala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafundi eyakhelwe kujantshi lapho ukuze badonse izinkuni kuvuna emzini. Ngokushesha Ostrovsky abandayo futhi wathatha embhedeni wakhe. Isesimweni esibucayi, wathunyelwa ekhaya, lapho afike achitha khona izinyanga ezimbalwa. Life kanye lokusungula Ostrovsky chaza kafushane nzima, it is khaphi ukuphila ngoba izizukulwane kanjani ukuba nginqobe ubunzima.

Ekugcineni, lesi sifo esebohlile, futhi Nicholas wabuyela emuva esikoleni nasemsebenzini. Nakuba College lalenziwa Institute, kodwa ukuba abe abafundi nyuvesi Ostrovsky angiyekanga ngoba futhi ke nezilima isifo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umbhali esizayo waba njalo izibhedlela nesineke, izikhungo zezempilo, imitholampilo kanye dispensaries. Izifundo kwadingeka zihambe, umfana ezisengozini embhedeni esibhedlela nesishiyagalombili isikhathi esingenasiphelo.

Ngo-1922, babeka nezaba uvalo lwezazi odokotela futhi Nikolaya Ostrovskogo, wayengumuntu esabekayo uphethwe - ankylosing spondylitis. Lokhu kwakusho baxhashazwe ephelele, ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka, eminyakeni embalwa kamuva nge afinyelela ekujuleni umbhali ukujula ngokwengqondo uzokwazi ukuba adabule isithombe iqhawe le noveli "kanjani Steel Ingabe Omnene" UPavel Korchagin. Umsebenzi ibonisa amaqiniso okuphila Ostrovsky, kuyofikwa biography of umbhali. Ukumelana uhlamvu Pavel Korchagin - kuyinto Isifaniso ngqo umbhali kule noveli.

I-Komsomolskaya umsebenzi

A indaba emfushane emfushane ukuphila nomsebenzi Ostrovskogo kungembula ubunjalo nale ndoda enesibindi. Kancane kancane u-Nicholas waphika kwezinyawo zakhe, enaka kanye nobunzima, osizweni umhlanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlenze kwesokunxele ayisekho goba. Ngo-1923 Ostrovsky wathutha nodadewabo edolobheni futhi lapho kuba Berezdiv unobhala wesigodi sase lenhlangano Komsomol. Ezazimlindele baphapheme e womsebenzi wasensimini kwezifiso lamaKhomanisi inkulumo-ze ensimini. Ostrovsky uye ezizinikele zonke ebonana isikhathi nabantu abasha ezindaweni ezikude, wakwazi ugqozi abantu abasha ngeendaba ikusasa eliqhakazile. imizamo isishoshovu yavuzwa emizaneni kude kakhulu kwakukhona amaseli Komsomol, intsha wasiza ngentshiseko ubhongoza wabo ukuba lelisu ezazifundisa ubuKhomanisi. Life kanye umsebenzi Ostrovsky ku umholi Komsomol okuthunyelwe baba yisibonelo ngoba abalandeli bakhe abaningi abasha.

1924 sashintsha lokuqala Ostrovsky, wazihlanganisa leQembu LamaKhomanisi. Wabe esezala ilungu countering banditry, ubulungu bakhe ekhatsi Chon (amabutho ezikhethekile) Uye waba omunye endaweni umsebenzi walilwela ngokungakhathali ngoba izimiso ukulingana jikelele. Life kanye lokusungula Ostrovsky iminyaka ikhathazeka izwe isibonelo wokuzidela. Ziphathe elinesihluku elilalisa UNikolai Ostrovsky, akazange agodle yena. Njalo lapho eya ukusebenza ukubhubhisa isitha, akulaleki ebusuku. Kwalandela sokubala, impilo yethu saxega. I emsebenzini kwadingeka bahambe, kwaqala inkathi yeminyaka yokutakula eside.

Izibhedlela, ukwelashwa spa

Ukubuyekezwa kwe impilo kanye nomsebenzi we Ostrowski uyaqhubeka isikhathi lapho kuzothathwa uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela. Kwaphela iminyaka emibili, kusukela ngo-1924 kuya ku-1926, uNikolai Ostrovsky kwaba laseKharkov Medical-Mechanical Institute, kwaqhutshwa Inkambo yokwelashwa kulandele nokuvuselelwa. Naphezu kwemizamo odokotela, kwakungekho ngcono. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi, uNicholas ngathola abangane abaningi abasha, eyokuqala nguPetru novikov, a adherent ezithembekile eduze kuze kube sekupheleni Ostrovsky.

Ngo-1926, u-Nicholas kuhanjiswe ku Yevpatoria, idolobhana engxenyeni esentshonalanga enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea. Elapho uzohanjiswa ukwelashwa kulesi sibhedlela "Maynaki". Ngo eCrimea, Ostrovsky wahlangana Innokentiem Pavlovichem Fedenevym no-Alexandra Alekseevna Zhigareva, amadoda benemibono engcono, ababebizwa ngokuthi "amaBolshevik lesikole ubudala." abangane okusha izodlala indima enkulu empilweni yomlobi, kuyoba umzali wesibili. Innocent Fedenev kube umngane omkhulu yomlobi, uzakwabo ezindabeni imibono wobukhomanisi. Alexander Zhigareva babe "Umama wesibili." Life kanye Works of Nikolaya Ostrovskogo kusukela atehlukaniseki nalaba bantu. Abangane beqiniso ngeke ushiye.

Ukuphila Novorossiysk

eminye kwezikhathi nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi Ostrovsky - kuyinto ukuhlala lakhe Krasnodar esifundeni oLwandle Olumnyama. Ukulandela izincomo odokotela, uNicholas uyaqhubeka nokufezekisa eningizimu. Wathuthela e nezihlobo ohlangothini kwabakhulelwe, umndeni Matsyuk e Novorossiysk. Kuzo, aqhubeke futhi ephila iminyaka emibili, kusukela ngo-1926 kuya ku-1928-th. Impilo siyaqhubeka siba sibi, hamba Ostrowski akakwazi, ukuhambisa ezayithola. Zonke isikhathi ayesibekela ukufunda amabhuku ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe. Nicholas kuyinto umbhali ozithandayo Maxim Gorky, kulandele zabuna ezincwadi Russian: Gogol, Pushkin, uLeo Tolstoy.

Ngokukhethekile ukhangwa Ostrovsky isihloko kulwiwa, uzama ukuqonda nomnyombo izenzakalo ngaleso sikhathi, lapho umzalwane ebulala umfowabo, kanye noyise umntanakhe. Kokunye umoya ukufunda wobuciko "Chapaev" Furmanova "Amadolobha futhi Iminyaka" Fedina, "Iron Stream" Serafimovicha "nokhomishana" Libedinskii.

Ngo-1927, ankylosing spondylitis, esithinta UNikolai Ostrovsky, ifinyelela umvuthwandaba wayo, iza ukukhubazeka okuphelele imilenze. Hamba akakwazi, ngisho ehamba ngemikhoba. Kokuzama isixazululo ubuhlungu akagcini ngeminithi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uNikolai esembhedeni ngenxa yokugula. Ukufunda izincwadi kancane athikanyezwe ukuhlushwa, izincwadi, nsuku zonke kuletha yezincwadi, naye saba abangane abasondelene Ostrovsky. Indlela yokuveza isiguli iba umsakazo ukuthi ngandlela-thile, kodwa exhumanisa ke ezweni elingaphandle.

Ekupheleni 1927, uNikolai Ostrovsky uthola uMnyango ukuxhumana LamaKhomanisi University Yakova Sverdlova, futhi lesi senzakalo kwakujabulisa ngempela kuye. Abangane ukuthola lesi sigijimi esijabulisayo: "Ngilifunda engekho Zamanga !!!" Life for the Ostrovsky ngendlela engenathemba iyagula kunengqondo.

Bese enye amashwa kwenzeka - isifo iso. Nakuba lokhu ukuvuvukala kuphela, kodwa ngokushesha kuyofika ukulahlekelwa umbono. Odokotela sebekubeke sinqatshiwe ukufunda, singadinwa emehlweni. Okufanele ukwenze kanjani ukuphila manje!?

Indlu e Sochi

In iziguli ugula ubangwa nezibi Nikolaya Ostrovskogo uvele unkosikazi, Raisa Porfirevna, ayehlangana nabo e Novorossiysk. Abangane okuthola kunzima ukusiza womkhaya osemncane, ngenxa yemizamo Aleksandry Zhigarevoy Ostrovskim ahlinzeke efulethini Sochi. Ukhona kugcogca abanye imali, ukuphila kancane kancane waqala ukwakha. Kodwa impilo UNikolai sika baqhubeka buba bubi nakakhulu, umsebenzi zemisipha cishe ngokuphelele elahlekile, inqubo isibe engelapheki. Umbono futhi buthaka usuku ngalunye oludlulayo ezingasho kunzima ukufunda izincwadi ngisho ezinkulu. Amahora kafushane ezinye wayenza yaphinde yabona, kodwa eyestrain kancane futhi kubange blackout. Jikelele impilo Ostrovsky waba inhlekelele, ithemba yokutakula kwadingeka. Abangane uhlale eduze, futhi kuphela ke wanginika amandla isiguli.

isikhathi Moscow

Biography Ostrowski, ukuphila nomsebenzi usufinyelele lelo zinga entsha ngo-Okthoba 1929, lapho u-Nicholas nomkakhe befika eMoscow ukuhlinzwa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wavalelwa imitholampilo engcono UProfesa M. Averbakh, ukuvuvukala jikelele wonke umzimba okubangelwa ukusabela okungekuhle. kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba aqhube umsebenzi.

Ukuphila efulethini womphakathi e Moscow uye waba mubi nakakhulu sina zokugula Ostrovsky. Unkosikazi aye emsebenzini, futhi wahlala eyedwa. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho kwanqunywa ukuba alobe incwadi. Isidumbu kungahambi, futhi umphefumulo abalangazelela yokuzibeka. Ngenhlanhla, izandla zakhe igcinwe ukuhamba, kodwa Nicholas wangabona. Khona-ke wakhuphuka nedivaysi ekhethekile, okubizwa ngokuthi "obala", ngawo kwakunokwenzeka ukubhala ukuphawula ngento ongayazi. Lines zikleliswe imigqa wekugcina, page Ukubhala Kulula, kwadingeka isikhathi ukushintsha amashidi elotshwe inetha nje.

Ukuqala lokusungula

Izigaba zokuphila futhi lokusungula Ostrovsky bamchaza njengomuntu lonelulaka abangazange aphule noma iliphi ukuhlolwa. Izifo bayiqinisa intando unbending. UNikolai Ostrovsky waqala ukuloba umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ukuba indoda nezibi, ongasanyakazi futhi abayizimpumputhe. Noma kunjalo, wakwazi ukwakha umsebenzi ongafi wangena izincwadi Golden Russian. Lokhu inoveli "kanjani Steel Ingabe Omnene".

It Uyabhala kahle ebusuku, nakuba kwakunzima. Morning bomdabu eqoqwe ehlakazekile phansi ngayinyomfoza ngayiphosa amashidi, bona qondanisa bese uzama ukudlulisa ebhaliwe. Inqubo Kwakubuhlungu, kuyilapho Ostrovsky waqala ukutshela umbhalo ababathandayo, futhi ubhale phansi. Icala ngokushesha yahamba ngokushelela, abafisa ukusebenza umbhali laligcwele. Ngo ekamelweni elincane efulethini womphakathi e Moscow wayeya imikhaya emithathu nje ahlobene, abantu abangaphezu kuka eziyishumi.

Nokho, abakwazanga ukuba zilawule bese ubhala umbhalo omusha ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngoba zonke izihlobo sasikade simatasa emsebenzini ngaso sonke isikhathi. Khona-ke Nikolai Ostrovsky ebuzwa ayehlala naye Galyu Alekseevu ukumbhalela emibhalo ezitholwe. Futhi uhlakaniphile, intombazane abafundile kwaba umsizi esisemqoka.

Roman "Njengoba steel omnene"

Ostrovsky izahluko ebhaliwe zibhaliwe wadlula Aleksandre Zhigarevoy, owayeneminyaka eLeningrad wazama nginikeze umbhalo wesandla ukushicilelwa. Nokho, yonke imizamo yakhe ayizange iphumelele, le wokufundwayo umsebenzi, badumisa wabuya. Ukuze Ostrovskogo lamaRoma 'kanjani Steel Ingabe Omnene "kwaba nenjongo yokuphila kwakhe, yathola ukuthi lo mbhalo wesandla ngeke uzitholele.

E-Moscow, ukushicilelwa noveli wazama nokuqalisa Innokentiy Pavlovich Fedenev, wadlula wesandla kwakhe endlini ukushicilela "Guard Young" futhi walindela umhleli impendulo. Ngemva kwesikhashana, kulandele ukubuyekeza ukuthi ebalulekile ezimbi. Fedenev waphikelela ngokuthi kabusha luhlolo. Bese "ice kwaba ile", lo mbhalo wesandla wawela ezandleni omlobi Mark Kolosov, abafunda ngokucophelela okuqukethwe kule noveli bese Kunconywa ukushicilelwa.

Le ncwadi kule noveli

Umlobi Kolosov, kanye Umhleli oyinhloko wephephandaba kukamagazini i- "The Young Guard" casula Karavaevoy elibuyekeziwe umbhalo wesandla, futhi umkhiqizo waqala nginyathelise amakhasi angu-ngenyanga. Kwaba ukunqoba Nikolaya Ostrovskogo futhi inoveli yakhe "kanjani Steel Ingabe Omnene". Nge umbhali waphetha inkontileka, wathola imali, ukuphila ngasibuyisela nencazelo yalo.

Lo msebenzi wakhe wanyatheliswa ephephabhukwini "The Young Guard" emakamelweni emihlanu, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-September 1932. Ngaphansi kwesimo jikelele ngokujabula imindeni nezihlobo umbhali ibihlungu ukuthi inoveli kuyehla yokuqeda izahluko ezimbalwa. Ngokusemthethweni Bachaza lokhu kuntuleka iphepha, kodwa ababhali bakholelwa ukuthi "nezilima incwadi." Nokho, ekugcineni, uNikolai Ostrovsky basula.

Kamuva, inoveli "kanjani Steel Ingabe Omnene" ngokuphindaphindiwe zibhaliwe phesheya, umsebenzi kubhekwa isibonelo zakudala okungenakudanjiswa uhlamvu Russian. Umlobi ayekubhalile omunye inoveli ngokuthi "Utawutalelwa Storm", kodwa, emazwini umbhali, "umkhiqizo uke waba enganele," ikakhulukazi kusukela ophela Ostrovsky wakhe akuzange kudingeke ukuba, washona eneminyaka engu-36 futhi wangcwatshwa Novodevichy Amathuna eMoscow .

inkumbulo

Izinkathi lokusungula Ostrovsky - iyona Amakhasi bhá endleleni nobuqhawe ekuphileni komuntu phezu kwabo ayinawo amandla akukho ukugula, neze kusidumaze ezijulile. Umlobi idale ucezu olulodwa nje, kodwa kwaba khona isambulo lukhula kangaka temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, ezinye ababhali ayenzeki ngoba bonke ukuphila kwabo isikhathi eside. UNikolai Ostrovsky futhi inoveli yakhe "kanjani Steel Ingabe Omnene" phakade olotshwe umlando izincwadi Russian.