Ekuthuthukiseni ukuqeqeshwa ubuchwepheshe

Mayelana nomkhosi wokuhlanganisa olunzulu technologization inqubo yemfundo imibono eziphambili tetemfundvo nekucecesha wathatha indlela ubuchwepheshe. Omunye ubuchwepheshe ezivamile ethuthuka ukuqeqeshwa.

lezisekelo kwenqondo asathuthuka ukuqeqeshwa walungisiswa oluvelele sokusebenza kwengqondo yasekhaya LS Vygotsky. Waqale wembula ukuthuthukiswa kuqala ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa. Umumo ukuze umqondo wegama elithi "indawo yentuthuko proximal" Vygotsky sika ekuqeqesheni babe ngesisekelo ucwaningo eziningi ezingokwengqondo zemfundo, ucwaningo kwezemfundo.

Abalandeli usosayensi AN Leontiev, PY Halperin wazakhela ngokwengqondo imfundiso yokuziphendukela umsebenzi, lapho imibono Vygotsky BakaJehova babebizwa athuthukiswe. Ukuqaliswa zentuthuko nezemfundo emabangeni aphansi kwenziwa LV Zankova, futhi eminye DB El'konin futhi VV Davydov umkhuba izikole zokuhlola.

Amandla ukuthuthukisa lapho umuntu kusukela ekuzalweni. Nokho Ukuthuthukiswa kungenxa ezinye izindlela ufuzo, futhi imvelo kwezenhlalo kuyinto isici esibalulekile kumiswa ubuntu. Kuvele impahla ebalulekile umuntu - ukuzithiba, self - ukucutshungulwa lokuthuthukiswa kwabantu okwenzeka ifomu ngabanye. Inqubo ukuthuthukiswa esivela zesiteji futhi engalingani. ushintsho olumayelana nohlelo ubudala ukuchaza amathuba ukuthuthukiswa qualitative ambalwa.

Mayelana ukuthuthukiswa inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela imfundo zentuthuko, kwakuthiwe kwasikiselwa ukuthi ingane nge yobudala pre-school ekwazi ukuthola imiqondo eminingi evamile theory. Kulesi sici, kungase kuzenze zibe namandla kwengqondo ngokusebenzisa okuqukethwe impahla ezemfundo, lapho kuqala kunikezwa ekuthuthukiseni izinga theory.

Ubuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa kuhilela ukuxhumana uthisha nabafundi ngesisekelo umsebenzi ngokuhlanganyela-wokusakaza, ekutholeni iindlela ezihlukileko ukusombulula izinkinga zemfundo ingenhlangano inkhulumomphendvulwano ezemfundo nocwaningo kanye nomsebenzi ngokuhlola abafundi.

Ubuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa kuhilela ukushukuma onekhono kutjengisa ukusebenzela kuhle ingane njengoba ibonile ukuzithiba amakhono ukuzikala.

Ubuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa okusekelwe nomqondo wokuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa lososayensi wendawo (LV Zankov, VV Davydov, DB .Elkonin, zi Kalmikova, EN Kabanova, GA .Tsukerman, IS Yakimanskaya, G.K.Selevko nabanye) okuncike ezicini ezihlukahlukene kwezingane kanye izingxenye ezithile ugqozi.

Ngokwesibonelo, LV Zankov, VV Davydov, DB .Elkonin asekelwe ekuthuthukiseni asathuthuka ukuqeqeshwa imiqondo kwezinhloso zenzuzo yobuchopho. I.S.Yakimanskaya phambili isipiliyoni ngazinye ngazinye. G. Altshuller, I. volkov, Ivanov gxila izidingo okudala abafundi, futhi G.K.Selevko - ngezidingo self-ngcono. Kunoma ikuphi, ukuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa ubuchwepheshe ngokucabangela ingane njengoba isihloko ezimele yenqubo yokufunda, uxhumana njalo nezwe elingaphandle.

Esikhathini umkhuba esikole wathola enkulu ukusatshalaliswa ubuchwepheshe nokuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa L.V.Zankova DB Elkonin-Davydov.

izimiso Didactic asathuthuka ukuqeqeshwa L.V.Zankova:

- Izinga High nobunzima ne Ukushesha okukhulu kwezinguquko ukutadisha izinto zokufundisa.

- ulwazi theory libambe iqhaza lobuholi.

- Ukuthuthukisa ulwazi uaschimisya inqubo yokufunda.

- Ukuthuthukiswa jikelele bonke abafundi.

lezisekelo Didactic asathuthuka ukuqeqeshwa DB Elkonin-Davydov:

- Inhloso imfundo - kumiswa ukucabanga theory kanye ekufeni.

- Ekufundeni okuqukethwe obusa simiso imiqondo yesayensi, ngokusekelwe izindlela ezivamile nemisebenzi yokufunda.

- izici methodical - isethulo eziyinkinga yezinto ezibonakalayo. ezemfundo, ukusetshenziswa indlela imisebenzi yokufunda, inhlangano yomsebenzi collective-wokusakaza.