Engenayo alahlwayo - lena ... Inani engenayo alahlwayo. ingeniso kazwelonke alahlwayo

engenayo alahlwayo - kuyinkomba ephawula ubuhlobo nabanye izinkomba komnotho omkhulu we-GDP. Lolu hlu, ngaphezu ingeniso kazwelonke, kodwa kuhlanganisa: net womkhiqizo wakuleli futhi yengeniso. Njengoba amaphesenti engenayo alahlwayo siqu - singamaphesenti angu 71,5 womkhiqizo okhandwe (isibonelo, i-inkomba enjalo ephawulwe e-United States).

Ukubalwa engenayo alahlwayo

Bala imali kungaba ulula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele wazi izinkomba ezifana-GDP, ukwehla amacala, inani intela engaqondile, inzuzo nezinhlangano, net net isithakazelo futhi idividendi amaphesenti wamakhaya nezintela ngabanye kanye nezimali.

Ngu operation zezibalo ezilula (nekususa) kuyinto alahlwayo yengeniso. Lokhu kungenziwa emelelwa ifomula:

• PDI = GDP - AD - RH + A - PC - PP + DD + PD - IN - wezokuPhepha, lapho
  
  AO - ukwehla;
  KH - izintela engaqondile;
  D - engenayo etholwe umehluko algebraic imali elakhiwe phesheya yizakhamizi kanye non-izakhamizi kuleli zwe;
  PC - inzuzo corporations;
  PE - isithakazelo net;
  DD - izinzuzo etholwe makhaya;
  PD - Amaphesenti etholwe makhaya;
  IN - izintela ngabanye;
  SB - ukonga.

amagama asizayo

Uma ucabangela ahlobene inkomba indicatives kubhekwe kunesidingo ukucacisa okulandelayo.

Net womkhiqizo wakuleli etholwe ngokukhipha ukwehla kwentengo omkhiqizo futhi isibalo izintela ngokungaqondile, lokususa i-ezidlula ezithile uxhaso. Lesi sibalo idlula alahlwayo ingeniso kazwelonke.

yengeniso kuhlanganisa inani omholo ngaphambi kwentela ekhokhwa yibo. Kulokhu, yengeniso alahlwayo - isamba ke wathola ngemuva kokukhokha zonke izintela ngabanye. Ngakho, lesi sibalo yokugcina simele share GDP, etholwe isimo emakhaya imali kanye ukusetshenziswa zamanje.

Gross engenayo alahlwayo

Lokhu kuyinkomba amanani emakethe ilingana nenani lezinombolo ingqikithi kweSamba ingeniso kazwelonke ne ukwengeza ibhalansi Ukudluliselwa, okuyinto zihlobene ezahlukene non-ohlala noma ngobulili ukuze nabo ziyiminikelo iminikelo kanye zosizo. Ngakho, ke esiqongelela irekhodi lazo zonke izindawo imikhakha yezomnotho.

Inkomba elilandelayo - net alahlwayo ingeniso kazwelonke - umehluko phakathi kwesilinganiso langaphambilini, futhi ukusetshenziswa fixed capital. Ngokuvamile, ifomula kuba:

• CHRND = VRND - Pok.

Lokhu Macro ubonisa ukubaluleka lemali engenayo engasetshenziswa abahlali umbuso siqu ukusetshenziswa izindleko noma lihlehliselwe ukuze uthole.

Siqu ukusetshenziswa izindleko zihlanganisa zonke izindleko ezihlobene yokufuna izimpahla namasevisi okungukuthi imindeni, kanye nezindleko izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezahlukene kanye zikahulumeni engenzi-nzuzo, okuyinto banesibopho yesondlo yasendlini.

ukusatshalaliswa yesibili imali

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, zonke Macro kukhona ubuhlobo obuseduze nomunye futhi akhiwa ngokulandelana.

Ngakho, ukuhanjiswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo imali uqeda kumiswa engenayo alahlwayo, zilungiswe umongo emnothweni. Uhluka ukubaluleka esihambisanayo kweSamba inkomba Ukudluliselwa nomphakathi uhlobo. Ngo nokwakheka yokugcina iqukethe izinto ezilandelayo: nezinzuzo zezenhlalo, obonakaliswe uhlobo (isibonelo, izindleko ukunakekelwa kwezempilo yokuphepha komphakathi izimali); Ukukhiqizwa okungezona zokuhweba zikahulumeni nezinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo ukuthi ukukhonza emakhaya; imikhiqizo othengwe ngokuqondile abakhiqizi ukuze ahlinzeke ke emakhaya mahhala noma ngemali esisemthethweni.

Ukuqhathanisa Macro

Ngokuvamile, ubukhulu engenayo alahlwayo futhi kushintshwe iyafana nenkathi efanayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi aqondiswe ngokushesha eyenziwa imikhakha yezomnotho isimo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Ukudluliselwa nomphakathi uhlobo akufanele kuthinte amabhizinisi zezimali futhi okungezona yezimali.

Lokhu ukulungiswa wenziwa umongo emikhakheni emithathu ezinkulu emnothweni: imizi, izinhlangano okungamele ukuphathwa komphakathi kanye izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo ukuthi banesibopho yesondlo yasendlini.

Ngokuphathelene imikhakha sokuqondisa futhi engenzi-nzuzo izinhlangano zomphakathi okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, inani engenayo alahlwayo ilingana umehluko phakathi ukubaluleka ohambelana emkhakheni ngamunye kanye nenani Ukudluliselwa nomphakathi uhlobo.

engenayo olungisiwe emkhakheni yasendlini kungaba azimisele ngokungeza kwinani Inkomba kakade etholwe ezimbili zokugcina imikhakha ukudluliselwa.

interconnection amazinga

Lezi Macro kulesi sihloko kukhona timphawu tesakhiwo kohlelo lwama-akhawunti kazwelonke. Ngekusetjentiswa yabo ingafinyelela le migomo elandelayo:

• generalizing ukubala izinkomba kwezibalo agcwele ukusebenza kwezomnotho;
• ukufunda Dynamics izinkomba komnotho omkhulu;
• ukuhlaziya ngezabelo ezahlukene komnotho omkhulu.

Ngesisekelo ukumodeliswa izinqubo macroeconomic ubuhlobo engenayo alahlwayo kazwelonke kwezinye izinkomba of isimo umnotho. Ngakho iphethini kwakhiwa ingasetshenziswa ukuze bathethelele izinqumo zezimali nokuphathwa emazingeni ahlukene umnotho (micro-, meso- futhi macro-).

Inani engenayo alahlwayo

Kufinyeta obekuxoxwa kulesi sihloko, kufanele siphawule ukuthi alahlwayo ingeniso kazwelonke - iwumthombo engasetshenziswa ukudliwa siqu wamakhaya kanye nama-ejenti kahulumeni.