Ezahlukahlukene ukuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi izinguquko? Ubudlelwane kanye umehluko oyinhloko

Ezahlukahlukene ukuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi izinguquko? Lezi imiqondo ngomqondo kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe, kubhekwa njengento ngokuphelele njengosongo abese ephikisa. Igama elithi "ukuziphendukela kwemvelo" Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso zavela kancane kancane futhi okuqhubekayo, nakuba ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kokusanhlamvu lihlotshaniswa okushintshako emphakathini, ephelezelwa izindlela ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu impela olukhulu. Abanye call inguquko yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yashesha ke, isimiso, kuba into efanayo. Isintu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, has ukuthambekela ukukholelwa ukuhlakanipha zavela kancane kancane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu bajwayele nibhekane isidingo uthuthumele gqwa ezingase ngokushesha ukushintsha isimo emphakathini.

Shintsha: Evolution noma Revolution?

Mao Tse-tung ukuthi umbuso wezombusazwe ikhula aphume umgqomo isibhamu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso ngokuvamile kunjalo lapho uhlulekile ukulawula isimo. Leads inqubo, njengoba umthetho, umuntu sizungezwe neqembu elincane abangane omethembayo. kakhulu Inqubo ushintsho iba sincike ngabanye. Njengoba sokushintsha kwemvelo, bese umholi kumelwe athathe inkambo ushintsho ngaphambi kokuba yenze umholi eziwukweqisa. Iziphi izinguquko indlela efanele? Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abantu abaningi intuitively uthanda indlela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, akusiyo njalo ezifanele.

Interconnection imiqondo emibili okuphambene

Ezahlukahlukene ukuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi izinguquko? ukuziphatha Yabantu ngokuyinhloko kunqunywa izenzakalo ezidlule futhi nakho kunokuba lokho okuseza. Ukunweba leli umqondo wezinkinga yenhlangano, kungenzeka ukuhlonza eziningi izigaba, ngamunye oqala kwesikhathi ukuthuthukiswa ukukhula ukuzinza okuqhubekayo futhi, futhi iphela isikhathi izinguquko eziphawulekayo wamavukelambuso lwenhlangano uthuthumele. Umbuto kutsi kwesikhathi wamavukelambuso kwakulungile, futhi sinquma ukuthi isintu iphokophele phambili e isigaba saso esilandelayo sokukhula kwemvelo nokunye ukuthuthukiswa. Umniningwane ucabangela isihloko salokho yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezahlukene nokuthuthukiswa wamavukelambuso, kucatshangwa ukuthi kwemvelo - lena indlela evamile ukuqhubeka ezingeni ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo nangokomoya kohlaka jikelele isikhathi nendawo. Nokho, izinguquko ezithile emlandweni isintu kwakukhona wamavukelambuso ngempela, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi base soguquko kancane kancane. Kule ndaba, kungaba bazitshela ukuthi kwaba nombhikisho kungenzeka Yiqiniso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, futhi ngeke nje kubonakale njengendlela kunonophisa luhlelo, kubhekwe igxathu elikhulu eliya phambili.

kwemvelo

Amasiko umphakathi ziye zashintsha ukusuka kokulula kuya kokulukhuni, kusukela savagery ngokusebenzisa ubuqaba emphakathini. Into enjengale intuthuko, buye baba ingxenye ebalulekile kwemvelo. Uye waba yini ubunjalo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ekukhuleni komphakathi? Ukuthuthukiswa organic, okubandakanya uchungechunge izinguquko ahlobene indlela ethile. Evolution - uchungechunge imihlola ezihlobene okuhloswe ngazo ushintsho. Le nqubo inguquko okuqhubekayo kusukela sezingeni leliphasi kuya ephakeme futhi nzima njengoba ukwenyuka kancane lokulawula kwabantu imvelo.

revolution

I onobuhlakani wokuvukela umbuso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kubonakala noshintsho olusheshayo, impela nje, noma ngokuphelele, kube reorientation eziyisisekelo nokuhlela kabusha. Lolu shintsho eliyisisekelo enhlanganweni zezombusazwe noma uhulumeni, elilahla umthethosisekelo noma kokugumbuqelwa unscheduled ngombusi nezinye. Inguquko kungasho ukusetshenzisa yesenzo kokubili enobudlova futhi engenalo udlame. Lokhu ngokujulile izinguquko qualitative ekuthuthukiseni imihlola ezihlukahlukene nemvelo, nomphakathi kanye nolwazi. Ukuphendula umbuzo ngalokho ukuthuthukiswa ezahlukene kwemvelo nokunye wamavukelambuso, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lesi ekunqanyulweni ngokushesha zavela kancane kancane, ne ekuhlephuleni cardinal ubudala. Umlando ubonisa ukuthi kuzuba enjalo ngokuvamile kwenza umuntu abuyele Ukwehla ekuthuthukisweni.

Uye waba yini ubunjalo ukuziphendukela kwemvelo emphakathini?

Ngokombono izazi zemvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu nabanye ososayensi, isiko sisonke eba ngendlela umfaniswano kanye ezithuthukayo. Abagqugquzeli bemfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ngokusekelwe imfundiso kaDarwin yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye kwemvelo, wafuna umsuka wezimfundiso isiko ngokusebenzisa isikhathi. Kukholakala ukuthi izinkampani eziningi zidlule uchungechunge izigaba ezithile zentuthuko. Uye waba yini nohlobo ukuziphendukela kwemvelo? Omunye izikimu ezihlongozwayo isazi sefilosofi Lakho ekhulwini le-18 babegqoka izigaba ezintathu: abazingeli (wildness), pastoralism (ubuqaba) nempucuko. Lesi sigaba ngezigaba kwemvelo, kusukela bakudala ukuze ophucukile, luyisisekelo imibono emisha ye-Social izazi zokuziphendukela kwemvelo yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Kususelwa Darwin futhi ubufakazi kwamasiko, umlando nemivubukulo, ezenhlalo, theorists yokuziphendukela kwemvelo udale uhlelo imbangi jikelele intuthuko kwezenhlalo namasiko, njengoba babechaza umsuka ezikhungweni ezahlukene. Lezi zihlanganisa inkolo, umshado nomkhaya. Kufinyeta bonke ngenhla, singasho ukuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo emphakathini kuyinto ushintsho ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa kancane kancane kohlelo olukhona, njengoba kuqhathaniswa izinyathelo wamavukelambuso, ngawo kukhona esikhundleni okuphelele noma okuyingxenye ye-oda ekhona.