Ezenhlalakahle kanye nemvelo kumuntu. Ifilosofi: inkinga yokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalakahle kumuntu

Ukuthuthukiswa komuntu nomphakathi kufakwe isimo sezenhlalakahle ekwakheni ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu ngabanye. Imvelo yesintu isekelwe ezimisweni zenhlalo, okubonakala emisebenzini yengqondo, yamasiko kanye nenhlalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu akufanele anciphise isici sabantu abaphila ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, eziqale zisinika amandla ezakhi zofuzo. Phakathi kwabo, umuntu angakwazi ukuhlukanisa izifiso zokusinda, uqhubeke ne-genus futhi ugcine inzalo.

Ngisho noma sicabanga ngokuphila komuntu ngokwemvelo nangomphakathi, kufanele futhi siqaphele izinto ezidingekayo zokuxabana okubangelwa imvelo emibili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusekhona indawo yokuhlanganiswa kwezilimi, okuvumela izifiso eziningi ukuhlala phakathi komuntu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuyisifiso sokuqinisekisa amalungelo omuntu ngamunye nokuthula jikelele, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi - ukulwa izimpi nokwenza ubugebengu.

Izici zezenhlalakahle neziphilayo

Ukuqonda izinkinga zobuhlobo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalakahle kubalulekile ukuba wazi kangcono izici eziyisisekelo zombili zomuntu. Kulokhu, sikhuluma ngezici ze-anthropogenesis. Ngokuqondene nesisekelo sezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhali nobuchopho, ukuqonda, kanye nokukwazi ukukhuluma. Phakathi kwezici ezibalulekile zomphakathi kukhona umsebenzi, ukukhulumisana, ukuziphatha, kanye nomsebenzi ohlangene.

Kakade ngesisekelo sezizathu ezingenhla, kungaphetha ngokuthi ubunye bezinto eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalakahle kumuntu akuvunyelwe kuphela, kodwa futhi bukhona ngokomzimba. Enye into yokuthi lokhu akusho neze ukuqeda ukuphikisana okumele kubhekane nakho emazingeni ahlukene epilo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukubaluleka komsebenzi, okwakungenye yezici eziyinhloko ekwenzeni ukwakheka komuntu wanamuhla. Ngalesi sibonelo, ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlangano ezimbili ezibonakala eziphambene kubonakala ngokucacile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulunga kwakhulula isandla futhi kwenza umsebenzi usebenze ngokwengeziwe, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi - ukusebenzisana okuhlangene kuvunyelwe ukwandisa amathuba okuqoqa ulwazi nolwazi.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhlalakahle yomphakathi kanye neyayimvelo yasungulwa ngokusondelene, okuyinto, okwenziwe, ayizange ihlanganise ukungqubuzana. Ukuze uqonde kangcono izingxabano zalolu hlobo kuzuzisa ukufunda okuningi mayelana nemibono emibili ekuqondeni lokho okushiwo umuntu.

Umqondo wezinto eziphilayo

Ngokusho kwalolu phuzu, isisekelo somuntu, ngisho nokubonakaliswa kwayo kwezenhlalakahle, sakhiwe ngaphansi kwethonya lemigomo yezofuzo neziphilayo zokuthuthukiswa. Ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabalandeli balo mqondo yi-sociobiology, echaza umsebenzi wabantu abanamapharamitha okuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nemvelo. Ngokuhambisana nalesi sikhundla, i-biological kanye nezenhlalakahle empilweni yomuntu kufana nesimo sethonya lokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izici zethonya nazo zihambisana nezilwane - isibonelo, izici ezifana nokuvikelwa kwekhaya, ukuhlukumezeka nokuzidela, ukukhetha ukuhambisana nokunamathela emithethweni yokuziphatha ngokocansi kugcizelelwe.

Kulesi sigaba sokuthuthukiswa, i-sociobiology izama ukuxazulula izinkinga zomphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokubheka kwemvelo. Ngokuyinhloko, abameleli bale ndawo babhala njengezinto ezibangela inkululeko nomthwalo womuntu ngamunye, ukubaluleka kokunqoba inkinga yemvelo, ukulingana njll. Nakuba umqondo wezinto eziphilayo ungomunye wemisebenzi esemqoka ehlose ukugcina i-gene pool yamanje, inkinga yokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo nezenhlalo Ngomuntu, okuvezwe ngemibono yokulwa nomuntu we-sociobiology. Phakathi kwazo kukhona imibono yokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanga ngegunya lokuphakama, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokukhethwa kwemvelo njengethuluzi lokulwa nokukhuphuka komnotho.

Umqondo womphakathi

Ngokumelene nomqondo ochazwe ngenhla kukhona abamele imibono yezenhlalo, eqinisekisa ukubaluleka kokubaluleka kokuqala komphakathi. Kumele kuqashelwe ngokushesha ukuthi, ngokuhambisana nalomqondo, umphakathi ubeka phambili kunomuntu ngamunye.

Lo mbono wezinto eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalakahle ekuthuthukiseni komuntu kuvezwe kakhulu ekufundeni indima yebuntu kanye nokuhlelwa kwesakhiwo. Kulezi zindawo, ngendlela, ochwepheshe bezenhlalakahle, ifilosofi, izilimi, izifundo zamasiko, i-ethnography kanye nezinye iziyalo zisebenza.

Abalandeli bokuhlelwa kwemvelo bakholelwa ukuthi umuntu uyisisekelo esiyinhloko samaphakheji akhona namasistimu angaphansi kwezenhlalakahle. Umphakathi ngokwawo awubonakaliswa ngabantu abangena kuwo, kodwa njengengxube ebuhlotsheni kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwezakhi zomuntu ngamunye wesistimu. Ngakho-ke, ukuzikhethela kuthathwa ngumphakathi.

Okungathandeki kakhulu yimbono yendima, echaza izinto eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalakahle kumuntu. Ifilosofi kulesi sikhundla ibheka ukubonakaliswa kwabantu njengento yonke yezenhlalo zayo zomphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imithetho yomphakathi, amasiko namagugu isebenza njengamaphuzu okubhekisela ezenzweni zabantu ngabanye. Inkinga ngale ndlela yindlela yokuqapha kuphela ukuziphatha kwabantu ngaphandle kokucabangela izici zezwe labo langaphakathi.

Ukuqonda inkinga ukusuka ekubukeni kwengqondo

Phakathi kwezinkolelo ezithintekayo ezenzweni zenhlalo kanye neziphilayo, ingqondo ye-psychoanalysis ihlezi phansi, ngaphakathi lapho umbono wesithathu wezinto ezisemqoka womuntu usuhlelile. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi kulokhu umgomo we-psychic ubeka kuqala. Umsunguli we-theory nguSigmund Freud, owayekholelwa ukuthi noma yisiphi isisusa somuntu kanye nesenzo esiqanjiwe singalazi lutho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isayensi yezenhlalo kanye nezenhlalakahle kumuntu ososayensi akazange abheke njengezinhlangano ezakha ubunye. Isibonelo, yena wathi izici zomphakathi zomsebenzi zenziwa ohlelweni lokuvimbela amasiko olwenqabela nendima yokungazi lutho.

Abalandeli bakaFreud bahlakulela inkolelo yeqoqo elihlangene, lapho ukuhlaselwa okubhekene nezimo zenhlalo sekuvele kulandelwe. Ngokusho kwabadali be-theory, lokhu kungqimba olujulile lwama-psychic lapho kutholakala khona izithombe ezingezansi. Esikhathini esizayo, umqondo wokungazi kahle komphakathi wasungulwa, ngokuvumelana nalokho okushiwo umbono weqoqo lezinhlamvu eziyingqayizivele yamalungu emphakathini. Kodwa-ke, inkinga yezinto eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalakahle kumuntu ngokombono we-psychoanalysis akubonwanga ngisho nakancane. Abalobi bomqondo kanye nobumbano obunobunye bemvelo, ezenhlalo nezengqondo azizange zicatshangelwe. Futhi lokhu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubudlelwano bezenhlalakahle bukhula ngokuhlanganiswa okungafaniki kwalezi zici.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Biosocial yomuntu

Njengomthetho, zonke izincazelo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalakahle njengoba izici ezibaluleke kakhulu kumuntu zigxeka kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akunakwenzeka ukunikeza iqembu elilodwa kuphela lezici ekubunjweni komuntu nomphakathi, ukungazinaki omunye. Ngakho, kubonakala kunengqondo ukubheka umuntu njengomuntu we-biosocial.

Ukuxhuma kwezimiso ezimbili eziyisisekelo kulokhu kugcizelela ithonya labo jikelele ekuthuthukiseni umuntu nomphakathi. Kwanele ukunikeza isibonelo usana olungahlinzeka ngakho konke okudingekayo ukuze kugcinwe isimo somzimba, kodwa ngaphandle komphakathi, ngeke abe ngumuntu ogcwele. Ukuphela kwesilinganiso esihle kakhulu sezinto eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalakahle kumuntu kungamenza ilungu eligcwele lomphakathi wanamuhla.

Ngaphandle kwezimo zomphakathi, izici eziphilayo kuphela azikwazi ukwakha ubuntu bomuntu kusuka kwengane. Kunesinye sezici zethonya lomphakathi esihlokweni sezinto eziphilayo, esiqukethe ukwanelisa izidingo eziyisisekelo zemvelo ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo zomphakathi zomsebenzi.

Omunye angabheka futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-biosocial kumuntu ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela okuyisisekelo sakhe. Ukubaluleka kwezici zomphakathi nezamasiko, izimo zemvelo zemvelo nazo zingena eziningana zezici eziyinhloko. Ngokuqondile ngokusebenzisana okuphilayo okuhlangene nokuphila kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalakahle kumuntu. Ngamafuphi, izidingo zezinto eziphilayo ezihambisana nokuphila komphakathi zingaboniswa ngokufishane ngokuqhubeka komzimba, ukudla, ukulala nokunye.

Umqondo wokubaluleka komphakathi

Lona omunye wemibono eshiya izindawo ezilinganayo ukucubungula kokubili izakhi zomuntu. Ngokuvame ukubhekwa njengomqondo wokubaluleka komphakathi, lapho inhlanganisela ephilayo yezinto eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalakahle kumuntu, kanye nasemphakathini, kungenzeka. Abadlali bale mbono babheka umuntu njengomuntu wezenhlalakahle lapho zonke izici nemithetho yenkundla yemvelo zigcinwa khona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalakahle ebuntwini bomuntu aziphikisana, kepha zifaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni kwayo. Ochwepheshe abaphiki ithonya lanoma yiziphi izici zentuthuko futhi bavame ukuzivumelanisa ngokufanele nesithombe sonke somuntu.

Inkinga yezenhlalakahle

Isikhathi somphakathi wezokuthungatha izimboni asikwazi ukushiya lokho okushiwo yizinyathelo zomsebenzi womuntu, ngaphansi kwe-prism okuyinto indima yezici zokuziphatha ezishintshayo. Uma ngaphambi komphakathi nomuntu kudala kwakhiwa kakhulu ngaphansi kwethonya labasebenzi, izimo zokuphila zanamuhla, ngeshwa, zinciphisa imizamo yomzimba engxenyeni yomuntu.

Ukuvela kwezindlela ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kukhipha izidingo kanye namakhono emvelo, okuholela ekuhlukeni phakathi kwemigomo yomphakathi kanye nezidingo ezibalulekile zomuntu ngamunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amalungu omphakathi ayanda kakhulu ekucindezelweni komphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isilinganiso sezinto eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalakahle kumuntu sihlala ezingeni elifanayo ezindaweni lapho kunethonya elincane lezobuchwepheshe endleleni nendlela yokuphila.

Izindlela zokunqoba ukungezwani

Emkhakheni wokunqoba izingxabano phakathi kwezinqubo eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalakahle , izinsizakalo zamanje nezokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda. Kulokhu, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ngokuphambene nalokho, idlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yomphakathi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ekukhuleni okuzayo kwezinto ezikhona kanye nokuvela kwezidingo ezintsha zomuntu kungenzeka, ukuze ukwaneliswe yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zemisebenzi ezizodingwa ukuze kuvunyelwe ukusebenza kahle kwamandla engqondo nomzimba womuntu.

Kulesi simo, inhlalakahle yezenhlalakahle kanye nemvelo kumuntu ubumbene nensizakalo yesevisi. Isibonelo, ngenkathi ugcina ubuhlobo obuseduze nabanye abameleli bomphakathi, umuntu usebenzisa imishini ebangela ukuba alulame ngokomzimba. Ngakho-ke, akukho mbuzo wokuyeka ukuthuthukiswa kokubili izici zokuziphatha komuntu. Izici zentuthuko ziguquke kanye nenhloso uqobo.

Inkinga yokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalakahle kumuntu

Phakathi nobunzima obuyinhloko ekucatshangweni kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezenhlalakahle kumuntu, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ukungabikho komsebenzi wezinye zezimo zokuziphatha. Ukubukwa ngokweqile ngokubaluleka komuntu kuvimbela ukubona izinkinga ezivela ekuphikisaneni ngezici ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa. Kuze kube manje, ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukucabangela ukuthi abantu bezenhlalakahle bephila kanjani ngokweqile. Ngenxa yale ndlela, izinkinga eziyinhloko zokuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinhlangano ezimbili zikhonjisiwe - lezi zimpikiswano ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemisebenzi yomphakathi, empilweni yomuntu siqu, njll. Isibonelo, ingqalasizinda yezinto eziphilayo ingakwazi ukunqoba endabeni yokuncintisana - ngenkathi umphakathi , Ngokuphambene nalokho, kudinga ukugcwaliseka kwemisebenzi yendalo kanye nokufuna ukungahambisani.

Isiphetho

Naphezu kwentuthuko enkulu yesayensi ezindaweni eziningi, imibuzo ye-anthropogenesis engxenyeni enkulu ingaphenduliwe. Kunoma yikuphi, akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi yiliphi inani elithatha isifo semvelo kanye nomphakathi kumuntu. I-Philosophy iphinde ibhekane nezici ezintsha zokutadisha le nkinga, ebonakala kungemuva kwezinguquko zanamuhla kumuntu nomphakathi. Kodwa kukhona amanye amaphuzu wokuguqulwa. Isibonelo, kusobala ukuthi izinqubo zokuziphendukela kwezinto eziphilayo kanye namasiko ziyahlangana ndawonye. Kuqondene nokuxhumeka kwezakhi zofuzo kanye namasiko, kodwa ukubaluleka kwabo akufani. Indima eyinhloko isabelwe isakhi, okuba imbangela enkulu yezisusa nezenzo ezenziwe ngumuntu.