I-Mysteries of Mars

Mars - iyona iplanethi owesine kusuka elangeni. Ibanga ukusuka emzimbeni wasezulwini - 227,9 amakhilomitha. Mars, kungenxa nombala nokugqwala-bomvu ubizwa nangokuthi Iplanethi Ebomvu, iseduze Earth. Venus is closer ke kithi kuphela.

Humanity uyazi mayelana Mars isikhathi eside. "Fire Star" waba okukhulunywa ngayo ngokuphindaphindiwe emiBhalweni zemihla yamaShayina yasendulo. Sekuyisikhathi eside Space kube nabo abantu Umhlaba okucwaningwe ngokuphelele. Nokho, naphezu eziningi izindiza ethunyelwe Mars izimfihlakalo zale mbulunga e iningi futhi ezingaxazululeki.

I ukuziphikisa of Iplanethi Ebomvu

Sekungamashumi eminyaka ososayensi unesithakazelo imfihlakalo Mars elihlobene ne nesimo sendawo yayo engavamile. Iqiniso liwukuthi phakathi ama- yasenyakatho naseningizimu umzimba cosmic, kukhona umehluko omkhulu. Eyokuqala yalezi iyindawo abushelelezi eyodwa bangathola ezisesimisweni sethu sikanozungezilanga. sezwe Its ongaphakeme futhi flat. Ososayensi babonisa ukuthi lesi uhlamvu kwamiswa bedle amanzi angaphezulu, esiningi okwakukhona lapha eminyakeni eminingi edlule.

Kodwa Nenkabazwe eningizimu, ngokungafani kuya eNyakatho eligcwele ngokuphelele asemigodini letingemasayizi lahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto ephakeme nge-avareji ka 4-8 amakhilomitha. Ingabe ososayensi conjecture izizathu ekumiseni sendawo obungajwayelekile, lokukhulunywa ngako kulendzaba impendulo imfihlakalo Mars? NASA, isifundo ehola asebenzayo we Iplanethi Ebomvu, asikisela ukuthi lezi umehluko kungenteka okubangwa "ukuqhuma kwamabhomu cosmic" izinto ezincane noma ukuwa elisemkhathini giant ukuthi kwenzeka esikhathini eside esidlule. Nokho, kuze kube manje akekho ongachaza ngokucacile isizathu umehluko onjalo enkulu nesimo sendawo we ama- Mars.

Umehluko yobudala

Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi kuyinto 3305 Mars asemigodini kusukela emkhathini wabanjwa phezu, ububanzi eyeqa 30 km. Abaningi kakhulu kubo (3068) itholakala eNingizimu Nenkabazwe. 237 kuphela asemigodini atholakala engxenyeni engezansi iplanethi. Leli qiniso kufakazela babengalingani ngeminyaka ye ama- ezimbili. Lokho kuyingxenye South Mars ingaphezu lasendulo, futhi North - abasha.

Methane emkhathini

Yimaphi amanye izimfihlakalo nabo cosmic NASA ososayensi bethu abasebenza? Mars imfihlakalo incazelo ocacile of engasekelwa etholwe kuze kube manje, siphathelene khona methane ekhona emkhathini we iplanethi Red. Emhlabeni le gesi kungekho nto enemibala emihle, okuyinto hydrocarbon elula ezivezwa biogenic. Khona kanye ukubukeka kwawo ukuthuthukisa izinqubo kwamakhemikhali kanye nenguquko amakhemikhali organic compounds. Ngakho, umthombo obalulekile methane emhlabeni kuyinto biogenic fermenting umquba isisindo bovines. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ezesayensi, methane emkhathini we-Mars kungaba khona ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu namashumi kuphela. Okungukuthi, ngokuvumelana imiqondo yethu yasemhlabeni igesi on Mars akufanele kube nje. Noma kunjalo, likhona emkhathini Mars, futhi izinto eziningi ezinkulu ngokwanele. Lapho, wangena kuso? It lisikisela ukuthi impendulo imfihlakalo Mars itholakala umsebenzi wayo wokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo. Nokho, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi le nqubo amayunithi ucwaningo, wavakashela Iplanethi Ebomvu, watholakala. Ngakho ukuthi ukufuna uyaqhubeka umthombo methane.

Ingabe kukhona namanzi on Mars?

Ngokusekelwe sendawo of Iplanethi Ebomvu, ososayensi babonisa ukuthi uma ayenakho lonke olwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha engaqondile etholwe kumasathelayithi ucwaningo, singaphetha ngokuthi esikhathini esidlule on Mars wagijima yonke ukugeleza kwamanzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, on Mars asemkhathini ezikuci- silondoloze isimo liquid ndaba. Kodwa ngakolunye - ezithombeni bezindiza emithambekeni amagquma iplanethi kuyabonakala umugqa ewumngcingo umbala omnyama ukuthi bayocabanga ukudlula amanzi usawoti lapha isizini entwasahlobo.

Ukuvulwa lososayensi

US ejensi NASA Mars wavula imfihlakalo mayelana khona namanzi kuso. Lokhu 9/28/2015, abameleli bakhe wathi esithangamini sabezindaba, ngokukhethekile bahlangana kulesi senzakalo. Lesi senzakalo samenyezelwa kuyo ukusakaza kuwebhusayithi le nhlangano futhi siphile NASA Ithelevishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushicilelwa imiphumela esemqoka omhlangano uvele Nature Geoscience.

Isiphetho eyinhloko umcimbi owawusedolobheni yokuthi NASA ukuchaza imfihlakalo Mars. Ososayensi nhlangano ithe on Mars kukhona okunosawoti amanzi notshwala uketshezi egqoke kwesizini. zokwakheka Okufanayo kwenzeka ngenkathi efudumele futhi bayocasha abandayo.

Ososayensi baye libike ukuthi NASA obungagutshuzelwe imfihlakalo Mars ngenxa yi azungeza Mars satellite eliphezulu izithombe. Idatha banikezwe:

- planetologist main NASA - Dzhimom Grinom;

- umcwaningi eziholayo Iplanethi Ebomvu - Michael Meyer;

- Ososayensi base-California Research Center - Mary Bet Vilgelm;

- ososayensi kusukela Georgia, abasebenza Institute of Technology - Luhendra Ojha;

- onguchwepheshe induna amathuluzi esayensi wase-University of Arizona - Elisabeth Makyunom.

Ukuze afakazele ukuthi ukuvezwa imfihlakalo eyinhloko Mars, ososayensi baye badela umphakathi indlela ekhethekile eyayibenza uthole esinembile ukuhlaziywa Spectral yezithombe. Ngenxa yalokho zocwaningo etholwe kobufakazi ukuthi ashone nosawoti amanzi amaningi (perchlorate). Ezinye zalezi compounds uvumele uketshezi, hhayi kwi freezer ngisho ezingeni lokushisa degrees ayisikhombisa Celsius. Ososayensi ngaphambilini wathola perchlorates on Mars, kodwa ifomu yabo hydrated okokuqala.

Inhloso isithombe

Ngokusho incazelo ososayensi NASA, emithambekeni amagquma Mars ngezikhathi avele aphele amanzi usawoti ukusakaza. Ububanzi yabo esiphezulu ifinyelela ngamamitha amahlanu. I abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi perchlorates on Mars zitholakala kuphela kulezo zindawo lapho ukugeleza okunosawoti emfuleni. Ngisho iminonjana ku izigaba angomakhelwane yalezi compounds kutholakele.

Umbuzo ka-ukuphila

Izimfihlo Mars sisangiphatha kabi izingqondo isintu. Futhi main wabo khona ku Iplanethi Ebomvu nezidalwa. Konke lokhu kwaqala ngo-1877 lapho sezinkanyezi Italian Giovanni Skiparelli lonke simiso oqondile yokudlulisela imigqa zitholiwe, okuyinto kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi "emiseleni Mars." Kusukela kulo mzuzwana imfihlakalo eyinhloko Mars waqala ukuphetha ekuphenduleni lo mbuzo: "Ingabe kukhona ukuphila okukuwo?" Abalobi Futhi yesayensi ibeke khona ku Iplanethi Ebomvu impucuko ezinengqondo.

Kamuva, kwadalulwa lotawulungisa wabonakalisa ngezimanga yokuthi Mars ibanda kakhulu futhi ezomile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nomkhathi wawo kakhulu dolled phezulu kuka Emhlabeni. Iziteshi kwakungafanele ningi than kohliso optical, okuyinto kuphakama lapho ucabangela amaplanethi ngokusebenzisa isibonakude.

Ngithemba ukuthola nabo emkhathini ekugcineni gu 1965, lapho i-probe "Mariner 4" adluliselwa Umhlaba ifanekisela ebusweni ezingaphili. Khona-ke kubonakala sengathi umbuzo bokuba khona ukuphila Mars setha iphuzu ngokugqamile. Nokho, iminyaka eyishumi nanye ngaphambi Iplanethi Ebomvu ithole iyunithi kusuka "amaViking" chungechunge. Khona-ke ososayensi waqaphela ukuthi umbuzo ukuphila on Mars kungenziwa babhekwa isivuliwe futhi. Ngemva kwalokho izifundo ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali umsebenzi inhlabathi izingqimba eziye zatholakala amangqamuzana angokwemvelo ka methyl chloride futhi methylene chloride phezu izithombe wathola imfundo, efana imibhede emfuleni omisiwe nokunye .. Konke lokhu kubangelwa eziningi ukuphikisana mpikiswano ukuthi uyaqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku.

Amacebo sokucwaninga ngokwengeziwe Iplanethi Ebomvu

Mars izimfihlo siqhubeke kudalulwe. Ngemva NASA yembula khona kwezwe amanzi anosawoti, sesiye okufushane ngempela ozwakalayo wokuthi ukuphila kuso. US ejensi uthembise ngisho ukuthola isiqinisekiso lokhu muva nje eminyakeni 10-20 esilandelayo. Lokhu umhlahlo ukuthi ezashiwo 07.04.2015, usosayensi induna NASA Ellen Stofan. Futhi kakade, 15/05/2015, Agency yamemezela umsebenzi ngokushesha NASA - ukulethwa indoda ku-Mars.

Okwamanje, ekusebenta lasihlanu iziteshi phezu umakhelwane umzila wokuzungeza komhlaba. Ezintathu kuzo run by NASA. Futhi e-US ilungiselela ukuthumela laboratories ezimbili zesayensi. Qala owokuqala ozoba ngoMashi 2016 Umsebenzi yalesi laboratory zihlanganisa ukutadisha isakhiwo Iplanethi Ebomvu kugcwele ku-imitha amahlanu ukujula, kanye ukusatshalaliswa lokushisa kuzo. Ukwethulwa kwe-laboratory yesibili ehleliwe 2020. It has ukuqoqa yonke idatha ezidingekayo ukuthi oyokwenziwa nga-2030-yalolucwaningo inabasebenzi ohambweni esikhaleni yethu umakhelwane. Ngokusho izibalo kwangaphambilini indlela osomkhathi nhlangothi zombili Kuzothatha izinsuku mayelana anamakhulu mahlanu.

"Izimpethu Glass"

Kungenzeka ukuthi indiza kuzovumela osomkhathi ukumambula nezinye izimfihlo eziningi Mars. Omunye wabo kukhona izinto ongaqondakali, lapho abacwaningi ukubiza "ingilazi amashubhu", "ingilazi imigudu" noma "ingilazi izimpethu."

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi zonke wabo - lokhu kuwumphumela wokuphila on Mars esikhathini eside esadlulako. Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi izinto ijabulise ziveza ukukhanya futhi iyefana perforated imigudu, amapayipi noma giant emhlabeni worm.

kungenzeka ukuphahlazeka

Yiziphi ezinye izimfihlo Mars vusa isintu? Kuze kube manje, ososayensi cha phikisa yokuthi Iplanethi Ebomvu wayenamandla hydrosphere kanye nomkhathi. Kusolwa ukuthi zaziphonswa emkhathini ngenxa yale nhlekelele. Imibono kanye ososayensi abavumelana lokuthi Mars kanye kwaba olwenzeka endaweni ezimanzi futhi kuqhathaniswa efudumele efanelekayo amafomu eliphakeme lempilo.

Njengoba izimbangela inhlekelele ngokuthi okuya ku asteroyidi iplanethi ezintathu omkhulu. Kusolwa ukuthi kuvela kubo futhi imigodi yezintaba-mlilo kwakhiwa kokuba ububanzi elikhulu phakathi zokwakheka ezifanayo emhlabeni zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Phakathi kwabo:

- Ellada kokuba ububanzi 2,000 km;

- Isis - 1000 km;

- Argir, okuyinto has a ububanzi of 630 km.

Kusolwa ukuthi asteroyidi zinkulu kakhulu isikhala doti. I ububanzi imayelana 100, 50, kanye km 36. Ososayensi baye basungula, futhi ngalesi sigemegeme. Ngokusho idatha ivela Iplanethi Ebomvu, isukela eminyakeni 17 kuya kwezingu-600 edlule.

sphinx Mars

Abagqugquzeli bokuphila ku Iplanethi Ebomvu ukubeka phambili ekusekeleni inguqulo yakhe izithombe kumiswa ongaziwa ukuthi sifana ubuso sowesifazane. Bakhandwa etholwe kudala njengoba 1976 Kodwa phakathi kwezwe inyumba le planethi efana isithombe sithathwe njengoba play oluyinqaba ukukhanya nasethunzini. ososayensi kamuva kuphela, ngosizo uhlelo olukhethekile lwe-computer, anda isithombe. Ngenxa yaleli 'ubuso' isibukelwe ngokucacile ezingasho aluthola izici zobuntu.

Yiqiniso, akekho oye ochithiwe imithetho okungenzeka theory, owawuthi play yokukhanya nezithunzi kungabangela ukubukeka kwanoma yimuphi umfanekiso. Nokho, kulula ukuhlola. Phela, uma wena ushintshe ukukhanyisa isiqondiso, umphumela ofanayo uzonyamalala ngokushesha. Nokho, izithombe iziteshi isikhala ezisebenza omise ezahlukene emzileni Mars, ibonisa ukuthi "Sphinx". Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakhiwa ikhompyutha stereo wanika imiphumela emangalisayo. Umgexo, amakhala kanye nezinye amaphuzu okwakubhekwa njengokungcolile ezinomsindo, ingabe usekhona. Kulokhu, nekhompyutha ezazingaqhamuka ukubonwa wabafundi balo samehlo namazinyo emlonyeni kancane evulekile.

imibhoshongo

Mars - iplanethi, izimfihlo zazo namuhla kuze kube sekupheleni futhi hhayi wachazela yisintu. Phakathi kwabo futhi izakhiwo okuyimfihlakalo efana iphiramidi. Basuke uhlukane Sphinx kuya ibanga amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa futhi ukumela "idolobha". Ngokusho idatha etholwe kusukela izithombe nje kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe 11. nje Kulezi osayizi ezine ezinkulu futhi eziyisikhombisa ezincane. Ososayensi abaningi abalibheki ukuba kube umphumela mlilo noma enye inqubo yemvelo. Iqiniso lokuthi ifomu ezitholakala kuyi-Mars Pyramids lesifanele kakhulu. Sinenkosi ezintathu, ezine noma eziyisihlanu ubuso nge imiphetho ebukhali futhi vertices. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phezu emithambekeni ye lezi zokwakheka azikho iminonjana lava notshwala. Ayikho futhi Crater.

izinhlelo Modern computer wathola phakathi kwemigqa mbhoshongo iqonde, okusikhumbuza komgwaqo, kanye endaweni eyinqaba isiyingi. Imicabango kanye nobukhulu amaphiramidi. I enkulu babo, ise "idolobha" emathunjini omhlaba idlula mbhoshongo Cheops cishe kayishumi.

City on Mars?

Injongo kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe on Mars ucishe kucace kulabo ososayensi, abathi esikhathini esidlule lapho babe nokuphila. Kodwa "Umbuthano", ububanzi - a ikhilomitha, ungakwazi baphikise Ad Infinitum. Kuyini lokhu?

Polygon noma spaceport, ugcwele wentaba noma lab, lokhu namafutha? Noma mhlawumbe, lo mbuthano ndawo emaphakathi zalo muzi? abacwaningi abaningi wayeka ku inketho yokugcina, esekelwe inani elikhulu bebuthanela ukuze kulelizinga imigqa eqondile noma "umgwaqo".