Ibhande Seismic Zomhlaba. Amagama izingxenye zokuzamazama komhlaba Zomhlaba

Seismic Umhlaba zone - indawo lapho ohlanganisa amapuleti lithospheric ezakha iplanethi. Isici esiyinhloko salezi izifunda luyanda ukuhamba, okuyinto ungaboniswa ukuzamazama komhlaba njalo, kanye khona nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa ukuqhuma impahla. Ngokuvamile, lezi zindawo Zomhlaba ngilulekela ngoba izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ubude. Phakathi naso sonke lesi ibanga usukela enkulu ingxabano uqweqwe. Uma yokhalo ezinjalo kuba phansi ekujuleni kolwandle, kubukeka sengathi umshushuluzo sredneokeanichesky.

Igama lanamuhla elithi izingxenye zokuzamazama komhlaba Zomhlaba

Ngokusho ezivamile theory womhlaba, manje emhlabeni kukhona ezimbili indawo enkulu yokuzamazama. Lezi zihlanganisa i-latitude ukuthi itholakala eduze nenkabazwe, kanti eyesibili - the meridians, ngokulandelana, perpendicular sangaphambilini. Eyokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi Trans-Mediterranean futhi kwaqala kuthatha Gulf, kanye nephuzu phakathi ifinyelela i-Atlantic Ocean. Eyesibili ubizwa ngokuthi meridional Pacific, kanye ngiyibamba kutfotjelwa igama labo. Kuyinto kulezi zindawo has umsebenzi eliphakeme zokuzamazama komhlaba. Kube kufanele zabo endaweni idwala, kanye njalo nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo. Uma idatha amabhande zokuzamazama komhlaba we-Earth kumephu emhlabeni, kuba sobala ukuthi nokuqhuma iwela ingxenye kwamanzi kakhulu kule planethi yethu.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke zokhahlamba emhlabeni

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi amaphesenti angu-80 ukuzamazama komhlaba nokuqhuma kwezintabamlilo ewela Pacific yokhalo. Iningi itholakala ngaphansi amanzi anosawoti, kodwa sithinta ezinye ezweni. Ngokwesibonelo, e -Hawaii, ngenxa amatshe yokuhlukanisa eMhlabeni, njalo ukuzamazama komhlaba, okuyinto ngokuvamile iholela inqwaba abalimala. Ngokuqhubekayo, leli yokhalo giant kufaka ezincane zokuzamazama komhlaba emhlabeni ibhande. Ngakho, ke iphathwa eKamchatka, le Aleutian esijwayelekile Islands. Kuthinta yonke agudle ugu olusentshonalanga ye zwekazi American futhi iphela kwesokudla ku South Loop Antilles. Yingakho zonke izindawo zokuhlala, okuyinto zitholakala agudle, njalo ingakuzwa ucishe onamandla ukuzamazama komhlaba okuningi okunomthelela. Phakathi ethandwa kakhulu mega-emadolobheni, okuyinto kule ndawo engazinzile - Los Angeles.

Land ibhande zokuzamazama komhlaba. Amagama yibo bungavami

Manje cabanga endaweni okuthiwa ukuzamazama komhlaba lesibili noma seismicity ezincane. Bonke zitholakala eduze ngokwanele ukuba imikhawulo iplanethi yethu, kodwa kwezinye izindawo Echoes lingezwakali ngesikhathi, njengoba kwezinye izifunda of ukundindizela safinyelela cishe esiphezulu. Kodwa-ke Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi simo sici kuphela yamazwe, okuyizinto ngaphansi Umhlaba Ocean. amabhande yesibili zokuzamazama komhlaba Zomhlaba basuke bagxila amanzi Atlantic, ePacific kanye e-Arctic nase ezingxenyeni ezithile e-Indian Ocean. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukundindizela okunamandla, ngokuvamile ewela esempumalanga wonke amanzi ezweni, okusho "Umhlaba uphefumula" endaweni Philippine, kancane kancane ukwehla aphansi e-Antarctica. Ngokwezinga elithile, izikhungo lezi ukuhlaselwa ziyasebenza nakubantu amanzi zasePacific, kodwa i-Atlantic cishe njalo ezolile.

A ingxoxo eningiliziwe ngale ndaba

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kwakhiwa ibhande zokuzamazama komhlaba Zomhlaba is eslphambanweni kwekulu lithospheric amapuleti. I enkulu phakathi kwalabo iyona Meridian Pacific Ridge, sekukonke obuphelele zazo zikhona lenqwaba entabeni awalethe. Njengomthetho, focus ukuhlaselwa, elibangela ukuzamazama kule ndawo yemvelo - subcrustal, ngakho anikezwa olude kakhulu. Igatsha kakhulu ukugadlwa ukuzamazama komhlaba asebenzayo we Meridian we yokhalo kuyingxenye yayo enyakatho. Lapha kukhona ukukhahlela eliphezulu kakhulu, okuyinto ngokuvamile ukufinyelela ogwini California. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu, inani namabhilidi lakhiwa kule ndawo njalo zigcinwe zimbalwa. Nakani yokuthi amadolobha ezifana San Francisco, eLos Angeles, ngokuvamile, olulodwa storey. High-liphumele izakhiwo esakhiwe nje enkabeni yedolobha. Isihloko aphansi seismicity esincane lesi legatsha sinciphile. Ogwini olusentshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika ukuzamazama are njengoba donsile njengoba eNorth Nokho, lapho namanje imakwe izilonda subcortical.

A sebuningini amagatsha yokhalo eyodwa enkulu

Amagama izingxenye zokuzamazama komhlaba Zomhlaba, okuyizinto namahlumela kusukela Meridian eyinhloko ugema Pacific, kuhlobane ngokuqondile indawo yabo ethile. Omunye amagatsha - East. It wayevela ngasogwini eKamchatka futhi ugijimela eduze Aleutian esijwayelekile Islands ke uya emhlabeni wonke zwekazi American futhi uphela kwi -Falkland Islands. Le ndawo akuyona catastrophically-zokuzamazama komhlaba kanye uhlevane ukuthi akhiwa ngaphakathi ke encane. Umuntu kumelwe amane uqaphele ukuthi esifundeni yenkabazwe ngakho uya igatsha eMpumalanga. I iCaribbean Sea futhi bonke esiqhingini uthi, okuyinto zitholakala lapha, kakade zone of zokuzamazama komhlaba Antilles iluphu. Kule ndawo, ama-ngaphambilini waphawula umhlaba uzamazama kaningi owanikhipha eziningi izinhlekelele, kodwa kulezi zinsuku Zomhlaba "esehlise umoya", futhi ukundindizela, okungase wezwa futhi wazizwa wonke zokungcebeleka zaseCaribbean, abalona ingozi empilweni.

Small indida kwendawo

Uma sicabangela lelo bhande zokuzamazama komhlaba Zomhlaba kumephu, kuvela ukuthi egatsheni esisempumalanga yokhalo Pacific egobhoza agudle ugu olusentshonalanga ye ezweni kule planethi, ie kanye Melika. Igatsha esentshonalanga ibhande efanayo zokuzamazama komhlaba kuqala eduze Kuril Islands, Japan sidlula, bese lahlukaniswa nakakhulu. Kuyinto ongaziwa ukuthi amagama ala maqembu zokuzamazama komhlaba, akhethwa ne ukunemba kodwa kunalokho. By the way, lawo magatsha amabili, okuyinto ahlukana lokuChubekako inegama "West" naseMpumalanga ", kodwa ngalesi sikhathi imvelaphi yabo ezindawo kuvumelana nemithetho owamukelwa. East egcina New Guinea eNew Zealand. Kule ndawo usukela Ukundindizela sasivumela eqinile, ngokuvamile egqoke elimazayo. legatsha East ihlanganisa Umkhawulo wama-Philippine Islands, iziqhingi oseningizimu Thailand futhi eBurma, futhi ekugcineni exhunywe kwi-zone Trans-Mediterranean.

Ekuhlaziyeni "parallel" Ridge zokuzamazama komhlaba

Manje cabanga endaweni lithospheric okungukuthi eduze esifundeni sethu. Njengoba wazi, igama esishintshashintshayo zokuzamazama komhlaba kuyiplanethi yethu incike indawo yabo, futhi kulokhu, eMediterranean-Ibanga ubufakazi Trans-Asian. Phakathi uyephuza kwakhona-Alps, ama-Carpathians, le Apennines futhi iziqhingi etholakala oLwandle iMedithera. umsebenzi Iningi zokuzamazama komhlaba ewela iyunithi Romanian, lapho ngokuvamile kukhona yokundindizela kwangemva kokuzamazama. Ukuhambisa eMpumalanga, ezweni ohlwitha yibhande Balochistan, Iran, futhi iphela eBurma. Nokho, iphesenti jikelele yomsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba, olungena on endaweni, kuyinto 15. kuphela Ngakho-ke, lesi sifunda iphephile kakhulu futhi ethule.