Isikhundla ezindawo ka the nezimfunda. isikhundla ezemvelo emathafeni ase

Tundra ihlanganisa engxenyeni esenyakatho Russia nase-Canada. Ubunjalo kuqhathaniswa yayo iyindlala, futhi isimo sezulu ubhekwa ezinzima. Ngenxa yalezi zici, ithole elinye igama - ehlane Arctic. Uma sicabanga indawo emathafeni ase-, singabona ukuthi kule ndawo engenabantu kulesi siqhingi zitholakala e-Arctic Ocean kanye enyakatho yingxenye Russia nase-Canada.

Indawo emathafeni

ehlane Arctic welula strip ububanzi ogwini-Arctic Ocean. Lapha isimo sezulu mnene futhi hhayi amazinga aphakeme okushisa imvelo kwaphela futhi efanele. Ebusika emathafeni ihlala izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye, futhi ehlobo imnandi kakhulu.

okushisa aphansi kuholele yokuthi phansi zilimaze futhi thaws hhayi ngokuphelele, kodwa ungqimba phezulu kuphela ongabona ancibilike. Kule ndawo yemvelo singahlangabezani emahlatsini imithi emide. Lokhu ndawo igcwele emaxhaphozini, rivulets wona, ulele, nezihlahla yemifino kanye nezitshalo athile ayakwazi ukuqhubeka ephila lapho kushisa nokhahlo kangaka. nezimo zabo sifanamsindvo futhi ukuphakama amancane kahle yokuvumelana kudutshulwa emimoyeni ebandayo.

Ezindaweni ezinkulu kungabonwa izinguzunga zeqhwa Amasimu itshe. Emathafeni ase-kukhona eyigugu amachibi engajulile eziningi ezincane. Ikakhulukazi kungabonwa kumephu Canada, Russia, Finland. Isikhundla ezindawo ka the emathafeni ikhuthaza mningi emifuleni namanzi okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Kuyini ezithakazelisayo ngale indawo enyakatho

Kungaphawulwa heterogeneous isikhundla ezindawo ka the nezimfunda. Kusukela enyakatho naseningizimu enqwabelene subzones ezintathu. Ngo-Arctic Ocean iyona subzone arctic, khona-ke esikhundleni moss futhi ulele, eningizimu yelula ndawo, ehlanganisa birch yemifino, cloudberry notshani neminyezane polar. Umbala ngokwawo muhle. Ehlobo ungabona licwebezele kanjani ngemibala egqamile. Zonke sibonga sezihlahla aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amajingijolo, lingonberry, cranberry.

Isimo sezulu ezingwadule Arctic

emathafeni-Latitude babe ongaphakeme yonyaka ibhalansi ngemisebe. Winter kule ndawo lide - eziyisishiyagalombili, noma ngisho izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye. Lapha kukhona kokuvamile enhle ebusuku polar. Ngo kubanda, isithwathwa nomoya - into evamile. Winter Januwari lokushisa emathafeni European has izinkomba degrees 10 Celsius. Nokho, ngasempumalanga isimo sezulu yezwekazi. Ngakho-ke Januwari lokushisa ongafinyelela -50 degrees Celsius futhi ngezansi.

Summer ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, kuyabanda futhi kunomoya, kukhona isikhathi eside ngosuku polar. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa isilinganiso emoyeni ngoJulayi ezingadluli 4 degrees, ezivame ukubonakala drizzling yemvula nenkungu. Isikhundla ezindawo Russia emathafeni ase - indawo ye engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe futhi kuze kube iBering Strait. It ithatha 1/6 yezwe lonke. ESiberia kukhona ibanga enkulu ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu.

snowstorms Sinzima futhi windstorms - lomkhuba evamile endaweni. Ziyakwazi engacabanganga ukuze bayakwazi knock phansi hhayi indoda kuphela, kodwa futhi Deer.

Uyini emathafeni ehlobo

Yiziphi isikhundla ezindawo ka the emathafeni ehlobo? Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka ungathola amakhowe ezidliwayo futhi ezihlukahlukene amajikijolo okumnandi, okuyinto ukudlulisa ukhaphethi inemibala egqamile futhi namanje kuyabonakala ukwaluka Imihlambi reindeer uyaziqhenya. Ngakho afuna ukudla kwazo ehlobo. Deer udle konke abakubona: ulele, amaqabunga nezihlahla. Ebusika, futhi ukuthola ngamakhaya njengoba reindeer moss.

izimila ezingavamile

Izwe eziphilayo emathafeni abampofu. nenhlabathi Tundra-gley yalesi zone ivundile neze, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje eqandisiwe ngokuphelele. Akubona bonke izitshalo siphila ezimweni ezinzima North, lapho ukushisa nokukhanya kwelanga okuncane kangaka. Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi is wazinza ulele futhi wona, ama-poppy polar, abamnyama crowberry, raspberry, Loyd kamuva, sedge mechelistnaya, saxifrage, iqhwa Buttercup nabanye. Lezi zitshalo kukhona i uswidi engajwayelekile izakhamuzi zendawo izilwane zasendle. Yimaphi amanye amakhambi kungabonakala nasemkhakheni kule ndawo? Mayelana 300 zezitshalo eziqhakaza izimbali futhi cishe 800 kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ulele futhi wona.

Zonke izitshalo yemifino. Okubizwa ngokuthi "iZihlobo Zasehlathini" ungaya nje kwamadolo, futhi "mithi" ngeke kusaba kuka a amakhowe. Isikhundla ezindawo ka the emathafeni asifanele amahlathi, futhi bonke ngenxa eyiqhwa njalo, okuyinto iqhubeka iminyaka eminingi.

izilwane emathafeni

On the emaweni ogwini olunamadwala kungabonwa izinyoni rasshumevshihsya. Isikhundla ezindawo kwezilwane emathafeni yemvelo abantu abakhetha kolwandle. esiningi amanzi - olwenzeka endaweni ephelele Waterfowl: goose, amadada, ama-loon. Ungathola passerines, zibuthana, Waterfowl, goose ezimhlophe, peregrine Falcons, emathafeni intendele, skylark. Lapha ngeke ukuthole ngokwesibonelo, isilwane esihuquzelayo, kodwa abamele eziphila emanzini nasezweni, amaxoxo kungatholakala. Nokho ocebile nezilwane hare impungushe, ochakide, izimpungushe, izimpisi, amabhere futhi nsundu, must must nezinkabi, yebo, reindeer. Lake emathafeni ocebile anhlobonhlobo izinhlanzi - salmon, Dall.

Reindeer - ngesinye isici ehlane arctic

Ababona isici kuphela, kodwa futhi uphawu, okuyinto uyaziqhenya zone nezimfunda. Indawo okwakukhona kuyo lezi zilwane kutfokomele kakhulu ukuba ahlale. Zikhona hhayi kuphela ezindaweni ezivulekile kwemijondolo, kodwa futhi eziqhingini-Arctic Ocean. Futhi umndeni kuphela izilwane ayabulala ezingaba khona lapha. izimpondo Big, singakwazi ukugcina kokubili kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Main ugesi reindeer - izitshalo Tundra. It ulele (moss), izinso, utshani, amahlumela amancane nezihlahla. Ebusika, bakwazi ukukhiqiza izitshalo kusukela ngaphansi eqhweni, futhi kuphulwa ngamasondo akhe.

Izinyamazane elingenamikhono ebusika uqweqwe eside, athuthukiswe kahle undercoat (ukushisa nokugcinwa frost ezinzima). Ehlobo, kuba ezingavamile kakhulu futhi kulula. Summer inyamazane umbala - kusukela grey kuya ensundu. Ebusika kuba iningi labelungu. Isakhiwo ekhethekile evumela reindeer izinselo ngempumelelo futhi ngokushesha badlula emaxhaphozini neqhwa ezijulile. Lokhu izilwane abathanda futhi esithenjini.

Ebusika aye ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona indawo ebanzi Yagelnaya emadlelweni. Eyikhulu noma ngaphezulu amakhilomitha kwendawo ehlobo - akuyona inkinga ukuthuthela ebusika wezinyamazane. Bachitha akukho ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa ngonyaka. Lesi silwane kuyinto ebucayi, has a umqondo omkhulu yokuhogela, futhi kungenza ukubhukuda ngisho. Deer amahhala ukubhukuda ngaphesheya kwechibi futhi emfuleni.

izingxenye imvelo ezonini emathafeni njengenhlangano ezihlobene

Uma sicabanga indawo emathafeni ase-, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi engxenyeni eseningizimu yehlathi iqala. Ngakho kuvela nezimfunda. Ibanga eduze yomngcele oseningizimu nezimfunda. Lapha kuba ukufudumala kancane - ehlobo izinga lokushisa ifinyelela 14 degrees Celsius. Ehlathini ukuthola imvula ephakeme, okuyinto akanayo isikhathi shabalala. Ngakho kukhona amaxhaphozi. Ukudla esiyinhloko wendawo umfula ogeleza umnyuziki Incibilikile iqhwa. Ngenyanga yokuqala kwehlobo - esiqongweni kukazamcolo. Isikhundla ezindawo ka the zone emathafeni kancane kancane usuthathelwa nezimfunda.

sekuyisikhathi eside umuntu waqala ukutadisha endaweni enyakatho. Kancane kancane zasondela landscape ukuthi budlulela ngale kwe-Arctic Circle, ezinabantu abaningi futhi uguqulwe. ukudoba Imvume yesabelo sogu - ngokusobala umsebenzi oyinhloko wabantu izizwe enyakatho: amaChukchi futhi Eskimo. Abazingela izilwane zendawo wabeka amasiko abo ukudla nezitayela zokugqoka. Inyama eziphila olwandle, inyamazane, inhlanzi, inyama yenkukhu - ukudla main. Ngenxa ukuzingela reindeer ezaziphila ngokufuya, noboya izikhumba akhiqizwa, nezinye izilwane, abese esetshenziswa zokugqoka.

Umbala libhekene emathafeni

Tundra ise zone phakathi emathafeni futhi ehlathini. Izigodi emfuleni kungaba kakade ukubonwa ngaphezu ehlathi imithi emide. Yilokho ezahlukene isikhundla ezindawo ka emathafeni futhi ihlathi nezimfunda. Lapha, ephakathi kwemifula zingatholakala eziqhingini ezincane nezihlahla yemifino ne ikhava ulele. Ihlobo ukufudumala kanye eside. Ngenxa yokuba khona izihlahla, isivinini somoya lapha hhayi wazizwa njengokungathi kakhulu njengoba emathafeni ase-, lapho isimo sezwe ivuliwe ngokuphelele.

Ukususwa kwezimiso ihlathi emathafeni olwandle kunomthelela nobusika obubanda kakhulu nge yesithwathwa eqinile. inhlabathi incibilikiswa ijule ngokungaphezulu futhi eyiqhwa okuqhubekayo siyenzeka kuphela kwezinye izindawo. Amandla eyinhloko imifula nazo elicibilikile iqhwa.