Imbongi Russian Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev: Biography emfushane, nobuciko kanye Indaba yokuphila

UNgqongqotjhe wezobuLungiswa, isikhulu sikahulumeni abavelele imbongi omkhulu wazalwa ngo Simbirsk, emkhayeni ifike. Igama lakhe kwakungu-Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev. Biography emfushane isitshela indaba kunalokho esindayo yokuqala yokuphila umsebenzi. Isimo abazali bakhe ngokucasuka Pugachovskim ukuhlubuka, ngakho-ke ngezinye nane, Ivan baba ezejwayelekile Semenov ibutho.

ebuntwaneni

Boy ngakhulela edolobheni eliseduze Syzran, kancane wafunda e Kazan bese Simbirsk, wahlala khona njengomfokazi izikole boarding, kodwa indodana umndeni akuyona ukuqeqeshwa wadonsa, no-Ivan wabuyela emaphandleni, lapho ukuthi baqede imfundo yabo bebodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho sebesazi isiFulentshi, ukufunda nje nokuhumusha zonke izinhlobo izindaba ezazisemizini umtapo umzali. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, Biography iDemo okungakwazi ihlanganise kokubili sinesisindo imbongi salukazi, kwaba okunenjongo kakhulu.

Ikakhulukazi, bathandile izinganekwane of La Fontaine, okuyinto wahumushela hhayi kuphela descenders, kodwa futhi yakhelwe ubuciko, kanye nemilolotelo. bethatheka Ngakho izinganekwane yakhe, wazama ukuqamba uqobo. Ngo-1774, u-Ivan anxenxa akhonze Semenov ibutho, lapho salotshwa eminyakeni emibili edlule, futhi waphuma Petersburg.

Osebenza nabo kakhulu othanda kumnandi, kodwa isiyalo kakhulu insizwa ethile, umxoxi wezindaba ezinhle, ngisho imbongi. Izindaba omude kunayo yonke wayengawatshela okunenjongo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo imfushane kakhulu. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, Biography iDemo yaziwa ngisho zesikole neze kahle esikalini abaphila manje, ngoba nje ngaleso sikhathi yolimi lwanamuhla Russian zamila lokho thina manje ushayele zakudala.

Umfundi nokuqala indlela okudala

Ngo 1783 wabuyela Petersburg NM Karamzin. Ivan wahlangana umbhali ubani cishe bekhexile, avame bahlangana bexoxa izincwadi babefunda, khona enkundleni yemidlalo ndawonye, wazindla hlobo magazini yayo. Ngemva kwesikhashana Karamzin eyasungulwa ngempela izinkondlo le "eMoscow Journal", lapho yashicilelwa Dmitrieva.

Dmitriev Ivan Ivanovich (1760-1837) Biography emfushane ebonisa ukuthi usengumfundi ka N. M. Karamzina. Ukwahlulela emibhalweni wayesemathuneni ngezindlela eziningi futhi abalandeli bakhe. Ngo 1777 waqala indlela yakhe olusankondlo, lapho "Petersburg ososayensi iGazethi" eshicilelwe inkondlo yakhe yokuqala. Nokho, imbongi yena akazange abheke lokhu ekuqaleni: konke ebhala ngaphambi 1791, babizwe ngamagama imvumelwano awunalutho.

waduma njengombhali

Kodwa ingoma, "moans ijuba ijuba", wathola ithandwa kangaka e 1792, ukuthi wayengeyena umuntu ube nesizotha. Futhi satirical tale "Umfazi imfashini" ubizwa nangokuthi kabanzi kakhulu okuxoxwe emibuthanweni etemibhalo. Dmitriev kwaba master wavuma yevesi ebucayi, zonke izinhlobo landscape izinkondlo - epigrams, madrigals, nje amalebula. Wabuye wabhala satires netinsimu, abazimisele ukulalela bese zihaya umphakathi waseRussia.

Abantu besikhathi sethu osifanele ukukhumbula ukuthi, nakuba ukusetshenziswa Dmitriev ubudala Derzhavin uhlamvu kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, kodwa kuletha lezi zincwadi ngesiRashiya eziningi sakhe kanye entsha ngokuphelele, ezifana inkhulumomphendvulwano olusankondlo, kufaka ekhatsi siphukuto, yasendlini izinto (engamukeleki ngaphambili "isitayela okusezingeni eliphezulu"), futhi ungapheli mina zibuye zesabe ukuphelela kokuphila futhi kwadala hhayi eziyizici izinkondlo of isikhathi. Kodwa ulimi, yebo, uyisidala, nge allegories, okuyinto kudingeka kancane sicacise, nge abasondelana izinkanuko, nakuba nge konke isitayela ukuthi ayalolongwa brilliant.

ucwaningo temdzabu

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, zonke ejwayele ukufinyelela engqondweni yakhe Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev. Biography emfushane kusitshela ukuthi kukhona esikoleni esisodwa kuphela lapho afike achitha khona konke ukuphila kwakhe, futhi lokhu esikoleni - Folk art. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, wakhangwa ingoma isiRashiya, waze wazama ukuzenza amaqoqo. Watadisha imibhalo, ngekhanda yabo izici, ukubunjwa, tesakhiwo, silulumagama.

Mhlawumbe lokhu kwasiza Dmitriev ukubhala izingoma wayecula zonke egumbini lokuphumula, "Sizyi ijuba", athi: "Shh, ukugwinya ..." "O, lapho ngase ngaziwe phambi ...". zonke zicishe zifane kakhulu ukuba alingise izingoma ezindala. senziwa version kwezincwadi novellicheski zabo, okungukuthi, narratively, ngemdlalo bushelelezi evesini ethule, umuzwa elithambile, ukudabuka enombala okhanyayo. Libuye ngoba abantu besikhathi wayecabanga, ukuthi izinkondlo Dmitriev iye yashabalala maholoholo futhi nokucija Russian Folk izinkulumo. Emibhalweni yakhe ngokuzithandela futhi cishe ngokushesha wabhala umculo lezo bomculo abadumile njengoba Verstovsky, Dubyansky, Zhuchkovsky.

Iqoqo lokuqala iculo

Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, Biography emfushane lapho utshela indaba amahlaya akhe evamile ezinhle, umnene, eshicilelwe iqoqo lakhe 1796 wawuqamba "Futhi ngononina izintwana zami" emva kokushicilelwa ncwadi Karamzin sika "trifles wami". Ngakho enhle, ihlaya, wathi, ukuthi namanje uzicabangela yena umfundi master okukhulu.

"Pocket Songbook" ukuthi wawuhlukaniswe waba yizingxenye ezintathu: Ingxenye yokuqala - nombhali ingoma, original (GR Derzhavin, VV Kapnist, M. M. Heraskov, II Dmitriev, UMA Bogdanovich nabanye ); esigabeni sesibili - sokulingisa ukunambitheka ethandwa; wesithathu - luyingxenye inhlamba isosha esihlatshelelwayo.

Lokhu abantu kwakwakhe, biography etemibhalo iphathwa iculo luyingxenye etemibhalo esitsheni esisodwa futhi kumakwe Dmitrieva Ivana Ivanovicha. Isifinyezo izingoma zisuka esibayeni nombhali - yesakhi waleli qoqo, ungakwazi kudlule ngale ndlela: bona waligcizelela inexhaustibility iziphethu Folk song indalo. Bona izwakala ingoma baqhubeka ingcebo Russia: izindaba, uhlu lwamagama, izithombe ezingoma zakhe isikhathi eside kuyodingeka kithi njengophawu lokuthi isikhathi ukuvula lokusuka ulimi.

sentimentalism

Ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka eRussia ifikile Umkhuba omusha etemibhalo - sentimentalism. Classicism kancane kancane bathathe izikhundla e-Europe, izincwadi, umculo, yokudweba ngaleso sikhathi sekudlule ukuphoxeka seduze ukuphila ezisemadolobheni nempucuko jikelele. Futhi imbongi yethu kwaba useduze nakakhulu engokwemvelo emvelo, yini likhuluma kaningi biography of Dmitrieva Ivana Ivanovicha.

Amazwibela sentimentalism: umuzwa, azitshele ukuba silokhu sithi, okumsulwa kanye untroubled. Lapha futhi Russian abalobi baye baphendukela nemvelo, Karamzin futhi Dmitriev, eduze ukugcina zonke izinguquko European ukuthi ayesmhola ohlangothini olusha. Nokho, ngokushesha ngimdele futhi zahamba.

Kusukela iculo - izinkondlo ukuze

Mbumbulu Folk songs baletha udumo imbongi, kodwa ngempela akazange ukwanelisa kuye, uhlobo kwaba kakhulu ze-non-self, nokudabuka, ukulangazelela esivela ingoma wendabuko, wayengekho eyinqaba kulo muntu onamileyo.

Dmitriev wayeyindoda bube buhle, kepha ngaphandle kancane unruliness, ongumlimi umsulwa futhi ikhuthele. Ngalolu futhi ibonisa umuntu onjalo zokuziphatha kakhulu efana Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, Biography emfushane. Ukudala liyazikhulumela, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi udukisa umfundi. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ufunda izinkondlo Dmitrieva ku okujabulisa, iwayini kanye yokuchitha isizungu lina futhi kuneziphepho, akusiwona ngembhali. Kuyinto intela fashion yesikhathi. Umbhali bohemian hhayi "walala".

Khona-ke Dmitriev umlutha izinkondlo, ukudala uhlobo ohluke ngokuphelele ke, akakuthandanga Lomonosov, lapho bonke namanje futhi walingisa. I izinkondlo Dmitrieva izitembu zinyamalale, kodwa uhlala bokubanga okusezingeni eliphezulu. Lawa ODE "On the iVolga", "Ermak", "Liberation eMoscow". inkulumo ezinezinkondlo luba yinto engokwemvelo ngaphezulu, kukhona lyricism, kulapha lapho ekugcineni zihlume okusanhlamvu esizayo elegies, futhi mhlawumbe zonke romanticism Russian.

Fabulist futhi Umxoxi

Dmitriev - imbongi enezici kakhulu. Falling in love with La Fontaine kusukela ebuntwaneni, nokho "kabusha" uhlelo kuyinganekwane yakudala, kwabonakala kuye uhlobo imodeli inganekwane Russian, lapho esikhundleni sohlelo moralism evamile umsindo isikhundla kombhali nge iphuzu lakhe siqu umbono. Ubunjalo behlakaniphile, kule uhlobo, lapho kuye kwathuthukisa play yamahlaya ubuhlakani enjabulo enkulu. Lokhu inganekwane, isibonelo, kuyinto "Bee, olukhulu lwenyosi ezakhela yodwana nami". Fabulist Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, Biography iDemo okuyinto kakhulu ukhuluma lokhu, uye wakwazi ukuba iphayona zonke izinhlobo, ngoba yena uhlaziyo.

Futhi yezinganekwane Dmitrieva ngaphandle fabulousness, kuyini inganekwane? Lena behlakaniphile kakhulu vesi amanoveli ethathelwe yesimanjemanje yayo. "Fairy Tale", "Isithombe", "Umfazi imfashini" - konke okulotshiweyo ngale ndlela. Imbongi echazwe lezi imisebenzi yezinganekwane ngoba abazange ukucasula kubo, ivaliwe ukubhinqa yakhe ukuze nokunciphisa, by ekuqambeni kabusha yona inganekwane.

Afterword

Dmitrieva izindaba ibisetshenziswa nezinye izimbongi eziningi abalobi. Ngokwesibonelo, A. S. Pushkin uvezwa Ivan ngo "Ndodakazi sikaKaputeni" yakhe. Image Grinyova uma landa lisuka imbongi ngabanye kusukela ebuntwaneni ezilotshwe ibutho. Dmitriev futhi asho umbhali nkondlo omkhulu futhi Pugachev isigwebo, okuyinto ebona ngokwakhe. Futhi ngisho "Umalume imithetho iningi fair" - futhi uDemetriyu, futhi saba nendodakazi, reception ihholo, kanye umfundi. Ubungani okukhulu kwaba Dmitriev mina S Vasiliem Lvovichem - umalume ka-Alexander.

Mayelana Dmitriev njengoba wezinguquko, wabhala VG Belinsky, bakubheka njengobuthakathaka ulimi isifaki, kanye Karamzin Karamzin kuphela wakwenza lokhu ngo zolimi olubhalwa phansi Dmitriev waqala ibhizinisi evesini Pushkin sika. Zhukovsky wabhala ukuthi ukunambitheka olusankondlo Russian setha Dmitriev Ivan Ivanovich. Umlando iDemo izingane nalokhu ekutshela. Isiphelo sakhe wajabula, ihhovisi, izinto zihambe kahle kakhulu, ukwanda zenzeka ngaphandle push kancane lasuka eceleni kwakhe. Nokho, ngo-inhlanhla kwakuhlangene ukuhlonipha, ukwethembeka, ukuphana, ukungathathi ihlangothi, ukuzikhandla kanye njalo zifunana izindlela ezintsha.