Imisebenzi ekhethiwe. I-Anthology - iyini?

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ukuhlanganiswa kweziqoqo ezihlukahlukene kwaqala, kubandakanya izinkondlo ezincane, ikakhulukazi ze-epigraphic abalobi abahlukahlukene. Kumele kuthiwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa komlando kwakungabalwa kuphela emisebenzini yezincwadi, kodwa futhi, ngokwesibonelo, umculo, i-cinema, njll. Babizwa ngokuthi ama-anthologies. Ukufana okunye kunemibhalo yesandla enemibhalo yamabhuku. Iyini incazelo yegama elithi "anthology"?

I-terminology

Umqondo unezimpande zesiGreki. Igama elithi "anthology" lisho ukuthini? Ekuhunyushweni kusukela esiGrekini sasendulo - "insimu yezithelo", "ukuqoqwa kwezimbali." Kumele ngithi, ngaphandle kwezinkondlo, ama-aphorisms noma amazwi, eminye imisebenzi ekhethiwe yaqoqwa. Ngesikhathi esidala, i-anthology yokucabanga yayithandwa. Kungenxa yaleziqoqo ukuthi namuhla siyazi izitatimende zabaningi. Ubani owahlanganisa i-anthology yokuqala? Kuyini lokhu ngomqondo wanamuhla? Ake sibheke lokhu kusihloko.

Umlando

Ngabe i-anthology yokuqala yahlanganiswa nini? Kuyini, sitholile ngenhla, futhi manje unikeza ulwazi lomlando. I-compiler yokuqala yalesi siqoqo yayinguMeleager waseSiriya. Ibuyela emuva ngonyaka we-60 BC. E. Phakathi kwababhali basendulo kukhona uPhillipp waseThesalonika, uStaton weSard noDiogenian waseHeracleia. Noma kunjalo, wonke lawa maqoqo, aphethe amagama ahlukene, awagcinanga. Kuze kube manje, sekufike imihlangano ephuzile. Ngokwesibonelo, ngekhulu le-10, uConstantin Kefal wahlanganisa i-anthology ezithakazelisayo (ukuthi yikuphi, ngaleso sikhathi izazi zefilosofi zazizi kahle). UConstantine wasebenzisa ukuqoqwa kwababengaphambi kwakhe. Ngokuyinhloko, imisebenzi ka-Agathius. Iqoqo elilandelayo lahlanganiswa nguMaxim Planad. Abacwaningi abaningi baye bafinyelela iziphetho lapho befunda le-anthology, ukuthi lokhu kuyisiqoqo esingenakuqhathaniswa empeleni. Kodwa-ke, yayihlanganisa ama-epigrams amaningi ahlosiwe ahlobene nemisebenzi yobuciko. Okudume kakhulu kwakungenye yeqoqo lokuqala elahlanganiswa nguJohn Laskaris. Ngokulandelayo, i-anthology yabuye yaphinda iphrinta izikhathi eziningana. Kuzo zonke izinto ezikhona, inguqulo yokuphela yodwa yabuyiselwa kabusha. Wabhalwa nguHenry Stepan. Kule-anthology umbhali wasebenzisa imithombo ehlukahlukene.

I-Anthologia inedita

Ngomnyaka we-1606, uSalmazy weLayibrari yeHeidelberg wathola ikhophi esaphila yohlu lwezintambo ezakhiwe nguConstantin Kefal, futhi waqhathanisa neqoqo lePlanad. Njengoba ebhala kusukela kokuqala zonke izinkondlo ezazingekho kwesibili, wabhala umbhalo omusha. Noma kunjalo, umsebenzi awukashicilelwanga, futhi, empeleni, ukushicilelwa kuka-Orville. Phakathi neMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu, lo mbhalo wasuswa waya eRoma, wabe eseya eParis (phakathi nempi yezinguquko). Ngo-1816, ekugcineni i-anthology yabuyela eHeidelberg. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi, izingcaphuno ezivela kuqoqo zishicilelwe izikhathi eziningana ngeziqephu noma ngevolumu egcwele ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi Anthologia inedita.

Imibhalo YaseMandulo Yasendulo

Kumele kuthiwa zonke izinto, okwakubekwa kamuva nge-idylls zezinkondlo, ama-epigrams, izingxenye zemisebenzi ezitholakala emibhalweni nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, yanyatheliswa ngo-1776 nge-Brunk. Khona-ke lo mbhalo wesandla wanyatheliswa uJamess ngokushiya nokuchazwa okuthile. Emva kwalokhu umbhali alungiselela futhi umhlangano wesibili ngesisekelo sekhophi eyenziwe ngo-1776 eRoma. Kule-anthology kukhona iqoqo leKonstantin Kefal elinemigqa yePlanad enamathele kuyo. Kule ncwadi ngo-1828-1829, wanezela izengezo ezithathwe emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, i-Welker. E-Paris, ngokusho kwesimiso esifanayo, ngokuphawula nokuhumusha ngesiLatini saseDubner (owafa ngaphambi kokuqedwa komqulu wesibili) ngo-1864-1872. Kuvele uhlelo olusha. Izingxenye ezikhethiwe ezikhethiwe zihunyushwe ngesiJalimane.

Izincwadi zezizwe ezithile

Abantu baseMpumalanga banokuqoqwa okuningi, okuqukethe izingcaphuno ezihlukahlukene ezivela emisebenzini yezinkondlo ezivela kumbhali munye, noma eziqoqwe izingcaphuno ezihlokweni ezithile zezimbhali ezihamba phambili noma izinkondlo. Bavame ukuhlanganiswa amanothi e-biographical, ahlelwe ngokulandelana kwesikhathi. Anthology eyaziwa kakhulu kunazo zonke abantu baseChina. Lo mbhalo unesihloko esithi "Shi-Jing" futhi uyingxenye yezinguqulo ze-canonical. Umbhali walo nguConfucius. Kunamaqoqo ambalwa anthological ezincwadini zesiSanskrit. Kule ndaba, ama-Arabs ahle kakhulu. Kusuka kubo, kumelwe ngithi, isiko lokuqoqa amaqoqo adluliselwe kumaPheresiya. Kanti nemihlangano yasePheresiya yayiyisibonelo samaSulumane amaHindu, ama-Ottoman, isiTurkey.

Ukuqoqwa okuhlukahlukene kwezingcaphuno zemisebenzi kunendaba ethandwayo yomlando noma yokufundisa.

Kumele kuthiwa esikhathini sethu imihlangano enjalo ihlanganiswa ngokwezinhlobo ezahlukene nakwezinhlanga ezahlukene (isibonelo, "I-Anthology ye-Russian Literature for the Children").

Imibhalo yesandla yamaRoma

Kumele kuthiwa ukuthi lamanje ayinayo iqoqo elilodwa lamaRoma lasendulo. Ukubhalwa kwama-anthologies kwaqala nabalobi besikhathi esizayo. Ngesikhathi sokudalwa, badonsa impahla kusuka eqoqweni elilodwa elikhulu, eliyikhulu le-6, noma bathatha izingcaphuno ezivela emibhalweni nasemisebenzini yesandla. Umqambi wokuqala - uScaliger, ushicilele i-anthology ngo-1573. Kamuva, imisebenzi eminingi kaPiteja yanezelwa kuye. Lo magazini, owashicilelwa ngo-1590, wawusetshenziswa nguPeter Burman (Jr.). Wakha umbhalo oqukethe amavesi angu-1544 ahlukene. Yongezwa futhi yachitshiyelwa, yaphinde yabuyiselwa ngo-1835 ngoMeya. Futhi ngo-1869 uReese wakha umhlangano omusha obucayi, okwakuningi okwakushiwo ngaphandle. Ngakho, kafushane sibheka umqondo we "anthology", ukuthi uyini, futhi obani ababhali bokuqala.